EP0874918A1 - Verbundkörper und verfahren zu seiner herstellung - Google Patents
Verbundkörper und verfahren zu seiner herstellungInfo
- Publication number
- EP0874918A1 EP0874918A1 EP96945762A EP96945762A EP0874918A1 EP 0874918 A1 EP0874918 A1 EP 0874918A1 EP 96945762 A EP96945762 A EP 96945762A EP 96945762 A EP96945762 A EP 96945762A EP 0874918 A1 EP0874918 A1 EP 0874918A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- phase
- hard
- composite body
- carbon
- sintering
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
- C22C1/051—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor
- C22C1/053—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor with in situ formation of hard compounds
- C22C1/055—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor with in situ formation of hard compounds using carbon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
- Y10T428/252—Glass or ceramic [i.e., fired or glazed clay, cement, etc.] [porcelain, quartz, etc.]
Definitions
- the invention relates to an oxide-free composite body with a binder metal phase and with at least one hard phase, essentially consisting of a cermet material with a binder metal phase of 2 to 30 mass%, the remainder at least one carbonitride phase or a hard metal with at least one hard material phase of 65 to 99 mass% , Rest of binder metal phase.
- the invention further relates to a method for producing the composite body.
- Composites of the type mentioned are described in DE 43 40 652 AI. Such composite bodies are used in particular as cutting inserts for machining, but also as high-temperature materials. According to the conventional technology, these bodies are prepared from prepared hard material powders and metals with the addition of a plasticizer after mixing to form bodies and then sintered in electrically heated furnaces, which are equipped, for example, with graphite heating elements, the samples being heated indirectly by means of the radiation emitted by the heating elements and by convection or heat conduction.
- the pretreatment is usually associated with intensive grinding of the hard material powders, the mixing and grinding of numerous additives and the binding metal for optimized shaping in connection with pressure sintering, sintering, hot isostatic pressing or hot isostatic pressing.
- the fine grain of the starting powders used is attempted to be maintained by additives which serve as grain growth inhibitors. After sintering, these additional substances are present as brittle phases and accordingly reduce the toughness and the corrosion resistance of the composite body.
- additives which serve as grain growth inhibitors.
- these additional substances are present as brittle phases and accordingly reduce the toughness and the corrosion resistance of the composite body.
- DE 43 40 652 it has been proposed in DE 43 40 652 to subject the pre-pressed molded body to sintering in a microwave field. In this case, the effectiveness of the heating by microwaves is increased as the binder metal content of the preformed molding increases. The molded body is heated directly by the microwave sintering.
- the oxide-free composite body of the type mentioned at the outset in that the metals necessary for forming the hard phases, namely the carbonitride phase or phases (in the case of ceramets) or the hard material phases or hard phase (in the case of hard metals), the carbon and possibly other metals and metal carbides and nitrides have only been compressed in powder form, ie as a solid, to form a green body and then subjected to a pressure-free reaction sintering in a microwave field, the hard phases formed being associated with the remaining others, not on the hard phases - substances involved in the action form a liquid phase.
- the metals necessary for forming the hard phases namely the carbonitride phase or phases (in the case of ceramets) or the hard material phases or hard phase (in the case of hard metals)
- the carbon and possibly other metals and metal carbides and nitrides have only been compressed in powder form, ie as a solid, to form a green body and then subjected to a
- the shaped bodies obtained in this way are distinguished in relation to the grain size of the starting powder used by a substantial reduction in the grain size in the end product.
- the structure is fine-grained and even; the composite body has an extremely high toughness with high hardness and strength at the same time. Due to the formation of the liquid phase, the composite body is completely compressed during sintering. In the same way, previously necessary work steps, such as carburization of the starting materials and subsequent grinding and work-up steps, are eliminated in the production of the composite bodies according to the invention.
- the hard phase is made from the starting materials required for the carburization reaction "in situ" during the receive the same heat treatment that also leads to the sintering of the molded body.
- the heat of reaction released in the formation reaction of the hard phases can be used to apply the necessary activation energy for the sintering.
- the complete compression of the molded body is achieved without additional measures, such as applying pressure or encapsulation, which were previously necessary according to the prior art.
- the use of microwave radiation permits the simultaneous initiation of carburization or carbonitriding and sintering.
- the sinter batch can also be caused to react independently of the heat transfer within the batch by microwave dissipation in the volume of the sinter batch. Remote In addition, rapid heating is possible by means of microwave heating, without the reaction heat being lost to the environment.
- reaction heat is used when the starting materials are combined, the formation reaction of the hard phases in the solid and in the liquid state as well as the dissolution ⁇ solution and re-excretion of the hard phases from the binding metal in the presence of the microwave field much faster than without the electromagnetic alternating field.
- This is the only way to achieve extreme grain refinement combined with rapid compaction.
- a WC-Co hard metal with grain sizes of 0.4 to 0.8 ⁇ m could be achieved, So grain sizes that are below the initial grain size of the tungsten powder.
- Special properties, such as, in particular, the hardness, tendency to corrosion, magnetic, electrical and thermomechanical parameters can be combined by appropriately selected starting mixtures.
- the action of the microwave field results in a direct reaction of metals with the carbon for hard phase formation, such as the reaction of tungsten with carbon to WC or a corresponding hard phase formation to form TiC, ZrC, HfC, VC, NbC, TaC, Cr2C 3 or M02C .
- the reaction mentioned proceeds much faster and also at lower temperatures than is the case with conventional heating.
- the hard phase is first formed, which partially dissolves in the binder metal.
- the solubility of the hard phases in cobalt (as a binder) at the eutectic temperature in mol% is: TaC, HfC: 3; TiC: 5; ZrC, NbC: 6; VC: 10; Cr 2 C 3: 12; WC: 20; Mo 2 C: 30.
- Crystallization of the hard phase can therefore already be expected with relatively small amounts of dissolved carbides.
- the eutectic melt formed is very quickly in through the dielectric inhomogeneous body under the action of the electromagnetic alternating field all capillaries drawn. As a result, the porous body compresses evenly in volume, as would otherwise only be achieved by applying high external pressure.
- the hard phase dissolved in the binder metal crystallizes on residual hard phase grains still present. Only in this way can a very fine-grained hard phase be obtained, the grain morphology of which gives the typical angular grains.
- microwave reaction sintering is a much finer structure than could be achieved conventionally by sintering, by microwave sintering or by conventional reaction sintering. Due to the reaction-promoting effect of the microwave field, it is also not necessary to present a low-melting eutectic to initiate the hard phase formation reaction. It is sufficient if a small amount of liquid phase is formed from the hard phase and the binder metal. Furthermore, the distribution of a liquid phase, which promotes compression by capillary forces, is accelerated by the electroponderomotive effect of the alternating electric field, so that an external pressure can be dispensed with.
- the disadvantage of conventional sintering that the choice of the furnace atmosphere can also be avoided is limited by the chemical properties of the heating elements.
- the hard metals or cermets are heated from the outside in and are essentially controlled by the thermal conductivity and the emissivity of the samples. Depending on the thermal conductivity of the samples, the range of variation of the heating and cooling rates is severely restricted, which is why high apparatus and process engineering measures are required in order to be able to sinter ultrafine-grain hard metals satisfactorily, for example.
- the composite body preferably has no grain growth inhibitor, that is to say in particular no vanadium and / or chromium.
- the hard metal composite body according to the invention is characterized in that it has at least 70% by volume of an average grain size of at most 0.5 ⁇ m, preferably at most 0.4 ⁇ m.
- Cermet composites according to the invention have at least 70% by volume of an average grain size of ⁇ 0.4 ⁇ m, preferably ⁇ 0.3 ⁇ m.
- the invention further relates to a process for the production of oxide-free composite bodies of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the metals required for the formation of the hard phase, the carbon and optionally further metals and metal carbides and nitrides and / or solid nitrogen compounds as suppliers for carbon Oil and / or nitrogen, in each case exclusively in powder form, are pressed into a shaped body and then under a pressure of 5 5 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, preferably free of pressure, at least temporarily in a microwave field of 0.01 to 10 W / cm 3 energy density in a reaction sintering be subjected.
- the composite bodies produced by microwave sintering have a extremely fine-grained structure, which is finer than the starting grain size due to the applied microwave reaction sintering technique.
- the metal carbide which serves as the base of the hard metal body to be produced, is produced in particular from metal and carbon black or graphite, which are present in powder form in the starting mixtures.
- the microwave reaction sintering of the respective powdered starting mixtures to carbides or carbonitrides takes place relatively quickly and with the development of heat (exothermic).
- the samples subjected to sintering can be conventionally sintered, i.e. without the influence of the microwave field. This can also be done in such a way that the samples in question are pushed into a furnace chamber which is conventionally heated for final sintering.
- a combination of a microwave heater with a conventional heater is thus possible both temporarily and locally.
- the metals necessary for forming the hard phase, the carbon and possibly further metals and metal carbides and nitrides and / or solid nitrogen compounds as suppliers of carbon and / or nitrogen under a pressure of up to 5 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, preferably pressure-free to undergo a reaction sintering in an electrically heated furnace, ie without exposure to microwave radiation.
- a reaction sintering process pressure-free or using only low pressures, a considerably greater density can be achieved, which otherwise can only be achieved with pressure sintering or with combined sintering with hot isostatic presses.
- At least the base carbides that determine the hard metal or cermet base body Carbon monides or carbonitrides are present in the starting mixture in the form of pure powdered metals, as well as graphite and / or carbon black or in the form of pure metals, graphite and / or carbon black and a nitrogen donor, which can be a metal nitride and / or a solid nitrogen compound.
- microwave sintering the technology known from DE 43 40 652 A1 can in principle be used with the proviso that not only sintering, but also carburization or carbonitriding is initiated by microwave fields.
- the sintering temperature can also be selected to be relatively low, depending on the grain size of the metals used and, depending on the carbon source, at 1250 to 1400 ° C.
- a hard metal with the following properties could be produced:
- H V3 Q 2000 to 2500; K lc : 15 to 20 MPaVm; ⁇ B : 3500 to 4500 MPa.
- the process according to the invention is suitable for the hard-phase binder metal compositions listed in the claims relating to the composite body, a reaction to fine-grained hard materials in a binder phase being achieved without grain growth, but even with grain refinement by selection of suitable grain sizes and compositions of the solid starting materials and by heating by means of microwaves in which the sintering simultaneously compresses the hard phase and the binder metal in one process step and thereby directly the composite bodies are obtained as components, in particular cutting tools with a density> 99.8% of the theoretical density.
- waxes are preferably used as plasticizers, which have to be removed at the temperatures mentioned before sintering.
- the waxes which can usually be used according to the prior art do not themselves absorb the microwave radiation.
- the selective heating of the metal and non-metal powders by means of microwave heating results in a uniform heating of the wax in the entire volume of the sintered body.
- the sintered body itself is heated to higher temperatures than the furnace space by the microwave radiation, which considerably simplifies the removal of dewaxing products.
- the waxing is carried out at a relatively high heating rate of approximately 5 ° C./min.
- the substance-specific heat generation by means of microwave radiation permits finer process control than in the case of convection and heat conduction customary in the prior art.
- the amount of carbon which can be reproducibly introduced during the reaction sintering is used to adjust the phase composition.
- such a plasticizer can also be used as the nitrogen supplier, which plasticizer itself contains nitrogen and serves as a nitrogen source for the carbonitride phase to be produced.
- Such a nitrogen supplier is e.g. Urotropin.
- the microwave reaction sintering considerably simplifies the production process in a considerably shorter time.
- the heating rates of the batch are preferably in the range from 10 to 10 ° C / min for dewaxing up to 10 0 ° C / min to 10 3 ° C / min, preferably 20 ° C / min to 100 ° C / min in microwave sintering or 2 ⁇ C / min to 20 ° C / min in conventional sintering in carburizing or carbonitriding up to to the reaction temperatures above 1000 ° C.
- microwave reaction sintering takes place at sample temperatures which are above those of the furnace walls, it is also possible to carry out a faster cooling after the energy supply has been switched off, so that any additional grain growth of the cermets or hard metal composite bodies is counteracted. Production-specifically, when using microwaves for the reaction sintering, no holding time is required to even out the heating result, which fulfills a further requirement for avoiding grain growth.
- the rest of the WC, cobalt, tungsten and carbon are mixed in powder form together with 1.8% by weight of wax as a plasticizer and pressed into a green compact.
- the green body (s) are then uniformly distributed in an oven and heated with a power density of 0.05 W / cm 3 by means of microwaves, the heating speed being up to about 350 ° C. between 0.1 to a maximum of 3 ° C./ min is. During this time, the wax is completely burned out.
- cermets takes place in a corresponding manner with the additional requirement that in addition to the metals required for the carbonitride phase, the binder metal and the carbon there must still be a nitrogen supplier.
- This can be present, for example, in the form of a nitride of the metals titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum and / or molybdenum, these metals then even reacting with the carbon to form cabonitrides.
- organic substances such as urotropin, as a nitrogen supplier, which can also be plasticizers at the same time.
- a mixture of one or more binder metals such as nickel, cobalt and / or iron, optionally with additions of molybdenum in an amount of 3 to 30% with one or more hard phase formers, such as e.g. Wolf ram, molybdenum, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium or tantalum, one or more thermally labile nitrides as nitrogen suppliers and the ⁇ toichiometric amount of free carbon, have been mixed in order to complete the reaction of the hard phase formers and the metal nitrides to carbides and To ensure carbonitrides.
- the mixture is pressed and brought to a temperature between 1200 and 1500 ° C. in the microwave field.
- the hard-phase constituents and the nitrides form carbides or carbonitrides, for example according to the following reaction mechanisms:
- reaction examples are related to the formation of TiCN, but can also be applied analogously to other types of cermet compositions.
- the same metal such as Ti
- a metal would both provide the nitride and also form the carbide and the carbonitride
- a metal would provide the nitride, which had been converted to the carbonitride or carbide and the second metal as the hard phase former forms the more stable carbonitride or nitride.
- thermally labile nitrides that can be used as a nitrogen source are: CrN, Cr 2 N, MoN, Mo 2 N, M0 3 N, WN, W 2 N, AlN.
- Stable nitrides that result from this are then nitrides of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobs and / or tantalum.
- Aromatic, high-nitrogen heterocycles such as triazine, pyrazole, polypyrazole and corresponding metal salts can be used as possible nitrogen donors in the plasticizer during reaction sintering.
- the reaction sintering takes place in a normal pressure furnace atmosphere.
- the green body (s) are then distributed in a resistance-heated oven and heated to 400 ° C. at a heating rate of 100 ° C./h. Then, i.e. After the growth has been driven off, the furnace is heated to a sintering temperature of 1400 ° C. until the desired compression is complete.
- the finished sintered bodies are cooled at a rate of 10 ° C./min.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19601234 | 1996-01-15 | ||
| DE19601234A DE19601234A1 (de) | 1996-01-15 | 1996-01-15 | Verbundkörper und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
| PCT/DE1996/002353 WO1997026383A1 (de) | 1996-01-15 | 1996-12-05 | Verbundkörper und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0874918A1 true EP0874918A1 (de) | 1998-11-04 |
| EP0874918B1 EP0874918B1 (de) | 1999-06-30 |
Family
ID=7782800
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96945762A Expired - Lifetime EP0874918B1 (de) | 1996-01-15 | 1996-12-05 | Verbundkörper und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6190762B1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0874918B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP4334017B2 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE181749T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19601234A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1997026383A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6293986B1 (en) | 1997-03-10 | 2001-09-25 | Widia Gmbh | Hard metal or cermet sintered body and method for the production thereof |
| SE9802519D0 (sv) * | 1998-07-13 | 1998-07-13 | Sandvik Ab | Method of making cemented carbide |
| US6228484B1 (en) | 1999-05-26 | 2001-05-08 | Widia Gmbh | Composite body, especially for a cutting tool |
| AU8027800A (en) | 1999-10-18 | 2001-04-30 | Penn State Research Foundation, The | Microwave processing in pure h fields and pure e fields |
| DE10005146A1 (de) | 2000-02-04 | 2001-08-09 | Widia Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Einstellung einer Mikrowellen-Energiedichteverteilung in einem Applikator und Verwendung dieser Vorrichtung |
| JP2004292905A (ja) * | 2003-03-27 | 2004-10-21 | Tungaloy Corp | 傾斜組成燒結合金及びその製造方法 |
| US8182862B2 (en) * | 2003-06-05 | 2012-05-22 | Superpower Inc. | Ion beam-assisted high-temperature superconductor (HTS) deposition for thick film tape |
| DE102004049310B4 (de) * | 2004-10-07 | 2011-05-12 | Mairanowski, Viktor, Prof. Dr. habil. | Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Oberflächen |
| EP2177639B1 (de) * | 2007-07-27 | 2020-03-04 | Kyocera Corporation | Cermet auf titanbasis, beschichteter cermet und schneidwerkzeug |
| EP2225101B1 (de) | 2007-12-27 | 2014-11-26 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Nanostrukturierte feuerfeste metalle und metallcarbide sowie daraus hergestellte beschichtungen und teile |
| JP5305206B2 (ja) * | 2010-10-01 | 2013-10-02 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 超硬合金及び超硬工具 |
| AT14442U1 (de) * | 2015-01-23 | 2015-11-15 | Ceratizit Austria Gmbh | Hartmetall-Cermet-Verbundwerkstoff und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| CN112551528B (zh) * | 2020-12-03 | 2022-09-16 | 吉林大学 | 一种用于催化材料的多面体过渡金属碳化物颗粒的制备方法 |
| CN115505774B (zh) * | 2022-09-23 | 2023-08-08 | 湖南湘投轻材科技股份有限公司 | 碳化物-金属复合材料的制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR654210A (fr) * | 1927-04-06 | 1929-04-03 | Thomson Houston Comp Francaise | Perfectionnements apportés aux compositions métalliques dures et à leurs procédés de fabrication |
| DE720357C (de) * | 1936-03-07 | 1942-05-05 | Rheinmetall Borsig Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Hartkoerpern |
| DE1009527B (de) * | 1954-10-07 | 1957-05-29 | Wilhelm Schlechtendahl & Soehn | Beschlag fuer Kipp-Schwenk-Fluegel von Fenstern mit aus- und einkuppelbaren Kipp- und Schwenkscharnieren |
| DE2716413A1 (de) * | 1977-04-14 | 1978-10-19 | Joern J Jessen | Methode zur herstellung von hartmetallen |
| US4327186A (en) | 1980-06-23 | 1982-04-27 | Kennecott Corporation | Sintered silicon carbide-titanium diboride mixtures and articles thereof |
| GB2140923B (en) * | 1983-06-01 | 1987-04-01 | Univ Manchester | Resistance thermometer testing |
| US4675206A (en) * | 1985-04-19 | 1987-06-23 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Process for the production of a surface-coated article |
| DE3515919A1 (de) * | 1985-05-03 | 1986-11-06 | Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen | Verschleissfester beschichteter hartmetallkoerper und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
| JP2706502B2 (ja) * | 1989-01-13 | 1998-01-28 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 工具用サーメット |
| WO1991019584A1 (en) * | 1990-06-12 | 1991-12-26 | The Australian National University | Metal carbides and derived composites |
| DE4110006A1 (de) * | 1991-03-27 | 1992-10-01 | Krupp Widia Gmbh | Verbundkoerper, verwendung des verbundkoerpers und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
| DE4216802C2 (de) * | 1992-05-04 | 1996-04-11 | Starck H C Gmbh Co Kg | Submicrone Carbonitrid-Pulver, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung sowie deren Verwendung |
| US5256368A (en) * | 1992-07-31 | 1993-10-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior | Pressure-reaction synthesis of titanium composite materials |
| DE4239234A1 (de) * | 1992-11-21 | 1994-06-09 | Krupp Widia Gmbh | Werkzeug und Verfahren zur Beschichtung eines Werkzeuggrundkörpers |
| GB2274467A (en) | 1993-01-26 | 1994-07-27 | London Scandinavian Metall | Metal matrix alloys |
| JP2792391B2 (ja) * | 1993-05-21 | 1998-09-03 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | サーメット焼結体 |
| US5451365A (en) * | 1993-05-24 | 1995-09-19 | Drexel University | Methods for densifying and strengthening ceramic-ceramic composites by transient plastic phase processing |
| IT231979Y1 (it) * | 1993-10-01 | 1999-08-10 | Zanussi Elettrodomestici | Apparecchio frigorifero con dispositivo perfezionato di congelazione |
| DE4340652C2 (de) * | 1993-11-30 | 2003-10-16 | Widia Gmbh | Verbundwerkstoff und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
| JPH07315989A (ja) * | 1994-04-01 | 1995-12-05 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | ダイヤモンド被覆部材の製造方法 |
| US5653775A (en) * | 1996-01-26 | 1997-08-05 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Microwave sintering of sol-gel derived abrasive grain |
| DE19722728A1 (de) * | 1996-12-24 | 1998-06-25 | Widia Gmbh | Verbundkörper, bestehend aus einem Hartmetall-, Cermet-, oder Keramiksubstratkörper und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
-
1996
- 1996-01-15 DE DE19601234A patent/DE19601234A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-12-05 WO PCT/DE1996/002353 patent/WO1997026383A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1996-12-05 AT AT96945762T patent/ATE181749T1/de active
- 1996-12-05 EP EP96945762A patent/EP0874918B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-05 JP JP52557297A patent/JP4334017B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-12-05 US US09/101,403 patent/US6190762B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-05 DE DE59602350T patent/DE59602350D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9726383A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59602350D1 (de) | 1999-08-05 |
| DE19601234A1 (de) | 1997-07-17 |
| ATE181749T1 (de) | 1999-07-15 |
| US6190762B1 (en) | 2001-02-20 |
| JP2000503344A (ja) | 2000-03-21 |
| JP4334017B2 (ja) | 2009-09-16 |
| WO1997026383A1 (de) | 1997-07-24 |
| EP0874918B1 (de) | 1999-06-30 |
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