EP0874918B1 - Verbundkörper und verfahren zu seiner herstellung - Google Patents
Verbundkörper und verfahren zu seiner herstellung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0874918B1 EP0874918B1 EP96945762A EP96945762A EP0874918B1 EP 0874918 B1 EP0874918 B1 EP 0874918B1 EP 96945762 A EP96945762 A EP 96945762A EP 96945762 A EP96945762 A EP 96945762A EP 0874918 B1 EP0874918 B1 EP 0874918B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- phase
- metal
- hard
- carbon
- sintering
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
- C22C1/051—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor
- C22C1/053—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor with in situ formation of hard compounds
- C22C1/055—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor with in situ formation of hard compounds using carbon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
- Y10T428/252—Glass or ceramic [i.e., fired or glazed clay, cement, etc.] [porcelain, quartz, etc.]
Definitions
- the invention further relates to a method for producing the Composite body.
- Composites of the type mentioned are in the DE 43 40 652 A1 described. Such composite bodies are particularly as inserts for machining, but also used as high-temperature materials. According to the conventional Technology, these bodies are prepared from Hard material powders and metals with the addition of a plasticizer after mixing, pressed into shaped bodies and then in electrically heated ovens, for example are equipped with graphite heating elements, sintered, the The samples are heated indirectly by means of the heating elements emitted radiation and by convection or heat conduction he follows. Pretreatment usually involves intensive grinding the hard material powder, the mixing and grinding numerous Additives and the binding metal for optimized shaping in connection with a pressure sintering, a sinter-hot isostatic Presses or hot isostatic presses connected.
- the fine grain of the starting powder used is after Attempts to maintain state of the art through additives, which serve as grain growth inhibitors. These additional After sintering, substances are present as brittle phases and reduce accordingly toughness and corrosion resistance of the composite body.
- the pre-pressed molded body undergo sintering in a microwave field. Here becomes with increasing binding metal content of the preformed Press body the effectiveness of heating by microwaves increased.
- the shaped body is formed by the microwave sintering heated directly.
- the oxide-free composite body of the type mentioned above in that the metals necessary for the formation of the hard phases, namely the carbonitride phase or phases (in the case of cermets) or the hard material phases or hard phase (in the case of hard metals), the carbon and, if appropriate, others Metals and metal carbides and nitrides are only compressed in powder form, ie as a solid, to form a green compact and then subjected to reaction sintering in a microwave field under a pressure of 5 5 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, preferably without pressure, the hard phases formed having the Other other substances of the binder metal phase not involved in the hard phase reaction form a liquid phase and at least 70% by volume of the hard metal composite body has an average particle size of ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ m or at least 70% by volume of the cermet composite body has an average particle size of ⁇ 0.4 ⁇ m.
- the metals necessary for the formation of the hard phases namely the carbonitride phase or phases (in the case of cermets) or the hard material
- the shaped bodies obtained in this way are distinguished in relation to the grain size of the starting powder used by a substantial reduction in the grain size in the end product.
- the structure is fine-grained and even; the composite body has an extremely high toughness with high hardness and strength.
- the formation of the liquid phase results in complete compaction of the composite body during sintering.
- previously necessary steps such as the carburization of the starting materials and subsequent grinding and work-up steps, are eliminated in the production of the composite bodies according to the invention.
- the hard phase is obtained "in situ" from the starting materials required for the carburization reaction during the same heat treatment which also leads to the sintering of the shaped body.
- the heat of reaction released in the formation reaction of the hard phases can be used to apply the necessary activation energy for the sintering.
- the complete compression of the molded body is achieved without additional measures, such as applying pressure or encapsulation, which were previously necessary according to the prior art.
- the use of microwave radiation allows in Contrary to those conventional according to the state of the art Heating or ignition processes the simultaneous initiation of carburization or carbonitriding and sintering.
- the sinter batch can also be independent of the microwave heating Heat transfer within the batch through microwave dissipation reacted in the volume of the sinter batch.
- the action of the microwave field results in a direct reaction of metals with the carbon for hard phase formation, such as the reaction of tungsten with carbon to WC or a corresponding hard phase formation to TiC, ZrC, HfC, VC, NbC, TaC, Cr 2 C 3 or Mo 2 C.
- the mentioned reaction proceeds much faster and also at lower temperatures than is the case with conventional heating.
- the hard phase is first formed, which partially dissolves in the binder metal.
- the solubility of the hard phases in cobalt (as a binder) at the eutectic temperature in mol% is: TaC, HfC: 3; TiC: 5; ZrC, NbC: 6; VC: 10; Cr 2 C 3: 12; WC: 20; Mo 2 C: 30.
- Crystallization of the hard phase can therefore already be expected with relatively small amounts of dissolved carbides.
- the eutectic melt formed is very quickly drawn into all capillaries by the dielectric inhomogeneous body under the action of the electromagnetic alternating field. As a result, the porous body compresses evenly in volume, as would otherwise only be achieved by applying high external pressure.
- the hard phase dissolved in the binder metal crystallizes on remaining hard phase grains. Only in this way can a very fine-grained hard phase be obtained, the grain morphology of which gives the typical angular grains.
- the microwave reaction sintering technique can also be the one given in conventional sintering Disadvantage can be avoided that the choice of the furnace atmosphere limited by the chemical properties of the heating elements is.
- the hard metals are heated or cermets from the outside in and becomes essentially through the thermal conductivity and emissivity of the samples controlled.
- the Variation range of heating and cooling rates severely restricted, which is why sometimes high equipment and process engineering Measures are required to, for example, ultra fine grain carbides to be able to sinter satisfactorily.
- the composite body preferably has no grain growth inhibitors, in particular no vanadium and / or chromium. Across from The hard metal composite body according to the invention is distinguished from the prior art in that at least 70 vol .-%, an average grain size of at most 0.5 microns, preferably has a maximum of 0.4 ⁇ m. Cermet composite body according to the invention have an average grain size of at least 70% by volume of ⁇ 0.4 ⁇ m, preferably ⁇ 0.3 ⁇ m.
- the quantitative and qualitative Composition of the composite body according to the invention results from further developments of the invention from the claims 2 to 4.
- the invention further relates to a process for the production of oxide-free composite bodies of the type mentioned in the introduction, in which the metals necessary for the formation of the hard phase, the carbon and optionally further metals and metal carbides and nitrides and / or solid nitrogen compounds as suppliers for carbon and / or Nitrogen is exclusively pressed into a shaped body in powder form and then subjected to reaction sintering at least temporarily in a microwave field of 0.01 to 10 W / cm 3 under a pressure of 5 5 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, preferably without pressure.
- the composite bodies produced by microwave sintering have an extremely fine-grained structure, which is finer than the starting grain size due to the microwave reaction sintering technique used.
- the metal carbide which serves as the base of the hard metal body to be produced, is produced in particular from metal and carbon black or graphite, which are present in powder form in the starting mixtures.
- the metals required for forming the hard phase, the carbon and, if appropriate, further metals and metal carbides and nitrides and / or solid nitrogen compounds as suppliers for carbon and / or nitrogen under a pressure of up to 5 ⁇ 10 5 Pa to undergo, preferably without pressure, a reaction sintering in an electrically heated furnace, ie without exposure to microwave radiation.
- a reaction sintering process pressure-free or using only low pressures, a considerably higher density can be achieved, which otherwise can only be achieved with pressure sintering or with combined sintering with hot isostatic presses.
- At least the base carbides or carbonitrides determining the hard metal or cermet base body are present in the starting mixture in the form of pure powdered metals and graphite and / or carbon black or in the form of pure metals, graphite and / or carbon black and a nitrogen donor which is a metal nitride and / or can be a solid nitrogen compound.
- microwave sintering can be based on the Technology already known from DE 43 40 652 A1 with the Provided that not only sintering, but also carburization or carbonitriding by microwave fields is initiated.
- the sintering temperature can also be chosen to be relatively low, depending on the grain size of the metals used and depending on the carbon source at 1250 to 1400 ° C.
- a hard metal with the following properties could be produced: H v30 2000 to 2500; K Ic 15 to 20 MPa ⁇ m; ⁇ B 3500 to 4500 MPa.
- the inventive method is for in the composite body Hard phase binder metal compositions listed relevant claims suitable, but without grain growth, but even with grain refinement by choosing suitable grain sizes and Compositions of solid raw materials and by heating a reaction to fine-grained hard materials by means of microwaves is achieved in a binder phase in which at the same time sintering compresses the hard phase and the binder metal takes place in one process step and thereby directly the composite body as components, such as cutting tools in particular obtained with a density ⁇ 99.8% of the theoretical density become.
- a decomposition rate is controlled Pyrolysis of the waxes possible, in particular allows substance-specific heat generation using microwave radiation a finer process control than in the after State of the art conventional convection and heat conduction.
- the Amount of carbon which can be reproducibly introduced during the reaction sintering is used to adjust the phase composition utilized.
- it can supply nitrogen such a plasticizer can also be used, the itself contains nitrogen and for the carbonitride phase to be produced serves as a nitrogen source.
- a nitrogen supplier is e.g. Urotropin.
- the heating rates of the batch are preferably in the range from 10 to 1 ° C / min for dewaxing up to 10 0 ° C / min to 10 3 ° C / min, preferably 20 ° C / min to 100 ° C / min in microwave sintering or 2 ° C / min to 20 ° C / min in conventional sintering in carburizing or carbonitriding up to the reaction temperatures above 1000 ° C.
- microwave reaction sintering takes place at sample temperatures which are above those of the furnace walls, it is also possible to carry out a faster cooling after switching off the energy supply, so that any additional grain growth of the cermets or hard metal composite bodies is counteracted.
- microwaves for reaction sintering there is no need for a holding time to even out the heating result, which fulfills a further requirement for avoiding grain growth.
- the heating rate is gradually increased, namely to 5 ° C / min to 1000 ° C and then to higher values until the sintering temperature of about 1250 ° C is reached.
- the sintered bodies are then cooled at a rate of 20 ° C / min.
- cermets runs in a corresponding manner the additional requirement that, in addition to that for the carbonitride phase required metals, the binder metal and the carbon there must still be a nitrogen supplier.
- This can for example in the form of a nitride of the metals titanium, zirconium, Hafnium, niobium, tantalum and / or molybdenum are present, where these metals even together with the carbon Cabonitrides react.
- organic Substances such as urotropin, as a nitrogen supplier, which too can also be used as plasticizers.
- a mixture of one or more binder metals such as nickel, cobalt and / or iron, optionally with additions of molybdenum in an amount of 3 to 30%, with one or more hard phase formers, such as, for example, tungsten, molybdenum, titanium, Zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium or tantalum, one or more thermally labile nitrides as nitrogen supplier and the stoichiometric amount of free carbon, were mixed to ensure the complete reaction of the hard phase formers and the metal nitrides to carbides and carbonitrides.
- the mixture is pressed and brought to a temperature between 1200 and 1500 ° C. in the microwave field.
- the hard phase former components and the nitrides form carbides or carbonitrides, for example according to the following reaction mechanisms: (1) TiN + Ti + 2C ⁇ TiCN ⁇ TiC (2) WN + Ti + 2C ⁇ WC + TiCN (3) Mo 2 N + Ta + W + 2C ⁇ Mo 2 C + TaNWC
- reaction examples are based on the formation of TiCN, but can also be applied analogously to other types of cermet compositions.
- the same metal such as Ti
- one metal would provide the nitride, which would be converted to the carbonitride or carbide
- the second metal as the hard phase former
- thermally labile nitrides that can be used as a nitrogen source are: CrN, Cr 2 N, MoN, Mo 2 N, Mo 3 N, WN, W 2 N, AlN.
- Stable nitrides that result from this are then nitrides of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobs and / or tantalum.
- the plasticizer contains aromatic, nitrogen-rich Heterocycles such as triazine, pyrazole, polypyrazole and the like Metal salts in question.
- the reaction sintering takes place in a normal pressure furnace atmosphere from.
- the green body (s) are then distributed in a resistance heated oven and with a heating rate of 100 ° C / h to 400 ° C warmed up. Then, i.e. after growing out, will the furnace is heated to a sintering temperature of 1400 ° C until the desired compression has been completed.
- the finished sintered Bodies are cooled at a rate of 10 ° C / min.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Description
- einem Cermetwerkstoff mit einer Bindemetallphase von 2 bis 30 Massen-%, Rest mindestens eine Carbonitridphase oder
- einem Hartmetall mit mindestens einer Hartstoffphase von 65 bis 99 Massen-%, Rest Bindemetallphase.
| Hv30 | 2000 bis 2500; |
| KIc | 15 bis 20 MPa√m; |
| σB | 3500 bis 4500 MPa. |
Claims (11)
- Oxidfreier Verbundkörper mit einer Bindemetallphase und mit mindestens einer Hartphase, im wesentlichen bestehend auswobei die zur Bildung der Hartphase notwendigen Metalle, der Kohlenstoff sowie ggf. weitere Metalle und Metallcarbide und -nitride und/oder feste Stickstoffverbindungen als Lieferanten für Kohlenstoff und/oder Stickstoff ausschließlich jeweils in Pulverform zu einem Grünling verdichtet und anschließend unter einem Druck von ≤ 5 x 105Pa, vorzugsweise druckfrei, einem Reaktionssintern in einem Mikrowellenfeld unterzogen worden sind, bei dem die gebildeten Hartphasen mit den übrigen weiteren, nicht an der Hartphasenreaktion beteiligten Stoffen der Bindemetallphase eine Flüssigphase bilden, und wobei mindestens 70 Vol.-% des Hartmetallverbundkörpers eine mittelere Korngröße ≤ 0,5 µm haben oder mindestens 70 Vol.-% des Cermet-Verbundkörpers eine mittlere Korngröße ≤ 0,4 µm haben.einem Cermetwerkstoff mit einer Bindemetallphase von 3 bis 30 Massen-%, Rest mindestens eine Carbonitridphase odereinem Hartmetall mit mindestens einer Hartstoffphase von 65 bis 99 Massen-%, Rest Bindemetallphase,
- Verbundkörper nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Cermet oder das Hartmetall eine auf Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Mo und/oder W basierende Hartphase und eine Bindemetallphase aus Co, Ni und/oder Fe aufweist oder daß das Hartmetall hexagonales WC als 1. Phase und kubisches Carbid des Mischkristalles aus W, Ti, Ta und/oder Nb als 2. Phase und eine Bindemetallphase aus Co, Ni, Fe oder Mischungen hiervon aufweist oder
daß das Hartmetall aus hexagonalen Mischcarbiden WC mit MoC und/oder kubischen Mischcarbiden der Elemente Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo und/oder W mit einer Bindemetallphase aus Co, Fe und/oder Ni besteht. - Verbundkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bindemetallphase bis zu 15 Massen-% Mo, W und/oder Ti - bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse der Bindemetallphase - aufweist oder daß die Bindemetallphase bis zu 5 Massen-%, vorzugsweise bis zu 3 Massen-% Mn und/oder Al - bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse der Bindemetallphase - aufweist oder daß die Bindemetallphase aus einer Ni-Al-Legierung mit einem Ni-Al-Verhältnis von 90 : 10 bis 70 : 30 besteht, wobei die Bindemetallphase vorzugsweise bis zu 1 Massen-% Bor (bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse der Bindemetallphase) enthält, oder daß die Bindemetallphase aus Ni3Al, TiSi3, Ti2Si3, Ti3Al, Ti5Si3, TiAl, Ni2TiAl, TiSi2, NiSi, MoSi2 oder Mischungen hieraus besteht, wobei vorzugsweise mit Zusätzen von 0 bis 16 Massen-% aus Co, Ni, Fe und/oder Seltenerd-Metallen oder daß die Bindemetallphase aus Ni und Cr besteht, vorzugsweise mit Zusätzen von Mo, Mn, Al, Si und Cu in Mengen von 0,01 bis zu 5 Massen-%.
- Verbundkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, gekennzeichnet durch eine oder mehrere mittels PVD, CVD und/oder PCVD, vorzugsweise in einem Mikrowellenfeld aufgetragene Schichten.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung der Verbundwerkstoffe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zur Bildung der Hartphase(n) notwendigen Metalle, der Kohlenstoff sowie ggf. weitere Metalle und Metallcarbide und -nitride und/oder feste Stickstoffverbindungen als Lieferanten für Kohlenstoff und/oder Stickstoff ausschließlich jeweils in Pulverform zu einem Formkörper vorgepreßt und anschließend unter einem Druck ≤ 5 x 105 Pa, vorzugsweise druckfrei, zumindest zeitweise in einem Mikrowellenfeld von 0,01 bis 10 W/cm3 Energiedichte einem Reaktionssintern unterzogen werden.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung der Verbundwerkstoffe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zur Bildung der Hartphase(n) notwendigen Metalle, der Kohlenstoff sowie ggf. weitere Metalle und Metallcarbide und -nitride und/oder feste Stickstoffverbindungen als Lieferanten für Kohlenstoff und/oder Stickstoff ausschließlich jeweils in Pulverform zu einem Formkörper vorgepreßt und anschließend unter einem Druck ≤ 5 x 105 Pa, vorzugsweise druckfrei, einem Reaktionssintern unterzogen werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Formkörper kontinuierlich oder gepulst mit Mikrowellen zumindest zeitweise bestrahlt und/oder mit Aufheizraten von 0.1 bis 104°C/min erhitzt wird und/oder daß der vorgepreßte Formkörper Plastifizierer, die ggf. Stickstoff enthalten, aufweist, die vorzugsweise während der Aufheizung zersetzt und/oder ausgetrieben werden, wobei vorzugsweise der Stickstoff enthaltende Plastifizierer ein Feststoff ist, vorzugsweise Urotropin oder aromatische, stickstoffreiche Heterocyclen, wie Triazin, Pyrazol, Polypyrazol und deren Salze.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Reaktionssintertemperatur 1250°C bis 1700°C beträgt, vorzugsweise 1250°C bis 1400°C, beim Mikrowellensintern und/oder daß das Reaktionssintern in einer Vakuum-, einer Inertgas- oder einer reduzierenden Atmosphäre durchgeführt wird, wobei die Inertgas-Atmosphäre bis zu 5 Volumen-% H2 enthält oder das die reduzierende Atmosphäre aus Wasserstoff, Methan oder Mischungen hieraus besteht.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sinterung unter einem Druck von maximal 2 x 105 Pa durchgeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die PVD-, CVD- oder PCVD-Beschichtung ohne zwischenzeitige Abkühlung im Anschluß an das Reaktionssintern aufgetragen wird, wobei vorzugsweise die PVD-, CVD- oder PCVD-Beschichtung durch Wechsel der Gaszusammensetzung aufgetragen wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kohlenstoff als Graphit und/oder Ruß und/oder in Form von festen Mesophasen oder Aktivkohle zugesetzt wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19601234 | 1996-01-15 | ||
| DE19601234A DE19601234A1 (de) | 1996-01-15 | 1996-01-15 | Verbundkörper und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
| PCT/DE1996/002353 WO1997026383A1 (de) | 1996-01-15 | 1996-12-05 | Verbundkörper und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0874918A1 EP0874918A1 (de) | 1998-11-04 |
| EP0874918B1 true EP0874918B1 (de) | 1999-06-30 |
Family
ID=7782800
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96945762A Expired - Lifetime EP0874918B1 (de) | 1996-01-15 | 1996-12-05 | Verbundkörper und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6190762B1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0874918B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP4334017B2 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE181749T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19601234A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1997026383A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0966550B1 (de) * | 1997-03-10 | 2001-10-04 | Widia GmbH | Hartmetall- oder cermet-sinterkörper und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
| SE9802519D0 (sv) | 1998-07-13 | 1998-07-13 | Sandvik Ab | Method of making cemented carbide |
| US6228484B1 (en) | 1999-05-26 | 2001-05-08 | Widia Gmbh | Composite body, especially for a cutting tool |
| WO2001030118A1 (en) | 1999-10-18 | 2001-04-26 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Microwave processing in pure h fields and pure e fields |
| DE10005146A1 (de) | 2000-02-04 | 2001-08-09 | Widia Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Einstellung einer Mikrowellen-Energiedichteverteilung in einem Applikator und Verwendung dieser Vorrichtung |
| JP2004292905A (ja) | 2003-03-27 | 2004-10-21 | Tungaloy Corp | 傾斜組成燒結合金及びその製造方法 |
| US8182862B2 (en) * | 2003-06-05 | 2012-05-22 | Superpower Inc. | Ion beam-assisted high-temperature superconductor (HTS) deposition for thick film tape |
| DE102004049310B4 (de) * | 2004-10-07 | 2011-05-12 | Mairanowski, Viktor, Prof. Dr. habil. | Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Oberflächen |
| EP2177639B1 (de) * | 2007-07-27 | 2020-03-04 | Kyocera Corporation | Cermet auf titanbasis, beschichteter cermet und schneidwerkzeug |
| WO2009085342A1 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2009-07-09 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Nano-structured refractory metals, metal carbides, and coatings and parts fabricated therefrom |
| JP5305206B2 (ja) * | 2010-10-01 | 2013-10-02 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 超硬合金及び超硬工具 |
| AT14442U1 (de) * | 2015-01-23 | 2015-11-15 | Ceratizit Austria Gmbh | Hartmetall-Cermet-Verbundwerkstoff und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| CN112551528B (zh) * | 2020-12-03 | 2022-09-16 | 吉林大学 | 一种用于催化材料的多面体过渡金属碳化物颗粒的制备方法 |
| CN115505774B (zh) * | 2022-09-23 | 2023-08-08 | 湖南湘投轻材科技股份有限公司 | 碳化物-金属复合材料的制备方法 |
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| DE4239234A1 (de) * | 1992-11-21 | 1994-06-09 | Krupp Widia Gmbh | Werkzeug und Verfahren zur Beschichtung eines Werkzeuggrundkörpers |
| GB2274467A (en) | 1993-01-26 | 1994-07-27 | London Scandinavian Metall | Metal matrix alloys |
| JP2792391B2 (ja) * | 1993-05-21 | 1998-09-03 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | サーメット焼結体 |
| US5451365A (en) * | 1993-05-24 | 1995-09-19 | Drexel University | Methods for densifying and strengthening ceramic-ceramic composites by transient plastic phase processing |
| IT231979Y1 (it) * | 1993-10-01 | 1999-08-10 | Zanussi Elettrodomestici | Apparecchio frigorifero con dispositivo perfezionato di congelazione |
| DE4340652C2 (de) * | 1993-11-30 | 2003-10-16 | Widia Gmbh | Verbundwerkstoff und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
| JPH07315989A (ja) * | 1994-04-01 | 1995-12-05 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | ダイヤモンド被覆部材の製造方法 |
| US5653775A (en) * | 1996-01-26 | 1997-08-05 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Microwave sintering of sol-gel derived abrasive grain |
| DE19722728A1 (de) * | 1996-12-24 | 1998-06-25 | Widia Gmbh | Verbundkörper, bestehend aus einem Hartmetall-, Cermet-, oder Keramiksubstratkörper und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
-
1996
- 1996-01-15 DE DE19601234A patent/DE19601234A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-12-05 DE DE59602350T patent/DE59602350D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-05 JP JP52557297A patent/JP4334017B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-12-05 EP EP96945762A patent/EP0874918B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-05 AT AT96945762T patent/ATE181749T1/de active
- 1996-12-05 US US09/101,403 patent/US6190762B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-05 WO PCT/DE1996/002353 patent/WO1997026383A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1997026383A1 (de) | 1997-07-24 |
| JP4334017B2 (ja) | 2009-09-16 |
| US6190762B1 (en) | 2001-02-20 |
| DE19601234A1 (de) | 1997-07-17 |
| DE59602350D1 (de) | 1999-08-05 |
| EP0874918A1 (de) | 1998-11-04 |
| JP2000503344A (ja) | 2000-03-21 |
| ATE181749T1 (de) | 1999-07-15 |
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