EP0876883A2 - Outil pneumatique comprenant valve d'inversion avec dispositif à surmultiplier - Google Patents

Outil pneumatique comprenant valve d'inversion avec dispositif à surmultiplier Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0876883A2
EP0876883A2 EP98107828A EP98107828A EP0876883A2 EP 0876883 A2 EP0876883 A2 EP 0876883A2 EP 98107828 A EP98107828 A EP 98107828A EP 98107828 A EP98107828 A EP 98107828A EP 0876883 A2 EP0876883 A2 EP 0876883A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pneumatic tool
rotor
valve
housing
apertures
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98107828A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0876883B1 (fr
EP0876883A3 (fr
Inventor
David A. Giardino
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co LLC
Original Assignee
Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co LLC filed Critical Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co LLC
Publication of EP0876883A2 publication Critical patent/EP0876883A2/fr
Publication of EP0876883A3 publication Critical patent/EP0876883A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0876883B1 publication Critical patent/EP0876883B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C20/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines or engines
    • F01C20/10—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines or engines characterised by changing the positions of the inlet or outlet openings with respect to the working chamber
    • F01C20/14—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines or engines characterised by changing the positions of the inlet or outlet openings with respect to the working chamber using rotating valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING, OR HOLDING
    • B25B21/00—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING, OR HOLDING
    • B25B21/00—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose
    • B25B21/02—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose with means for imparting impact to screwdriver blade or nut socket
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING, OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/145—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for fluid operated wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/1453—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for fluid operated wrenches or screwdrivers for impact wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25F—COMBINATION OR MULTI-PURPOSE TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DETAILS OR COMPONENTS OF PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS NOT PARTICULARLY RELATED TO THE OPERATIONS PERFORMED AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B25F5/00—Details or components of portable power-driven tools not particularly related to the operations performed and not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C20/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines or engines
    • F01C20/04—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines or engines specially adapted for reversible machines or engines

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to pneumatic tools. More specifically, this invention relates to a pneumatic tool with a reverse valve having an overdrive for variable torque and speed.
  • One of the disadvantages of pneumatic tools is the ability to obtain variable torque and variable speed in the same tool in both forward and reverse directions. This is important in applications such as large structure construction, demolition or repair, e.g., bridges.
  • one problem in these applications which has long existed and has not been adequately addressed is providing enhanced torque and speed for removal of a lug nut subject to corrosion, dirt, or paint.
  • a worker has two impact wrenches available, a small light weight impact wrench and a large heavy impact wrench.
  • the small impact wrench is used for the majority of the lug nuts so a worker does not get tired and for ease of manipulation.
  • the large impact wrench is for removal of difficult lug nuts.
  • Such a large impact wrench is heavy and cumbersome to carry when only needed for hard to remove lug nuts.
  • carrying two impact wrenches to be available for the occasional hard to remove lug nut is time consuming and inefficient.
  • hydraulics when used on hand-held tools has several disadvantages. For example, hydraulics retains heat generated by friction, etc. Another disadvantage is that hydraulic fluid must be contained in a sealed system. If the hydraulic system does not have adequate seals, hydraulic fluid will be lost from the system resulting in slick fluid leaking on the tool.
  • this invention provides a pneumatic tool including a housing; a rotor, rotatably mounted within the housing; an output shaft, operatively coupled to the rotor; pressure chambers, defined between the housing and the rotor; and a pneumatic reverse valve, operatively coupled to control the rotor, the pneumatic reverse valve having an overdrive providing increased torque and increased speed to the output shaft.
  • the present invention provides for a reverse valve for a pneumatic tool having a housing; a rotor, rotatably mounted within the housing; and pressure chambers, defined between the housing and the rotor, the pneumatic reverse valve includes an overdrive for increased torque and increased speed.
  • One of the advantages of a pneumatic tool of this invention is the ability to obtain increased torque and increased speed in the same tool. This addresses the problems in applications such as large structure construction, demolition or repair, e.g., bridges.
  • a further advantage of this invention is that it does not have the problems of hydraulics.
  • Pneumatic tools do not heat up like hydraulic motors, but are self cooling because as the air flows through the tool it expands and cools.
  • pneumatic tools do not require a closed system like hydraulics having inherent sealing problems. Air enters a pneumatic tool through an inlet and exits into the atmosphere through an exhaust port. A pneumatic tool does not leak. Thus, a pneumatic tool does not require the complicated sealing structure of a hydraulic motor.
  • Another advantage of a pneumatic tool is that as torque is increased, speed is increased as well.
  • Another advantage of this invention is that the reverse valve allows control of motor direction and overdrive in both the forward and reverse directions.
  • the reverse valve can be provided in a variety of forms.
  • the reverse valve can be a plunger valve or, more preferably, a rotary reverse valve.
  • a plunger/rotary reverse valve combination may be used.
  • a rotary reverse valve of the present invention may include a rotatable planar element that includes at least three apertures therethrough.
  • the openings of the rotatable planar element may direct flow of air through a variety of layout configurations which allow selective delivery of pressurized air to one or more ports.
  • the openings can be laid out in a T-shape, a y-shape, or a Y-shape with an extra opening between the upper openings (e.g., ⁇ or peace sign shaped).
  • a rotary reverse valve of the present invention when the reverse valve takes the form of a rotatable planar element, the valve includes a rotatably positionable handle extending externally of the housing of the motor for positioning by the operator.
  • a pneumatic tool includes pressure chambers defined between the housing and the rotor to provide an overdrive feature.
  • Each of these chambers contains a first, forward-driving port for receiving pressurized air to drive the motor in a forward direction and a second, reverse-driving port to receive pressurized air to drive the motor in a reverse direction.
  • a further advantage of the present invention can be extended to a pneumatic tool with any number of pressure chambers surrounding the rotor.
  • the present invention is disclosed for use with pneumatic tools, such as an impact wrench, nut runner, or pulse tool. It should be noted, however, that a reverse and overdrive selection valve in accordance with the present invention can be used on a variety of pneumatic tools having various reverse valve configurations such as a plunger valve having an axis parallel to the output shaft (shown in U.S. patent 5,083,619), plunger valves having an axis perpendicular to the output shaft (not shown) and combination plunger/rotary reverse valves (not shown). Furthermore, the present invention is disclosed, illustratively, for use with a rotary reverse valve. However, it should be noted that the present invention may find applicability in any reverse valve on a pneumatic tool.
  • Fig. 1 shows an isometric view of a pneumatically driven hand tool including a first embodiment of a rotary reverse and overdrive selection valve 20 in accordance with the present invention.
  • the valve 20 is shown positioned in a valve housing 12 attached to the rear of a pneumatic tool 10 including an output shaft 60.
  • the operator turns the valve handle 22 to a selected position.
  • the operator may choose between a forward position, a reverse position, a forward overdrive position and a reverse overdrive position.
  • the drive option positions are illustrated to the operator by an arrow provided on the valve handle 22 which points to markings on the valve housing 12.
  • F “ and R " indicate forward and reverse, respectively
  • FX2" and “RX2” indicate forward and reverse overdrive, respectively.
  • FIG. 2 a rear view of the interior of the valve housing 12 including the reverse and overdrive selection valve 20 in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention is shown.
  • Figs. 3 and 4 show cross sectional views of the air driven tool including the valve housing 12, taken from the perspective of lines 3-3 and 4-4 of Fig. 2, respectively.
  • the pneumatic tool 10 has a motor housing 9 and valve housing 12.
  • the motor housing 9 includes a rotor chamber 51 for rotatably supporting a rotor 50.
  • the rotor 50 is in turn operatively coupled to the output shaft 60 of the tool.
  • an inner housing 30 is connected so as to limit the openings into the motor housing 9.
  • the valve housing 12 is sealingly attached by bolts (not shown) to the rear of the motor housing 9 to provide pressurized air via opening 14, shown in Fig. 4.
  • the number of pressure chambers 19 provided to drive the rotor 50 may be changed to accommodate different sized rotors, higher or lower speeds, higher or lower torque, etc.
  • the present invention will be primarily described hereafter in terms of a two chambered housing.
  • the interior periphery of the motor housing 9 is provided with alternating circumferentially spaced concavities 15 and cylindrical surface portions 16.
  • pressure chambers 19A, 19B are defined between the rotor 50 and concavities 15. Otherwise, the rotor 50 is seated in the cylindrical surface portions 16 for rotation.
  • the rotor 50 is driven by pressurized air entering through one or more of ports 35-38 formed in the motor housing 9.
  • the pressurized air entering through ports 35-38 rotates the rotor by moving a plurality of vanes 54 seated in radially extending slots 52 in the rotor 50.
  • the vanes are biased outwardly by pressurized air delivered to the innermost part of the slots 52 and by centrifugal force.
  • the outer ends of vanes 54 are held in contact with the inner periphery of the motor housing 9 regardless of whether the vanes 54 are within the cylindrical portions 16 or pressure chambers 19A-B.
  • a plurality of exhaust ports 13 are provided surrounding the rotor chamber 51. The exhaust ports extend into the valve housing 12 as shown at 13A.
  • each pressure chamber 19A, 19B includes two ports: a first port 35, 37 and a second port 36, 38.
  • the first and second ports of each chamber are located at opposite ends of the chamber.
  • an inner housing 30, as detailed in Figs. 11-13, is provided at the rear of the rotor chamber 51.
  • the inner housing 30 includes a plurality of openings 31-34 which allow pressurized air to pass from the valve housing 12 into ports 35-38.
  • Inner housing 30 also is provided with a bearing 72, having balls 73, to support the axle of the rotor 50 (not shown). Furthermore, inner housing 30 is provided with a circular lip 39, shown in detail in Figs. 12 and 13, which extends rearwardly into the valve housing 12 to rotatably direct the valve 20 as will be described below.
  • first ports 35, 37 of chambers 19A, 19B either alone or in combination, drive the rotor in a first direction (e.g., a forward clockwise direction as shown in Fig. 8) when pressurized air is directed therethrough from inner housing openings 31 and/or 33, respectively.
  • second ports 36, 38 drive the rotor in a second direction, either alone or in combination, (e.g., a reverse counterclockwise direction as shown in Fig. 8) when pressurized air is directed therethrough from inner housing openings 32 and/or 34, respectively.
  • the tool will be in an overdrive state.
  • a reverse and overdrive selection valve 20 is provided to determine which inner housing openings 31-34 and, hence, which pressure chamber ports 35-38 receive pressurized air from valve housing 12.
  • the valve for a two chambered motor can take a variety of forms without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • the valve 20 includes a rotatable planar element 18 including apertured raised areas 21 and a handle extension 29. As shown in Figs. 2-4, the valve 20 rotatably sits in a valve housing manifold 70 of the valve housing 12. A seal 100 seals the planar element 18 inside the valve housing manifold 70 and a seal 110 seals the handle extension 29 inside a handle bore 74 on the rear of the valve housing 12. With the valve housing manifold 70 sealed by the seals 100, 110, the valve housing can receive pressurized air via opening 14 to be directed to the rotor 50 via the inner housing 30 and valve 20. So that an operator can adjust the valve, the, handle extension 29, on a face external of the valve housing, includes the before mentioned handle 22 for turning of the valve.
  • each apertured raised area 21 on the valve 20 includes one aperture 25-27 that extends through the planar element 18 and raised area 21.
  • the apertures 25-27 are alignable with inner housing openings 31-34 to selectively deliver pressurized air through inner housing openings 31-34 to selective ports 35-38.
  • at least one aperture 27 is positioned such that the valve may be located to align that aperture with one of the ports 35-38.
  • At least two apertures 25, 26 are provided on opposite sides and equidistant from the axis of the valve. For instance, as shown in Fig. 3, in the reverse overdrive position, valve apertures 25, 26 are aligned with inner housing apertures 32, 34, respectively, to deliver pressurized air to second ports 36, 38.
  • the valve 20 of Fig. 5 allows for a certain location of the valve by laying the raised aperture areas 21 in a general y-shape.
  • the valve 120 includes four apertures 125-128 laid out in a general Y-shape with the fourth aperture laid out equidistant between upper branches of the Y-shape (i.e., ⁇ or peace sign lay out).
  • the valve 220 includes three apertures 225-227 laid out in a general T-shape.
  • the valve 20 shown in Fig. 5 is capable of positioning in at least four positions, for example: a first position in which valve aperture 27 is in pneumatic communication with inner housing opening 31 to drive the motor in the forward direction via first port 35; a second position in which valve aperture 27 is in pneumatic communication with inner housing opening 34 to drive the motor in a reverse direction via second port 38; a third position in which valve apertures 25 and 26 are in pneumatic communication with inner housing apertures 32, 34 to drive the motor in a reverse overdrive direction via second ports 36, 38; and a fourth position in which valve apertures 25 and 26 are in pneumatic communication with inner housing apertures 31, 33 to drive the motor in a forward overdrive direction via first ports 35, 37.
  • Figures 8 and 10 illustrate that the motor in accordance with the present invention may include more than two chambers - each chamber including a first and second port. As is clear from Fig. 10, all of the first ports and all of the second ports are equidistant around the rotor chamber (all first ports are separated by 120 degrees and all second ports are separated by 120 degrees).
  • the rotary valve for use with a three chambered motor includes three sets of apertures: (1) 327; (2) 325, 326; and (3) 328-330.
  • the set of apertures 328-330 are positioned equidistant (separated by 120 degrees) so that all chambers, for either a forward or reverse direction, can receive pressurized air when the valve is positioned in the proper location (full overdrive).
  • the apertures 325, 326 are positioned 120 degrees from each other around the valve so that two chambers, for either a forward or reverse direction, can receive pressurized air (intermediate overdrive).
  • the third aperture 327 is positioned so that one chamber can receive pressurized air.
  • Each set of apertures 327; 325, 326; and 328-330 are positioned so as not to interfere with operation of another set of apertures.
  • the apertures of a given set are selected to provide pressurized air to one, two or three of the ports
  • the apertures not within the given set are positioned so that they do not provide pressurized air to any of the other ports.
  • the valve is capable of being positioned in at least six positions: a first position allowing flow to the first port of any one of the pressure chambers; a second position allowing flow to the second port of any one of the pressure chambers; a third position allowing flow to the first port of any two of the pressure chambers; a fourth position allowing flow to the second port of any two of the pressure chambers; a fifth position allowing flow to the first port of all of the pressure chambers; and a sixth position allowing flow to the second port of all of the pressure chambers.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
  • Multiple-Way Valves (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Fluid-Driven Valves (AREA)
EP98107828A 1997-05-07 1998-04-29 Outil pneumatique comprenant valve d'inversion avec dispositif à surmultiplier Expired - Lifetime EP0876883B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US852785 1992-03-17
US85278597A 1997-05-07 1997-05-07

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0876883A2 true EP0876883A2 (fr) 1998-11-11
EP0876883A3 EP0876883A3 (fr) 2003-04-02
EP0876883B1 EP0876883B1 (fr) 2006-05-24

Family

ID=25314214

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98107828A Expired - Lifetime EP0876883B1 (fr) 1997-05-07 1998-04-29 Outil pneumatique comprenant valve d'inversion avec dispositif à surmultiplier

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0876883B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH10329050A (fr)
KR (1) KR100553582B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1071173C (fr)
BR (1) BR9801583A (fr)
CA (1) CA2236356C (fr)
DE (1) DE69834597T2 (fr)
TW (1) TW401332B (fr)
ZA (1) ZA983897B (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001054865A3 (fr) * 2000-01-27 2002-02-14 S P Air Kk Outil rotatif pneumatique
WO2002058893A1 (fr) * 2001-01-24 2002-08-01 Bayly Design Associates Pty Ltd Outil mecanique
US6796386B2 (en) 2000-09-08 2004-09-28 S.P. Air Kabusiki Kaisha Pneumatic rotary tool
US6880645B2 (en) 2002-06-14 2005-04-19 S.P. Air Kabusiki Kaisha Pneumatic rotary tool
AU2002226192B2 (en) * 2001-01-24 2006-07-20 Demain Technology Pty Ltd Power tool
EP1738876A1 (fr) * 2005-06-30 2007-01-03 Mighty Seven International Co., Ltd. Outil pneumatique

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6158528A (en) * 2000-01-27 2000-12-12 S.P. Air Kabusiki Kaisha Hand-held pneumatic rotary drive device
JP3996475B2 (ja) * 2002-09-13 2007-10-24 株式会社信濃製作所 エアインパクトレンチ
JP4396214B2 (ja) * 2003-10-14 2010-01-13 日立工機株式会社 圧縮空気ねじ締め機
DE102007030644A1 (de) * 2007-07-02 2009-01-08 Gustav Klauke Gmbh Hydraulisch betätigbares Handwerkzeug
TWI477367B (zh) * 2014-03-06 2015-03-21 Chang Wei Ting Pneumatic tool commutation control structure
CN105983948A (zh) * 2015-02-13 2016-10-05 张玮庭 气动工具换向控制结构

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3472323A (en) * 1967-10-24 1969-10-14 Robert M Hall Pneumatically driven surgical instrument
US3618633A (en) * 1970-01-12 1971-11-09 Ingersoll Rand Co Reverse valve for pneumatic tool
US3833068A (en) * 1973-07-26 1974-09-03 Automotive Ind Marketing Corp Controlled power pneumatic impact wrench
US3989113A (en) * 1975-08-25 1976-11-02 Chicago Pneumatic Tool Company Pneumatic tool having a reverse air control valve with an integral regulator
SE423500B (sv) * 1980-09-19 1982-05-10 Atlas Copco Ab Reverserbart tryckfluidumverktyg
US4962787A (en) * 1989-03-17 1990-10-16 Ingersoll-Rand Company Fluid flow reversing and regulating ring
US5293747A (en) * 1992-07-27 1994-03-15 Ingersoll-Rand Company Power regulator for a pressure fluid motor
JP2537968Y2 (ja) * 1992-12-10 1997-06-04 株式会社空研 インパクトレンチにおけるレギュレータの構造
SE503847C2 (sv) * 1994-10-10 1996-09-16 Atlas Copco Tools Ab Handtag till ett pneumatiskt kraftverktyg

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001054865A3 (fr) * 2000-01-27 2002-02-14 S P Air Kk Outil rotatif pneumatique
US7404450B2 (en) 2000-01-27 2008-07-29 S.P. Air Kabusiki Kaisha Pneumatic rotary tool
US6796386B2 (en) 2000-09-08 2004-09-28 S.P. Air Kabusiki Kaisha Pneumatic rotary tool
WO2002058893A1 (fr) * 2001-01-24 2002-08-01 Bayly Design Associates Pty Ltd Outil mecanique
US7021400B2 (en) 2001-01-24 2006-04-04 Bayly Design Associates Pty. Ltd. Power Tool
AU2002226192B2 (en) * 2001-01-24 2006-07-20 Demain Technology Pty Ltd Power tool
US6880645B2 (en) 2002-06-14 2005-04-19 S.P. Air Kabusiki Kaisha Pneumatic rotary tool
EP1738876A1 (fr) * 2005-06-30 2007-01-03 Mighty Seven International Co., Ltd. Outil pneumatique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0876883B1 (fr) 2006-05-24
KR19980086813A (ko) 1998-12-05
BR9801583A (pt) 1999-06-29
EP0876883A3 (fr) 2003-04-02
CA2236356C (fr) 2005-11-29
CA2236356A1 (fr) 1998-11-07
CN1071173C (zh) 2001-09-19
KR100553582B1 (ko) 2006-05-23
DE69834597D1 (de) 2006-06-29
DE69834597T2 (de) 2007-04-26
CN1205931A (zh) 1999-01-27
ZA983897B (en) 2000-01-13
TW401332B (en) 2000-08-11
JPH10329050A (ja) 1998-12-15

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