EP0886252A1 - Optischer Rauchmelder nach dem Extinktionsprinzip - Google Patents
Optischer Rauchmelder nach dem Extinktionsprinzip Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0886252A1 EP0886252A1 EP97109747A EP97109747A EP0886252A1 EP 0886252 A1 EP0886252 A1 EP 0886252A1 EP 97109747 A EP97109747 A EP 97109747A EP 97109747 A EP97109747 A EP 97109747A EP 0886252 A1 EP0886252 A1 EP 0886252A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- receiver
- light source
- smoke detector
- current
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
- G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical smoke detector based on the extinction principle, with a light source, with one acted upon by the light source and one Measuring section having measuring receiver, with a light source acting on it and a reference link having a reference receiver, and with one to said Receiver connected evaluation circuit.
- the extinction measurement method uses a beam of light through the ambient air and thus any smoke accessible measurement section and through the The non-accessible reference route is sent and the two received signals compared with each other. Since both the light scattering on the smoke particles as well absorption by this also contributes to extinction and the light from bright particles scattered and absorbed by dark particles has the extinction measurement method and is a relatively uniform sensitivity to different smoke particles for the detection of smoldering fires (light particles) and open fires (dark particles) equally suitable.
- Smoke detectors based on the extinction principle are mainly used for monitoring long measuring distances, such as in tunnels or warehouses, used and exist from two separate parts, housed in separate housings are.
- One housing contains the light source and light receiver and the other contains a reflector that reflects the beam emitted by the light source onto the receiver.
- the light receiver emits an electrical signal with a predetermined Threshold value is compared.
- a typical threshold is 4% / m absorbance or 96% / m of the reference transmission, the transmission being referred to as reference transmission at a reference point in time.
- the invention is now to provide a point detector based on the extinction principle of high stability against changes in the parameters of the components, such as tolerances, aging and temperature coefficient, which prevents changes in Distribution of light intensity on the measurement and the reference path is immune, and the has the most compact possible structure.
- this object is achieved in that the measurement receiver and the Identical reference receiver and the optical paths of the measuring and reference path are designed so that the two receivers receive the same amount of radiation from the Light source received that from the current signal of the reference receiver and from the Current signal of the measuring receiver, a difference signal is formed and the evaluation circuit is supplied, and that a zero compensation of this difference signal takes place.
- a first preferred embodiment of the smoke detector according to the invention is thereby characterized in that the current signal of the reference receiver is a reference current is superimposed and that the light source is connected to and from a control loop is regulated so that complete compensation of the reference current by the Photo stream of the reference receiver takes place.
- a second preferred embodiment of the smoke detector according to the invention is characterized by tracking the regulation of the zero compensation of the difference signal.
- the tracking of the zero compensation control ensures that that in the normal operating state the current signals of both light receivers are adjusted to zero, even if the two light receivers do not perfect temperature uniformity and no identical manufacturing tolerances.
- the block diagram shown in the figure of an optical smoke detector according to The principle of extinction essentially shows the optoelectronics and the electronics of the detector; the mechanical parts known from other point detectors, such as detector bases, Detector insert and detector hood are not shown.
- the smoke detector essentially consists of a preferably by a light-emitting diode (LED) formed light source 1, from an ambient air shielded reference path 2 and a measuring path accessible to the ambient air 3, from one of the light pulses of the light source 1 after passing through the reference path 2 acted upon reference receiver 4, from one of the light pulses of the light source 1 after passing through the measuring section 3, the measuring receiver 5, and off an evaluation circuit 6 connected to the two receivers 4, 5.
- LED light-emitting diode
- the reference receiver 4 and the measurement receiver 5 are identical photodiodes, the based on a corresponding design of the reference path 2 and the measuring path 3 formed optical paths the same amount of radiation from the light source 1 receive.
- the radiation from the light source 1 is in the two receivers 4 and 5 triggered photo streams of the same size and the difference between these two photo streams remains zero until the optical properties of the measurement section 3 remain External influence, for example, caused by smoke particles entering the measuring section will.
- the difference in photo currents is no longer zero but increases in proportion to the turbidity or extinction.
- the evaluation circuit 6 contains a digital control stage 7, which receives its clock from a clock generator 8, and which is connected to a timer 9 and a modulator 10 connected upstream of the light source 1, as well as a controller 11.
- the modulator 10 performs a suitable modulation of the radiation emitted by the light source 1. This radiation preferably consists of a continuous series of pulses and pulse pauses, so that the reference path 2 and the measuring path 3 are irradiated with pulsating infrared light.
- the regulator 11 is connected to a reference voltage source 12 and supplies a reference voltage U ref from it .
- a rectangular current signal I k is superimposed on the output signal I r of the reference receiver 4 via a switch 13 controlled by the control stage 7 and a resistor 14, and the resulting current signal I * is fed to a current / voltage converter 15 and converted into a voltage.
- the height of the square-wave pulses supplied via the switch 13 is determined by the reference voltage U ref and the size of the resistor 14, which are both very stable values.
- the voltage generated in the current / voltage converter 15 is freed of DC voltage components and undesired frequencies in a filter 16, and the output signal of the filter 16, which is largely free of interference in this way, is alternately fed to one of two memories 18 and 18 'via a switch 17.
- the switch 17 is controlled by the control stage 7 so that that supplied by the filter 16 Signal during the transmission duration of the pulses emitted by the light source 1 Radiation to the one memory, for example to the memory 18, and during the Duration of the pulse pauses to the other memory, for example to the memory 18 ' becomes.
- the switch 17 is preferably formed by a controlled switch.
- the memory 18 the signal during the transmission period, that is, the signal I * formed from the signal I r of the reference receiver 4 and from the current pulses I k supplied via the switch 13 and the resistor 14, as well as residues of interference signals, and the memory 18 ' Signal from the time of the pulse pauses, that is to say only interference signals, can be eliminated by simply forming the difference between the signals of the two memories 18 and 18 'in a subtraction stage 19 connected to them.
- the useful signal S r obtained by the difference formation in stage 19 of the reference receiver 4 is fed to the modulator 10 controlled by the digital control stage 7, which regulates the level of the light pulses emitted by the light source 1 in such a way that the photo current I r generated by the reference receiver 4 is accurate compensates the current pulses I k supplied by the switch 13 via the resistor 14, so that the current I * is equal to zero.
- this circuit guarantees compliance with a maximum control deviation from the photocurrent in the order of ppm.
- the output signal I m of the measuring receiver 5 is subtracted from the output signal I r of the reference receiver 4 and the difference signal ⁇ I of the two currents I r and I m obtained thereby is fed to a current / voltage converter 20 and converted by this into a voltage.
- This voltage is freed of DC voltage components and undesired frequencies in a filter 21, and the output signal of the filter 21, which is largely free of interference in this way, is alternately fed to one of two memories 23 and 23 'via a switch 22.
- the switch 22 is controlled by the control stage 7 so that the one supplied by the filter 21 Signal during the transmission duration of the pulses emitted by the light source 1 Radiation to the one memory, for example to the memory 23, and during the Duration of the pulse pauses to the other memory, for example to the memory 23 ' becomes.
- the switch 22 is preferably formed by a controlled switch.
- the memory 23 receives the signal during the transmission period, that is from the output signal of the current / voltage converter 20 formed signal and residues of interference signals, and the memory 23 'the signal from the time of the pulse pauses, that is to say only residual interference signals contains, by simply forming the difference in the signals of the two Memory 23 and 23 'in a subtractor 24 downstream of the memory Interference signals are eliminated.
- the controller 11, a switch or modulator 29 and a filter 25 are connected to the output of stage 24, all of which are supplied with the useful signal S m .
- the useful signal S m Via the switch 29, the useful signal S m reaches a resistor 32, which converts the voltage S m into a current I k '. This current is superimposed on the current ⁇ I and, together with it, is led to the input of the current / voltage converter 20.
- a control loop with negative feedback - negative feedback is formed, as a result of which the differential signal ⁇ I is zero-compensated.
- the filter 25 is followed by a comparator 26 which, at a predetermined level of the useful signal S m, emits an alarm signal to an alarm output 27 of the detector.
- This alarm signal can be further evaluated, for example checked for plausibility, what can be done in the detector or in the control center, or it is passed without further processing to a control center, where the alarm is then triggered.
- a relay 28 is also provided, the contacts of which enable a potential-free evaluation of the alarm signal.
- the difference signal ⁇ I of the photocurrents I r and I m of the reference receiver 4 and the measurement receiver 5 will be zero only rarely and at most only for a certain time, so that the desired high stability and immunity of the detector to changes in the parameters of the Components or against changes in the distribution of light intensity on the measurement and reference path is usually not achieved.
- the controller 11 is assigned a further switch 32 which, after the Supply voltage to the detector after a start time specified by the timer 9 changes the control behavior so that a very slow fire, a so-called Smoldering fire is detected with certainty.
- the controller 29 for the reliable detection of extreme Slowly occurring smoldering fires, it is advantageous to use the controller 29 as a digital controller to train, for example to implement in a microprocessor.
- the described point detector based on the extinction principle is characterized by a high stability against drift and aging caused by individual components due to a high immunity to changes in the distribution of light intensity in the two optical paths, measuring and reference path.
- the high stability against drift and the high immunity to changes in the Distribution of the light intensity are controlled by the light source and by MKessing method achieved with zero compensation, the insensitivity to Deposits on the measuring receiver through tracking with the controller 11.
- the stability, immunity and insensitivity mentioned enable the application of the extinction principle in a point detector, and this extinction point detector has Compared to the known scattered light detectors, it has the advantage that it can both open fire as well as smoldering fires very well detected. This is because the extinction process both on the light scattering on bright smoke particles (smoldering fires) and on the Absorption of light by dark smoke particles (open fires) responds very well.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- Optischer Rauchmelder nach dem Extinktionsprinzip, mit einer Lichtquelle (1), mit einer von der Lichtquelle (1) beaufschlagten und einen Messempfänger (5) aufweisenden Messstrecke (3), mit einer von der Lichtquelle (1) beaufschlagten und einen Referenzempfänger (4) aufweisenden Referenzstrecke (2), und mit einer an die genannten Empfänger angeschlossenen Auswerteschaltung (6), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Messempfänger (5) und der Referenzempfänger (4) baugleich und die optischen Pfade von Mess- und Referenzstrecke (3 bzw. 2) so ausgebildet sind, dass die beiden Empfänger (5, 4) die gleiche Menge von Strahlung der Lichtquelle (1) empfangen, dass aus dem Stromsignal (Ir) des Referenzempfängers (4) und aus dem Stromsignal (Im) des Messempfängers (5) ein Differenzsignal (ΔI) gebildet und der Auswerteschaltung (6) zugeführt wird, und dass eine Nullkompensation des Differenzsignals (ΔI) erfolgt.
- Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Stromsignal (Ir) des Referenzempfängers (4) ein Referenzstrom (Ik) überlagert ist, und dass die Lichtquelle (1) an einen Regelkreis angeschlossen und von diesem so geregelt ist, dass eine vollständige Kompensation des Referenzstroms (Ik) durch den Fotostrom (Ir) des Referenzempfängers (4) erfolgt.
- Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, gekennzeichnet durch eine Nachführung der Regelung der Nullkompensation des Differenzsignals (ΔI).
- Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Nullkompensation des Differenzsignals (ΔI) durch Überlagerung des Differenzsignals (ΔI) mit einem aus dem Nutzsignal (Sm) des Messempfängers (5) abgeleiteten ersten Kompensationssignal (Ik') erfolgt.
- Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das genannte Nutzsignal (Sm) in einer Regelschlaufe an den entsprechenden Eingang der Auswerteschaltung (6) zurückgeführt ist.
- Rauchmelder nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Nachführung durch Überlagerung des Differenzsignals (ΔI) mit einem zweiten Kompensationssignal (Ik'') erfolgt, wobei diese Überlagerung durch einen Regler (11) so gesteuert ist, dass der dem betreffenden Eingang der Auswerteschaltung (6) zugeführte resultierende Strom gleich null ist.
- Rauchmelder nach den Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Auswerteschaltung (6) einen an eine Steuerstufe (7) angeschlossenen Modulator (10) zur impulsförmigen Modulation der Lichtquelle (1) und drei an die Steuerstufe (7) angeschlossene Schalter (13, 29, 30) zur Überlagerung des Stromsignals (Ir) des Referenzempfängers (4) mit dem Referenzsignal (Ik) beziehungsweise des Differenzsignals (ΔI) mit dem ersten und dem zweiten Kompensationssignal (Ik' bzw. Ik'') aufweist.
- Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das aus dem Stromsignal (Ir) des Referenzempfängers (4) und dem Referenzsignal (Ik) gebildete Signal (I*) über eine an die Steuerstufe (7) angeschlossene, gesteuerte erste Weiche (17) zwei Speichern (18, 18') zugeführt, dass den Speichern eine Subtrahierstufe (19) nachgeschaltet, und dass der Ausgang der Subtrahierstufe mit dem Modulator (10) verbunden ist.
- Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das aus dem Differenzsignal (ΔI) und den diesem überlagerten beiden Kompensationssignalen (Ik', Ik'') gebildete Signal über eine an die Steuerstufe (7) angeschlossene, gesteuerte zweite Weiche (22) zwei Speichern (23, 23') zugeführt, dass den Speichern eine Subtrahierstufe (24) nachgeschaltet, und dass der Ausgang der Subtrahierstufe mit einem Alarmausgang (27) des Melders, mit einem Regler (11) und mit dem zur Überlagerung des ersten Kompensationssignals (Ik') vorgesehenen Schalter (29) verbunden ist.
- Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden aus dem Stromsignal (Ir) des Referenzempfängers (4) und dem diesem überlagerten Referenzsignal (Ik) einerseits und aus dem Differenzsignal (ΔI) und den diesem überlagerten Kompensationssignalen (Ik', Ik'') andererseits gebildeten Signale ihren Speichern (18, 18'; 23, 23') über die jeweilige Weiche (17 bzw. 22) synchron mit der Modulation der Lichtquelle (1) zugeführt sind, so dass in dem einen Speicher (18, 23) eine Speicherung der Signale über die Impulsdauer und in dem anderen (18', 23') eine Speicherung über die Impulslücken erfolgt.
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES97109747T ES2163069T3 (es) | 1997-06-16 | 1997-06-16 | Detector de humo optico segun el principio de extincion. |
| DE59704302T DE59704302D1 (de) | 1997-06-16 | 1997-06-16 | Optischer Rauchmelder nach dem Extinktionsprinzip |
| EP97109747A EP0886252B1 (de) | 1997-06-16 | 1997-06-16 | Optischer Rauchmelder nach dem Extinktionsprinzip |
| AT97109747T ATE204400T1 (de) | 1997-06-16 | 1997-06-16 | Optischer rauchmelder nach dem extinktionsprinzip |
| US09/096,304 US5872634A (en) | 1997-06-16 | 1998-06-12 | Optical smoke detector operating in accordance with the extinction principle |
| CN98109852.5A CN1203405A (zh) | 1997-06-16 | 1998-06-15 | 消光光学烟雾报警器 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97109747A EP0886252B1 (de) | 1997-06-16 | 1997-06-16 | Optischer Rauchmelder nach dem Extinktionsprinzip |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0886252A1 true EP0886252A1 (de) | 1998-12-23 |
| EP0886252B1 EP0886252B1 (de) | 2001-08-16 |
Family
ID=8226920
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97109747A Expired - Lifetime EP0886252B1 (de) | 1997-06-16 | 1997-06-16 | Optischer Rauchmelder nach dem Extinktionsprinzip |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5872634A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0886252B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1203405A (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE204400T1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE59704302D1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2163069T3 (de) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19902319B4 (de) * | 1999-01-21 | 2011-06-30 | Novar GmbH, Albstadt-Ebingen Zweigniederlassung Neuss, 41469 | Streulichtbrandmelder |
| EP3131073A1 (de) * | 2015-08-13 | 2017-02-15 | Siemens Schweiz AG | Rauchdetektionseinheit mit leuchtdiode und photoempfänger, und mit einem in der leuchtdiode angeordneten led-chip und photosensor zur bestimmung eines alterungsgrads und/oder eines lichtstromkompensationswerts, sowie eine leuchtdiode |
| EP3457369A1 (de) | 2017-09-19 | 2019-03-20 | ELMOS Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft | Schaltungsanordnung für einen rauchsensor |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0987663A1 (de) | 1998-09-14 | 2000-03-22 | Siemens Building Technologies AG | Optischer Rauchmelder nach dem Extinktionsprinzip und Verfahren zur Kompensation von dessen Temperaturdrift |
| EP1783712B1 (de) * | 2005-11-04 | 2008-05-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Kombinierter Streulicht- und Extinktionsbrandmelder |
| US8552355B2 (en) * | 2008-04-24 | 2013-10-08 | Panasonic Corporation | Smoke sensor including a current to voltage circuit having a low frequency correction means to produce a correction current |
| US8289178B2 (en) * | 2010-01-18 | 2012-10-16 | Volution | Electro/optical smoke analyzer |
| CN107478552B (zh) * | 2016-06-07 | 2023-09-15 | 宁波方太厨具有限公司 | 油烟浓度传感器及其油烟浓度检测装置和检测方法 |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH642473A5 (en) * | 1978-12-19 | 1984-04-13 | Cerberus Ag | Smoke detector |
| US4838698A (en) * | 1986-04-07 | 1989-06-13 | Hochiki Corp. | Extinction type detector |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH683464A5 (de) * | 1991-09-06 | 1994-03-15 | Cerberus Ag | Optischer Rauchmelder mit aktiver Ueberwachung. |
| US5751216A (en) * | 1994-09-27 | 1998-05-12 | Hochiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Projected beam-type smoke detector and receiving unit |
| EP0733894B1 (de) * | 1995-03-24 | 2003-05-07 | Nohmi Bosai Ltd. | Sensor zur Feststellung feiner Teilchen wie Rauch |
-
1997
- 1997-06-16 EP EP97109747A patent/EP0886252B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-16 AT AT97109747T patent/ATE204400T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-06-16 DE DE59704302T patent/DE59704302D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-06-16 ES ES97109747T patent/ES2163069T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-06-12 US US09/096,304 patent/US5872634A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-06-15 CN CN98109852.5A patent/CN1203405A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH642473A5 (en) * | 1978-12-19 | 1984-04-13 | Cerberus Ag | Smoke detector |
| US4838698A (en) * | 1986-04-07 | 1989-06-13 | Hochiki Corp. | Extinction type detector |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19902319B4 (de) * | 1999-01-21 | 2011-06-30 | Novar GmbH, Albstadt-Ebingen Zweigniederlassung Neuss, 41469 | Streulichtbrandmelder |
| EP3131073A1 (de) * | 2015-08-13 | 2017-02-15 | Siemens Schweiz AG | Rauchdetektionseinheit mit leuchtdiode und photoempfänger, und mit einem in der leuchtdiode angeordneten led-chip und photosensor zur bestimmung eines alterungsgrads und/oder eines lichtstromkompensationswerts, sowie eine leuchtdiode |
| US9666049B2 (en) | 2015-08-13 | 2017-05-30 | Siemens Schweiz Ag | Smoke detection unit with light-emitting diode and photo-detector, and with an LED chip arranged in the light-emitting diode and with a photosensor for determining a degree of aging and/or a compensation value for a light current, as well as a light-emitting diode |
| EP3457369A1 (de) | 2017-09-19 | 2019-03-20 | ELMOS Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft | Schaltungsanordnung für einen rauchsensor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2163069T3 (es) | 2002-01-16 |
| US5872634A (en) | 1999-02-16 |
| EP0886252B1 (de) | 2001-08-16 |
| ATE204400T1 (de) | 2001-09-15 |
| CN1203405A (zh) | 1998-12-30 |
| DE59704302D1 (de) | 2001-09-20 |
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