EP0892875B1 - Ameliorations apportees a des blocs de construction et ameliorations connexes - Google Patents

Ameliorations apportees a des blocs de construction et ameliorations connexes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0892875B1
EP0892875B1 EP97916525A EP97916525A EP0892875B1 EP 0892875 B1 EP0892875 B1 EP 0892875B1 EP 97916525 A EP97916525 A EP 97916525A EP 97916525 A EP97916525 A EP 97916525A EP 0892875 B1 EP0892875 B1 EP 0892875B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
block
blocks
recess
nib
principal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97916525A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0892875A1 (fr
Inventor
Michael David Clark
Lynda Susan Clark
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Individual
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/28—Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid
    • E04B2/30—Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid using elements having specially designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls
    • E04B2/32—Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid using elements having specially designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/28—Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid
    • E04B2/36—Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid using elements having a general shape differing from that of a parallelepiped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0232—Undercut connections, e.g. using undercut tongues and grooves
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0265—Building elements for making arcuate walls

Definitions

  • This invention concerns improvements in and relating to building blocks.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a voided building block with a uniform transverse section which can be produced by conventional extrusion and pressing processes and which allows like blocks to interlock without requiring a bonding agent.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a building block that can be used to construct structures of variable alignment wherein internal voids can be filled with granular material as construction proceeds.
  • Such structures include free standing walls, retaining walls and facings to reinforced soil embankments and have blocks disposed in substantially horizontal courses with vertical joints between units in adjacent courses offset one to the other and blocks disposed in substantially vertical columns with horizontal joints between units in adjacent columns offset one to the other.
  • Interlockable precast concrete blocks and bricks of uniform transverse section are known in a variety of shapes to suit particular building purposes.
  • Such blocks are in general provided with a projection and corresponding recess in opposed bearing surfaces.
  • Blocks and bricks wherein the width of the projection is constant or decreases outwardly from the adjacent bearing surface link together by placing one block on top of a like block so that the nib of the one fits into the recess of the other.
  • the joint thus formed can resist lateral displacement only.
  • Blocks and bricks wherein the width of the projection increases outwardly from the adjacent bearing surface link together by axially projecting the nib of one block into the recess of a like block.
  • Such joints are sometimes referred to as dovetail joints and resist both lateral and vertical displacement.
  • interlocking building blocks with a uniform transverse section are known from German Patent DE 29 21 489, United States Patent 4,490,075, and UK Patent 827,508 and each has corresponding projections and grooves in opposed bearing surfaces wherein like blocks interlock by placing one block on top of another.
  • Such blocks can readily be removed from any structure constructed therefrom unless a bonding agent is introduced within the joints.
  • Building bricks are also known from UK Patent 540,561 wherein a solid brick is provided with a centrally located dovetailed projection in its upper bearing surface and a corresponding dovetailed groove in its lower bearing surface which bearing surfaces are slightly inclined downwardly to the outermost surfaces thereof for drainage purposes only.
  • Bricks and blocks are also known from UK Patent 635,159 wherein a brick or block of trapezoidal transverse section is provided with a dovetailed projection and recess respectively within opposed bearing surfaces and wherein the projection is substantially smaller than the recess thus requiring mortar to achieve a strong joint.
  • the dovetailed projections and the grooves and recesses hitherto referred to each has side surfaces acutely angled to the adjacent bearing surface.
  • Document BE 513 780 A hints at a recess opening up into a hollow core, in order to save block weight. However, it leads away from any vertical interlock of the therein described building blocks.
  • the building block is characterised in that the chevron shaped section of the block is symmetrical about its principal vertical axis such that engagement of the nib of one block within the recess of a like block similarly oriented or rotated 180 degrees about its vertical axis results in a wall structure with aligned side surfaces.
  • the building block is characterised in that the side surfaces are of unequal height equally disposed about the principal horizontal axis and the apexes of the correspondingly angled higher and lower inverted V-shaped surfaces are centrally located within the said surfaces and are equally offset from the principal vertical axis towards the lower and higher side surfaces respectively such that on engagement of the nib of one block within the recess of a similarly oriented and like block a wall structure is formed with radial side surfaces and on engagement of the nib of one block within the recess of a like block rotated 180 degrees about its principal vertical axis a wall structure is formed with aligned side surfaces.
  • the building block is characterised in that the vertical side surfaces are of unequal height equally disposed about the principal horizontal axis and the apexes of the correspondingly angled upper and lower inverted V-shaped surfaces are equally offset from the principal vertical axis towards the higher and lower side surfaces respectively such that on engagement of the nib of one block within the recess of a similarly oriented and like block a wall structure is formed with stepped side surfaces and on engagement of the nib of one block within the recess of a like block rotated 180 degrees about its principal vertical axis a wall structure is formed with aligned side surfaces.
  • the building block is characterised in that at least one end surface is provided with two aligned truncated wedge shaped channels which outwardly increase in depth from the core of the block and are normal to and open into opposed side surfaces.
  • the block 20 is of uniform transverse section and has opposed parallel end faces 21 and 22 and parallel side surfaces 23 and 24.
  • the said side surfaces are of rectangular form and are normal to the end faces.
  • the inverted V-shaped upper surface 25 is provided with a nib 26 centrally located about the apex 29 of the upper surface and which nib has side faces 27 each projecting substantially normal to the said upper surface.
  • the inverted V-shaped lower surface 31 is provided with a recess 32 of complimentary shape to the nib 26. This recess is centrally located about the apex 30 of the lower surface and is further extended into the block thus to provide an internal void 33.
  • the block has a principal vertical axis 28 which is parallel to and equidistant from the side surfaces 23 and 24 and has a principal horizontal axis 35 which is normal to and bisects the said side surfaces.
  • a reference line 36 (shown dashed) passes through the points of intersection 37 and 38 of the upper surface 25 with the side surfaces 23 and 24 respectively.
  • a reference line 39 (shown dashed) passes through the points of intersection 40 and 41 of the lower surface 31 with the side surfaces 23 and 24 respectively.
  • the reference lines 36 and 39 are parallel as shown in Fig.1 or converge and intersect at a point 34 on the principal horizontal axis 35 as shown in Fig.5 and Fig.10.
  • Blocks according to any aspect of the invention can be extruded or moulded using concrete clay or any such extrudable or mouldable material and can be used in any orientation suitable for the purpose in hand.
  • Blocks can be provided with either one or both side faces having an exposed aggregate finish achieved by moulding or extruding two or more units together with like sides joined and thereafter cleaving the multiple unit.
  • Side surfaces can also be provided with ribbed or other decorative features.
  • Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 refer to one form of the invention wherein the block 20 has a uniform transverse section symmetrical about the principal vertical axis 28 which passes through the apex 29 of the upper surface 25 and through the apex 30 of the lower surface 31.
  • the sides 23 and 24 are of equal height and are equally disposed about the principal horizontal axis 35.
  • Blocks link together by locating the nib 26 of one block 20 within the recess 30 of an adjacent block 20 of like orientation or rotated through 180 degrees about the principal vertical axis 28 resulting in a structure as per Fig.2 wherein the sides of adjacent blocks are aligned.
  • Figures 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 refer to a form of the block 20 which has an asymmetrical uniform transverse section and wherein the sides 23 and 24 are of unequal height equally disposed about the principal horizontal axis 35.
  • the apex 29 of the upper surface 25 is offset from the principal vertical axis 28 towards the lower side 23 and the apex 30 of the lower surface 31 is equally offset towards the higher side 24.
  • Figures 10, 11, 12 and 13 refer to a form of the block which has an asymmetrical uniform transverse section wherein the sides 23 and 24 are of unequal height equally disposed about the principal horizontal axis 35.
  • the apex 29 of the upper surface is offset from the principal vertical axis 28 towards the higher side 24 and the apex 30 of the lower surface 31 is equally offset towards the lower side 23.
  • the block apex angle is defined as the angle formed between the outwardly sloping elements of the inverted V-shaped upper surface 25 and is equal to the angle formed between the outwardly sloping elements of the inverted V-shaped lower surface 31.
  • the blocks link together by aligning the nib 26 of one block with the recess 32 of the other and then moving one block in a downward vertical direction so that the said nib 26 and recess 32 engage.
  • the mechanical joint thus formed prevents lateral displacement of one block relative to the other.
  • the throat width of the nib is preferably slightly less than that of the recess.
  • the block angle is typically between 90 and 140 degrees and together with the height of the sides 27 to the nib 26 determines the difference in width between the throat and the head of the dovetail joint.
  • the shape of the upper surface(s) of the nib 26 is preferably domed but may be varied to suit manufacturing or design preferences.
  • the block is provided with a hollow core 33 which may extend as little as 3mm inwardly from the head of the dovetail recess 32 thus to ensure clearance to the nib of a linked block but preferably should occupy at least 15% of the block volume so that a useful saving in block weight may be achieved.
  • the hollow core preferably should have a width not greater than the head width of the recess 32 and should extend inwardly to the principal horizontal axis 35 at least.
  • the void which is formed when two like blocks are linked together may be filled with bound or loose aggregate during construction of a structure thus to provide additional mass for the structure and to provide anchorage for slotted earth reinforcement straps.
  • the relative heights of the sides of a block and the width of the block determine the angle by which one block is rotated relative to the other when two like blocks similarly oriented are linked together.
  • similarly oriented blocks of width 250mm with sides of heights 165mm and 209mm will be rotated by 10 degrees one to the other when linked together and 36 such blocks will thus form a cylindrical shaped structure with an extemal radius of 1.2m.
  • soil reinforcement fabric or mesh layers may be sandwiched between horizontal courses of blocks or tied to straps anchored between ends of blocks forming vertical columns of blocks.
  • a part structure constructed using blocks as in Fig.8 and Fig.9 has straps 43 of polymer or other suitably strong and durable material anchored within the structure by locating a strap with a locally thickened end within the channel 42 formed in one end of the block and drawing it into the wedge shaped recess which results when two like blocks are axially aligned and abut each other.
  • ends of lengths of fabric or mesh of uniform width may be anchored within vertical block joints one or more column widths apart thus providing pockets behind the wall face which can be filled with free draining granular material as construction of the wall proceeds to give the wall structure increased stability.
  • coursed wall construction blocks can be used with the recess 32 upward or downward facing and with blocks in courses abutting or spaced apart by an amount preferably not greater than three quarters of a normal block length.
  • Special recess closure blocks 44 can be provided so that a horizontal base can be formed more readily for a coursed wall structure such as shown in Fig.16 or to form a square end to a column type structure such as shown in Fig. 17.
  • Special blocks 45 can also be provided so that a horizontal cope can be formed to a coursed wall structure such as shown in Fig.16 or to form a square end to a column type structure such as shown in Fig.17.
  • Blocks can be provided in different lengths as required for the purpose in hand. Blocks of half normal block length can be used to provide a break in bond between adjacent courses or columns in a wall structure as shown in Figs.16 and 17 respectively.
  • Construction blocks according to the invention are extremely versatile and can be used in any application by unskilled labour.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Un bloc de construction (20) de section transversale uniforme en forme de chevron comprenant deux surfaces d'extrémité (21, 22), deux surfaces latérales (23, 24), une surface supérieure en forme de V renversé (25) et une surface inférieure complémentaire en forme de V renversé (31), comprenant de plus un tenon en queue d'aronde (26) et un renfoncement correspondant (32) situés respectivement de façon centrale autour des sommets (29) des surfaces supérieure et inférieure et s'étendant le long d'un axe longitudinal, dans lequel ledit tenon possède deux faces latérales (27), chacune étant sensiblement perpendiculaire à la portion adjacente de ladite surface supérieure en forme de V (25), et dans lequel lesdits tenon en queue d'aronde (26) et renfoncement correspondant (32) sont conformés de sorte que, lorsque le tenon d'un bloc est engagé à l'intérieur du renfoncement d'un autre bloc similaire, les blocs puissent glisser l'un par rapport à l'autre le long du dit axe longitudinal tout en empêchant la séparation verticale des blocs perpendiculairement au dit axe longitudinal ;
    caractérisé en ce que ledit renfoncement (32) s'ouvre sur une partie centrale creuse (33).
  2. Un bloc de construction selon la revendication 1, dans lequel lesdites surfaces d'extrémité (21, 22) et surfaces latérales (23, 24) sont verticales, les deux faces latérales du tenon (26) étant décalées de façon égale de chaque côté du sommet, et le renfoncement s'ouvrant sur la partie centrale creuse de sorte que, lorsque le tenon d'un bloc est engagé à l'intérieur du renfoncement d'un autre bloc similaire orienté de façon similaire ou tourné sur 180°, les blocs s'enclenchent l'un dans l'autre et constituent une structure murale possédant une partie centrale creuse (33) s'étendant de façon axiale.
  3. Un bloc de construction selon les revendications 1 ou 2 caractérisé en ce que les sommets (27) des surfaces supérieure et inférieure (25, 31) sont sur l'axe vertical principal de sorte que l'engagement du tenon en queue d'aronde (26) d'un bloc selon l'invention à l'intérieur du renfoncement complémentaire (32) d'un bloc similaire orienté de façon similaire ou tourné sur 180° autour de son axe vertical produise une structure murale dans laquelle les côtés de blocs sont alignés.
  4. Un bloc de construction selon les revendications 1 ou 2 caractérisé en ce qu'il possède des surfaces latérales verticales (23, 24) de hauteur inégale, chacune ayant pour bissectrice l'axe horizontal principal, et dans lequel le sommet de la surface supérieure (29) et le sommet de la surface inférieure (30) sont décalés de façon égale à partir de l'axe vertical principal en direction du côté le plus bas et en direction du côté le plus haut respectivement de sorte que lorsque le tenon d'un bloc est engagé à l'intérieur du renfoncement d'un bloc similaire et orienté de façon similaire, une structure murale soit construite, laquelle correspond à un alignement radial et, lorsque le tenon d'un tel bloc est engagé à l'intérieur du renfoncement d'un bloc similaire tourné de 180° autour de son axe vertical principal, une structure murale soit construite, laquelle correspond à un alignement droit.
  5. Un bloc de construction selon la revendication 1 ou 2 caractérisé en ce qu'il possède des surfaces latérales verticales (23, 24) de hauteur inégale, chacune ayant pour bissectrice l'axe horizontal principal, et dans lequel le sommet de la surface supérieure et le sommet de la surface inférieure sont décalés de façon égale à partir de l'axe vertical principal en direction du côté le plus haut et en direction du côté le plus bas respectivement de sorte que, lorsque le tenon d'un bloc est engagé à l'intérieur du renfoncement d'un bloc similaire et orienté de façon similaire, une structure murale soit construite, laquelle correspond à un alignement à gradins et, lorsque le tenon d'un tel bloc est engagé à l'intérieur du renfoncement d'un bloc similaire tourné de 180° autour de son axe vertical principal, une structure murale soit construite, laquelle correspond à un alignement droit.
  6. Un bloc de construction selon les revendications 3, 4 ou 5 caractérisé en ce qu'il possède au moins une surface d'extrémité (21, 22) munie de deux canaux tronqués et alignés en forme de coin (42), la profondeur de chacun augmentant vers l'extérieur à partir de la partie centrale du bloc et qui sont perpendiculaires aux surfaces latérales opposées sur lesquelles ils s'ouvrent constituant ainsi un renfoncement destiné à l'ancrage de liens de polymère, de brides ou autres moyens de fixation de ce type pour des structures de sol renforcées.
  7. Un bloc de construction selon les revendications 3, 4, 5 ou 6 caractérisé en ce que soit une soit les deux faces latérales (23, 24) possèdent un fini granulat exposé obtenu en moulant ou en extrudant au moins deux unités ensemble, leurs côtés similaires étant joints, et en fendant ensuite l'unité multiple.
  8. Un bloc de construction selon les revendications 3, 4, 5 ou 6 caractérisé en ce que soit une soit les deux faces latérales (23, 24) possèdent des caractéristiques nervurées ou d'autres caractéristiques décoratives.
  9. Une structure de construction construite en utilisant une pluralité de blocs (20) selon n'importe laquelle des revendications 1 à 8 caractérisée en ce que les blocs sont construits en rangées sensiblement horizontales et les joints verticaux entre des blocs dans des rangées adjacentes sont décalés latéralement les uns par rapport aux autres.
  10. Une structure de construction construite en utilisant une pluralité de blocs (20) selon n'importe laquelle des revendications 1 à 8 caractérisée en ce que les blocs sont construits l'un sur l'autre en colonnes sensiblement verticales et les joints horizontaux entre des blocs dans des colonnes adjacentes sont décalés verticalement les uns par rapport aux autres.
EP97916525A 1996-04-12 1997-04-10 Ameliorations apportees a des blocs de construction et ameliorations connexes Expired - Lifetime EP0892875B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9607611 1996-04-12
GBGB9607611.2A GB9607611D0 (en) 1996-04-12 1996-04-12 Improvements in and relating to building blocks
PCT/GB1997/000987 WO1997039199A1 (fr) 1996-04-12 1997-04-10 Ameliorations apportees a des blocs de construction et ameliorations connexes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0892875A1 EP0892875A1 (fr) 1999-01-27
EP0892875B1 true EP0892875B1 (fr) 1999-12-08

Family

ID=10791964

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97916525A Expired - Lifetime EP0892875B1 (fr) 1996-04-12 1997-04-10 Ameliorations apportees a des blocs de construction et ameliorations connexes

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0892875B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE187520T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2514797A (fr)
CA (1) CA2250992A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69700916D1 (fr)
GB (1) GB9607611D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997039199A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITVI980022A1 (it) * 1998-02-06 1999-08-06 Gruppo Effe 2 Spa Blocco in laterizio per la costruzione di muri portanti
FR2879693B1 (fr) * 2004-12-16 2007-04-06 Snecma Moteurs Sa Dispositif mecanique comprenant plusieurs pieces assemblees avec un positionnement relatif precis
ITCR20060003A1 (it) * 2006-02-16 2007-08-17 Giovanni Maja Elemento ad incastro per la costruzione di muri
GB2502783A (en) * 2012-06-06 2013-12-11 David Charles Mardel An interlocking block with vertical and horizontal engagement

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE513780A (fr) *
GB540561A (en) * 1940-05-14 1941-10-22 Courtney Clarke Whitling Interlocking bricks
FR936739A (fr) * 1945-08-14 1948-07-28 Ouvrage de maçonnerie comprenant des éléments en terre cuite ou autres, capables d'être différement combinés pour former des murs droits, ou bien des arcs ou des voûtes
GB8428191D0 (en) * 1984-11-08 1984-12-19 Crighton J W Building blocks
DE9404911U1 (de) * 1994-03-23 1994-07-28 Ehl-GmbH Baustoffwerk Kruft, 56642 Kruft Pfeilerförmige Betonelemente und Vorrichtung zu ihrer Herstellung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE187520T1 (de) 1999-12-15
WO1997039199A1 (fr) 1997-10-23
DE69700916D1 (de) 2000-01-13
GB9607611D0 (en) 1996-06-12
AU2514797A (en) 1997-11-07
EP0892875A1 (fr) 1999-01-27
CA2250992A1 (fr) 1997-10-23

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