EP0893365A1 - Behälter zur getrennten Aufbewahrung und Mischung von zwei Produkten, und Verfahren zur Herstellung dieses Behälters - Google Patents

Behälter zur getrennten Aufbewahrung und Mischung von zwei Produkten, und Verfahren zur Herstellung dieses Behälters Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0893365A1
EP0893365A1 EP98401727A EP98401727A EP0893365A1 EP 0893365 A1 EP0893365 A1 EP 0893365A1 EP 98401727 A EP98401727 A EP 98401727A EP 98401727 A EP98401727 A EP 98401727A EP 0893365 A1 EP0893365 A1 EP 0893365A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
containers
bottle
capsule
relative
rotation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98401727A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0893365B1 (de
Inventor
Nicolas Albisetti
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LOreal SA
Original Assignee
LOreal SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LOreal SA filed Critical LOreal SA
Publication of EP0893365A1 publication Critical patent/EP0893365A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0893365B1 publication Critical patent/EP0893365B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/32—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging two or more different materials which must be maintained separate prior to use in admixture
    • B65D81/3205—Separate rigid or semi-rigid containers joined to each other at their external surfaces
    • B65D81/3211—Separate rigid or semi-rigid containers joined to each other at their external surfaces coaxially and provided with means facilitating admixture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S215/00—Bottles and jars
    • Y10S215/08—Mixing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for separate packaging of two components, to be mixed during first use, and for the distribution of the mixture obtained.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a device of the type comprising two superimposed containers, which can rotate one by relationship with others and able to communicate.
  • the components are separated during storage by a obturator which has a plug connected by at least one bridge material forming a hinge to a holding member.
  • This type of device also includes means to transform the relative rotation of the two containers in a displacement of the cap causing the mixing of components.
  • one of the containers being consisting of an externally threaded neck bottle.
  • the organ of support is constituted by a crown inserted in this collar and taking support by an annular rim on its edge.
  • the other container is consisting of a capsule screwed onto the neck, comprising a chimney central to which the above-mentioned crown is applied.
  • the shutter has a cap closing the chimney during separate storage of components, connected by a hinge material bridge to the crowned.
  • the seal between the bottle and the capsule is ensured by the compression of the crown between the neck and the chimney.
  • the screwing of the capsule on the bottle causes the pivoting the cap and the communication of the capsule and the bottle.
  • the material bridge connecting the cap to the crown prevents the latter does not fall into the bottom of the bottle.
  • the crown must be pressed firmly between the chimney and the collar to obtain the required seal, which considerably slows down the screwing movement of the capsule, so that this device known is not easy to use.
  • the invention aims to propose an improved device, remedying especially to this drawback.
  • the device includes sealing means independent of the shutter to ensure the seal between the two containers.
  • these means sealing have an annular sealing lip formed on one of the containers and coming into tight contact with the other container.
  • one of the containers is in the form of a bottle comprising one opening and the other container is in the form of a capsule comprising an annular sealing lip which is applied tightly on the bottle.
  • the holding the shutter is in the form of a crown inserted into the opening of the bottle and locked against rotation with respect to to it, supported by an annular rim on a shoulder inside said opening, and the capsule has a chimney central extending inside the crown and in which is inserted the plug, the free edge of said chimney forming a ramp helical shaped to gradually press on the bridge hinge material during relative rotation of the two containers, so as to rotate the plug out of the chimney.
  • the ramp has notches in which breakable material bridges connecting the plug to the organ holding, so as to be broken during the relative rotation of the containers.
  • the crown is notched outwardly and it is immobilized in rotation in the opening of the bottle by complementary notches formed on the inner surface of the latter.
  • the holding member comprises a holding tab locked in rotation relative to the capsule, housed in an annular space formed between the capsule and the bottle, the latter on its inner surface a helical ramp on which comes to rest the holding tab, so that the relative rotation of the two containers tends to pull on it and move the plug to open the passage between the two containers.
  • the capsule has a notch in which houses the material bridge connecting the plug to the retaining tab, so as to block the cap in rotation relative to the capsule.
  • the holding member comprises a holding tab locked in rotation relative to the bottle and cooperating by screwing with the capsule.
  • the bottle has a groove in which is houses this holding tab, so that it is immobilized in rotation relative to the bottle while being able to move axially relative to it during the relative rotation of the containers.
  • the holding member is in the form of a blocked crown in rotation relative to the bottle, cooperating by screwing with the capsule.
  • the opening of the bottle can be constituted by a neck or by variant with an open bottom.
  • the conditioning device 1 shown in Figures 1 and 4 has a lower container 2 and an upper container 3 can rotate relative to each other about the axis longitudinal X of the device.
  • the lower container 2 is in the form of a bottle, whose neck 4 has an outer shoulder 5.
  • the upper container 3 is in the form of a capsule, the upper part of which is formed by a distribution 6 externally threaded, on which a cap 11.
  • the capsule 3 has at its lower part a chimney central 7 surrounded by a mounting skirt 8, which is provided on its radially inner surface of an annular bead snapped onto the aforementioned shoulder 5.
  • the lower edge of the mounting skirt 8 rests on the shoulder of the bottle located at the base of the neck 4, so that the capsule 3 is immobilized axially relative to the bottle 2.
  • the capsule 3 also has an annular lip seal 9 extending downward into the annular groove formed between the chimney 7 and the mounting skirt 8.
  • This sealing lip 9 which is symmetrical in revolution around the X axis, is applied tightly on the surface radially interior of the upper part 10 of the neck 4, cylindrical of revolution around the X axis, so as to ensure the seal between the capsule 3 and the bottle 2.
  • the capsule 3 is externally provided with ribs of gripping 21, intended to facilitate the handling of the device by the user.
  • the bottle 2 and the capsule 3 are intended to contain respectively two components A and B to be stored separately and mix during the first use.
  • Components A and B can be two liquids or a liquid and a powder.
  • Component A is for example an oxidant and component B a dye, the mixture M constitutes a hair dye.
  • a shutter 12 makes it possible to close the chimney 7 during the separate storage of components A and B.
  • this shutter 12 which has a plug 13 connected by a bridge material 14 forming a hinge to a holding member, which here in the form of a crown 15, extending inside from the neck 4 around the chimney 7.
  • the plug 13 has on its upper face a lip sealing ring 16 intended to be inserted in the chimney 7 for close it tightly.
  • the cap 13 comprises on its periphery a shoulder 13 is intended to bear against an inner shoulder of the shaft 7.
  • the crown 15 has at its upper end a rim annular 17, radially projecting outwards, intended for lean on an inner shoulder 22 of the neck 4, located under the sealing lip 9.
  • a plurality of notches 18 are formed on the surface radially outside of the crown 15 under the rim 17 and cooperate with complementary notches 19 formed on the neck 4 to rotationally block the crown 15 relative to the bottle 2.
  • the chimney 7 has a lower edge constituting a ramp helical 20 extending angularly around the X axis on a little more than half a turn.
  • the lower edge of the chimney 7 extends along a plane perpendicular to the X axis, located slightly at above the material bridge 14.
  • the capsule 3 and the bottle 2 are made of materials chemically compatible with components A and B.
  • the capsule 3 is made for example of polychloride of vinyl, the polyethylene bottle 2 and the shutter 12 in polypropylene.
  • the assembly of the device 1 is carried out as follows.
  • the capsule 3, provided with the cap 2, is filled with the component B then the plug 13 is inserted into the chimney 7.
  • the capsule 3 is then introduced by a simple movement of translation into the neck 4 of the bottle 2, previously filled with the component A.
  • the mounting skirt 8 then snaps onto the neck 4.
  • the user rotates the capsule 3 relative to the bottle 2 by about half a turn, in the direction which gradually brings the helical ramp 20 to press down on the material bridge 14.
  • Component B falls into bottle 2 and mixes with component A.
  • the stopper 13 is prevented from falling into the bottom of the bottle 2 through the material bridge 14, and does not hinder the flow of component B in the bottle.
  • the cap 13 is also not more likely to interfere with its flow.
  • the seal between the bottle 2 and the capsule 3 is ensured by the sealing lip 9, without resulting in significant braking of the rotational movement of the capsule 3 relative to the bottle 2.
  • the bottle 2 and the capsule 3 can be produced with relatively wide manufacturing tolerances.
  • a device 23 according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention which differs from the previous one by the shape of the shutter and that of the lower end of the central chimney.
  • the shutter of the device 23, referenced 12 ′, differs from the shutter 12 previously described by the fact that three bridges of breakable material 24 connect the plug 13 to the crown 15 in addition to the material bridge 14, as can be seen in FIG. 5.
  • the capsule of the device 23, referenced 3 ′, differs from the capsule 3 previously described by the shape of the lower end from the chimney, referenced 7 '.
  • Notches 25 are formed on the lower edge of this chimney 7 'for housing the material bridges 24 when the plug 13 closes the 3 'capsule.
  • the device 23 has the same advantages as the device 1 previously described.
  • FIG. 8 shows a device 26 conforming to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • This device 26 comprises an upper container 27 and a lower container 28 rotatable relative to each other around the longitudinal axis X of the device.
  • the upper container 27 is here in the form of a open bottle at its bottom and the bottom container 28 is consisting of a capsule forming a base, inserted into this opening from the bottle.
  • the bottle 27 has at its upper part a mouthpiece threaded distribution 29, closed by a removable cap 30.
  • a constriction 31 is formed at the bottom of the bottle 27, to define an outer shoulder 32 and a shoulder interior 33.
  • the base 28 has a central chimney 34 surrounded by a mounting skirt 35, which has an annular bead 36 coming from snap onto the above-mentioned outer shoulder 32.
  • An annular sealing lip 37 cylindrical of revolution around the X axis, and intended to be applied sealingly on the radially inner surface 38 of the lower part of the bottle 27, extends upwards between the chimney 34 and the mounting skirt 35.
  • a shutter 39 ensures separate storage of components A and B contained respectively in the bottle 27 and in the chimney 34 before the first use of the device 26.
  • This shutter 39 comprises a plug 40 connected by a bridge of material 41 forming a hinge to a crown 42, which is provided with its lower end of an annular rim 43 capable of taking support under the aforementioned inner shoulder 33.
  • Notches 44 are formed respectively on the crown 42 at vicinity of the annular rim 43 and on the constriction 31 to ensure immobilization in rotation of the crown 42 relative to the bottle 27.
  • the shutter 39 covers the chimney 34 when it is in its initial position.
  • the upper edge of the chimney 34 forms a helical ramp 69 allowing, when the base 28 is driven in rotation relative to the bottle 27, to gradually exert a push up on the material bridge 41 and cause the pivoting of the plug 40 upwards, the crown 42 being blocked axially by the support of the rim 43 under the shoulder 33.
  • the base 28 is rotated relative to to bottle 27 while keeping it at the bottom, because otherwise component A would be retained in the annular space located outside the chimney 34 and would only partially mix with component B.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 show a device 45 in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the invention.
  • This device 45 comprises a lower container constituted by a bottle 46 with a neck 47 and an upper container constituted by a capsule 48, which can rotate relative to the bottle 46.
  • the capsule 48 has a central chimney 49 surrounded by a mounting skirt 50 and, between the two, an annular lip seal 51.
  • a nozzle 52 for the distribution of the mixture M is formed at the upper end of the capsule 48. This end piece 52 is closed by a removable cap 53, retained by friction.
  • the neck 47 has an outer shoulder 58 on which comes snap on an annular bead 57 of the mounting skirt 50.
  • the sealing lip 51 is applied to the surface radially inside of the neck 47 and provides sealing between the capsule 48 and the bottle 46.
  • the chimney 49 has at its lower part two walls concentric 60 and 61, forming between them an annular groove 62.
  • the wall 61 radially outermost, extends towards the low relative to the wall 60.
  • Components A and B contained in bottle 46, respectively and the capsule 48 are separated during storage by a shutter 63.
  • This shutter 63 includes a plug 64 provided at its periphery two concentric annular sealing lips 65 and 66, forming a groove into which the wall 60 penetrates during the tight closure of the capsule 48.
  • the radially outermost lip 66 then comes to be housed in the aforementioned groove 62.
  • the neck 47 is connected to the rest of the bottle 46 by a constriction 54, the upper face of which forms a helical ramp 55.
  • the plug 64 is connected by a material bridge 67 forming hinge to a retaining lug 68 which bears on the ramp 55.
  • the material bridge 67 rests in the bottom of a notch 70 made in the wall 61, and of the same width as the latter, so that the plug 64 is prevented from rotating relative to the capsule 48.
  • the tab of support 68 is pulled upwards by the ramp 55, which exerts a traction on material bridge 67 and tends to pivot downwards the plug 64, which ends up emerging from the chimney 49 and taking the position shown in Figure 10, allowing the mixing of components A and B.
  • FIGS. 11 and 13 show a device 75 according to a fifth embodiment of the invention.
  • This device 75 comprises a lower container constituted by a bottle 76 with a neck 77 and an upper container constituted by a capsule 78 which can rotate relative to the bottle 76.
  • This capsule 78 is provided at its upper end with a 79 breakable tip.
  • the neck 77 has on its radially outer surface a annular bead 80 and the capsule 78 has a mounting skirt 81 provided with reliefs 82 surmounted by recesses, these reliefs 82 each spanning just under an eighth of a turn, for example.
  • the reliefs 82 are intended to snap on the annular bead 80 for axially retaining the capsule 78 on the bottle 76, while allowing a possibility of relative rotation between the two.
  • the capsule 78 has a central chimney 83, extending to inside the mounting skirt 81, and also has between the latter and the chimney 83, an annular sealing lip 84 applying to the radially inner surface of the neck 77 for sealing between the capsule 78 and the bottle 76, like examples of previous embodiments.
  • Components A and B respectively contained in bottle 79 and the capsule 78 are separated during storage by a shutter 85, which has a plug 86 connected by a material bridge 87 forming a hinge to a retaining tab 88.
  • the plug 86 is provided, in the vicinity of its periphery and on its upper face, with an annular sealing lip 89 coming insert into the chimney 83 to seal this last.
  • the chimney 83 also has a thread 90 on its surface radially outer, and the retaining tab 88 has, on its radially inner face, a portion of thread 91 which is engaged in this thread 90.
  • the neck 77 of the bottle 76 also has, on its surface interior, two spans 92 which provide a groove 93 therebetween which houses the retaining tab 88.
  • FIGS. 14 and 16 show a device 95 according to a sixth embodiment of the invention.
  • This device 95 comprises a bottle 76 and a capsule 78 identical to those of the previous embodiment example and which do not will therefore not be described again.
  • the device 95 differs from the device 75 by the structure of the shutter, which is now referenced 85 '.
  • This shutter 85 has a plug 86 connected by a bridge of material 87 forming a hinge to a holding member 96, presenting in the form of a crown provided on its face radially interior of four evenly spaced portions of filet 97 which each extend over an angular sector of approximately 45 °.
  • the crown 96 is further connected to the plug 86 by three breakable material bridges 99, distributed around its periphery.
  • FIG. 17 shows a device 100 in accordance with a seventh exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • This device 100 differs from the device 95 previously described by the shape of the upper and lower containers.
  • the lower container 101 differs from the capsule 78 previously described by the absence of a distribution nozzle, which is made with the bottle 102.
  • the assembly of the containers is carried out easily by a simple snap-on without having to screw one of the containers onto the other, and that after assembly the containers cannot be disassembled by the user.
  • the components are mixed at a constant volume, which avoids projections, as explained above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Package Specialized In Special Use (AREA)
EP98401727A 1997-07-08 1998-07-08 Behälter zur getrennten Aufbewahrung und Mischung von zwei Produkten, und Verfahren zur Herstellung dieses Behälters Expired - Lifetime EP0893365B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9708664 1997-07-08
FR9708664A FR2765861B1 (fr) 1997-07-08 1997-07-08 Dispositif pour le conditionnement separe de deux composants et procede de fabrication

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0893365A1 true EP0893365A1 (de) 1999-01-27
EP0893365B1 EP0893365B1 (de) 2006-08-30

Family

ID=9509006

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98401727A Expired - Lifetime EP0893365B1 (de) 1997-07-08 1998-07-08 Behälter zur getrennten Aufbewahrung und Mischung von zwei Produkten, und Verfahren zur Herstellung dieses Behälters

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5944175A (de)
EP (1) EP0893365B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69835722T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2270498T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2765861B1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7464834B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2008-12-16 Rieke Corporation Dispensing container for two flowable products
WO2020155035A1 (en) * 2019-01-31 2020-08-06 L'oreal Device for packaging two products separately

Families Citing this family (24)

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US6302268B1 (en) * 2000-11-24 2001-10-16 Daniel Reuven Michaeli Salad container having insert chamber
US6387073B1 (en) * 2000-12-06 2002-05-14 Weiler Engineering, Inc. Hermetically sealed container with medicament storing and dispensing insert
US6705490B1 (en) 2002-09-12 2004-03-16 Eric K. Lizerbram Self contained additive reservoirs for use with beverage containers
AU2004287738B2 (en) * 2003-11-05 2011-11-03 Jeong-Min Lee Method and structure for mixing different materials
NZ533049A (en) * 2004-05-20 2006-09-29 Fraisbon Foods Ltd Multi-compartment salad and dressing vending container
US20060049127A1 (en) * 2004-09-09 2006-03-09 Liran Katz Container
EP1838598A2 (de) * 2004-09-09 2007-10-03 Liran Katz Behälter
WO2006083871A2 (en) * 2005-02-01 2006-08-10 Guataplast, S.A. Limited use-disposable salad container assembly
US20070166269A1 (en) * 2005-12-01 2007-07-19 L'oreal Cosmetic composition containing a statistical polymer with a linear chain of ethylenic nature
US20070199953A1 (en) * 2006-02-27 2007-08-30 Laveault Richard A Dispensing container for two flowable products
US20070199955A1 (en) * 2006-02-27 2007-08-30 Stalions Stephen E Dispensing container for two flowable products
FR2930140B1 (fr) * 2008-04-17 2011-04-22 Philippe Perovitch Dispositif pour la conservation, la preparation extemporanee et l'administration d'un faible dosage de principe actif
CN101570257B (zh) * 2008-04-17 2014-09-17 杨泰和 封盖具掀开预力的受压开启型储存装置
US8496983B2 (en) * 2008-09-23 2013-07-30 Guateplast S.A. Combined particulate solid and liquid container and method of using same
TW201216951A (en) * 2010-10-21 2012-05-01 Aptalis Pharma Ltd Oral dosing device for administration of medication
WO2016202467A2 (en) 2015-06-16 2016-12-22 Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica Gmbh Connecting and container system
UA128846C2 (uk) 2015-06-16 2024-11-06 Бьорінгер Інгельхайм Ветмедіка Гмбх Система ємностей і їх з'єднання
CN205661828U (zh) * 2016-01-22 2016-10-26 托普史密斯有限公司 用于容器的封闭件
CN108357778B (zh) * 2017-01-26 2021-12-28 本诺瓦公司 将产品分配在容器中的盒
CN111417583B (zh) * 2017-12-01 2022-09-20 欧莱雅 用于单独地包装两种产品的装置
EP3877278B1 (de) * 2018-11-07 2023-06-07 L'oreal Vorrichtung zum verpacken und ausgeben eines produkts mit verbesserter abdichtung zwischen zwei behältern
DE102019203858A1 (de) * 2019-03-21 2020-09-24 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Verpackungssystem für zumindest eine Produktzubereitungskomponente sowie zugehöriges Verfahren zur Handhabung der Produktzubereitungskomponente
DE102019203857A1 (de) * 2019-03-21 2020-09-24 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Verpackungssystem für zumindest eine Produktzubereitungskomponente sowie zugehöriges Verfahren zur Handhabung der Produktzubereitungskomponente
FR3155513B1 (fr) * 2023-11-17 2025-11-21 Oreal Dispositif de conditionnement à zone de serrage déportée, et procédé d’assemblage associé

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2506726A1 (fr) * 1981-06-01 1982-12-03 Oreal Dispositif permettant de conditionner une dose de produit additionnel et de la melanger, au moment de l'emploi, a un produit de base
GB2298406A (en) * 1995-02-21 1996-09-04 Bespak Plc Dual compartment container and closure assembly

Family Cites Families (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5186323A (en) * 1991-06-24 1993-02-16 Pfleger Frederick W Dual compartment mixing container
DE4121540A1 (de) * 1991-06-28 1993-01-07 Finke Robert Gmbh Flaschenverschlusskappe fuer zwei-komponenten-packungen

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2506726A1 (fr) * 1981-06-01 1982-12-03 Oreal Dispositif permettant de conditionner une dose de produit additionnel et de la melanger, au moment de l'emploi, a un produit de base
GB2298406A (en) * 1995-02-21 1996-09-04 Bespak Plc Dual compartment container and closure assembly

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7464834B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2008-12-16 Rieke Corporation Dispensing container for two flowable products
WO2020155035A1 (en) * 2019-01-31 2020-08-06 L'oreal Device for packaging two products separately

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0893365B1 (de) 2006-08-30
FR2765861A1 (fr) 1999-01-15
DE69835722D1 (de) 2006-10-12
DE69835722T2 (de) 2007-09-13
ES2270498T3 (es) 2007-04-01
US5944175A (en) 1999-08-31
FR2765861B1 (fr) 1999-09-24

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