Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B61—RAILWAYS
  • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
  • B61L3/00—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal
  • B61L3/16—Continuous control along the route
  • B61L3/22—Continuous control along the route using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using electromagnetic radiation
  • B61L3/225—Continuous control along the route using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using electromagnetic radiation using separate conductors along the route

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method and a communication system according to the preamble of claim 1 and.
• the vehicles running on the rail network must be provided with information about the occupancy of the route to be traveled.
• light signal systems controlled by an interlocking are mostly used today, by means of which the locomotive driver is shown the blocking or release of a route and any further information.
• the required reliability and security of the information transmission can no longer be guaranteed by this optical transmission path.
• the detection of the signals and, in the case of multi-track track routing, the reliable assignment to the associated track is no longer guaranteed with absolute certainty.
• transponders have been installed on the track for a long time, through which the optically signaled information is transmitted in parallel electronically.
• These earthbound transponders can be queried over a very small air gap of a few centimeters by a radio or interrogation station attached to a vehicle. It is therefore guaranteed with a high degree of certainty that the information associated with a track being traveled on is only ever transmitted to a vehicle which is running on this track. Since the erroneous reading of a transponder in the neighboring track is not possible for physical reasons (insufficient range of the interrogation system), the track selectivity is thereby ensured.
• the query range of the transponder system which was deliberately kept low to achieve track selectivity, has the disadvantage that communication between the earthbound transponder and the mobile query device can only take place if their distance is very small. If the vehicle stops in a station, for example, at a point where there is a large distance between the transponder and the interrogation device, it is no longer possible to query the data. In order to ensure data transmission from the route to the train over longer sections, transmission systems with linear antennas extended in the direction of the track are therefore used. Such an antenna is described, for example, in K. Bretting, Radiating High Frequency Line for Platform Monitoring, Funk ⁇ schau, Vol. 47, No. 13, 1975 Kunststoff DE, pages 66-68.
• a transponder is provided in each track at both ends of the line antenna according to a known method, through which the function of a marker is performed. Before a vehicle travels a section of the route equipped with a line antenna, it passes through one of these transponders, through which a track identifier is transmitted to the interrogation device attached to the floor of the vehicle (assignment of a track or vehicle address). Due to the deliberately kept very low scanning range, the information of the transponder in the neighboring track cannot be received (crosstalk security).
• the vehicle As soon as the vehicle subsequently comes into the area of the line antenna, it receives the telegram transmitted by the signal box, which also contains a section provided with the same track identifier.
• the two messages received by the transponder and by the linear antenna are compared in a computer located on the vehicle with regard to the track identification. If the track identification (supposedly) transmitted by the transponder and the line antenna is inequal, e.g. if the driving concept has reached the vehicle from the adjacent track due to unwanted physical crosstalk, the received overall telegram with the driving concept contained therein is recognized as invalid and rejected.
• This known method excludes with a high degree of certainty that a certain driving term received by crosstalk in the neighboring track is evaluated.
• the phenomenon of crosstalk when using the linear antenna is not eliminated.
• the crosstalk signal can overlap the desired signal in the track section and make reception impossible or even cause bit errors.
• the above-described track identification as security coding largely prevents incorrect evaluation or misinterpretation. On the other hand, the reception of the useful information cannot be ensured.
• the present invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method and a traffic communication system by means of which an error-free assignment of transmitted messages to a section of the route (track selectivity) and a transmission free from interfering interferences can be guaranteed.
• the method according to the invention permits physical separation of the telegrams intended for the individual track sections at the receiving end.
• the relevant telegram is determined on the basis of the track identifier without suppression of the interference signals
• the level of the interference signals is reduced in the physical separation.
• the method according to the invention therefore not only enables the individual signals to be separated, but also allows telegrams to be received while strong interference signals are occurring.
• an almost unlimited number of participants (or vehicles) can cooperate here.
• the method is intended in particular for communication systems having line antennas.
• a further embodiment of the invention makes it possible to dispense with the laying of the line antennas in the relevant track sections, preferably at traffic junctions.
• the separation of the different telegrams according to the invention permits their transmission from a single antenna, which covers the intended track area. This results in a greatly reduced manufacturing, installation and cost expenditure for the entire communication system.
• a preferred embodiment of the invention further aids the communication of a control center or base station with two vehicles which are parked on the same track section and communicate with the base station via radio or a common line antenna.
• FIG. 1 guided parallel track sections which are each provided with a line antenna
• Fig. 2 parallel guided track sections that are within the transmission range of a radio antenna
• Fig. 3 a provided in a vehicle Empfangsvom 'rect
• Fig. 4 shown in Fig. 3 receiving device shown expanded by modules which are provided for checking the track identification
• FIG. 5 a device for extraction of signals transmitted using the frequency multiplex method
• FIG. 6 a device for extraction of signals transmitted using the time multiplex method
• FIG 7 shows a device for extracting signals transmitted using the CDMA method
• FIG. 8 shows the device according to FIG. 4, implemented with a common receiving channel for the signals from the line conductors and the transponders
• FIG. 9 shows a line antenna Leakage cable
• FIG. 10 shows the track sections shown in FIG. 2 with vehicles which are connected to a base station by radio
• FIG. 11 shows the telegram traffic between the vehicles shown in FIG. 10 and the base station
• FIG. 12 shows a fleet of buses with buses base station.
• FIG. 1 shows three parallel track sections GL1, GL2, GL3, each of which is provided with a line antenna LA1, LA2, LA3, which is connected to a marking module MM1, MM2 or MM3 and connecting lines Ist1, Ist2, Ist3 Interlocking or tail unit are connected, from which information is given to the vehicle running on the rails GL.
• transponders TP11, TP12; TP21, TP22 or TP31, TP32 also called END OF LINE MARKER; EOLM
• This and the following exemplary embodiments relate to the application of the invention in rail transport. Through purely professional measures, however, the invention can be used in general in traffic engineering.
• the vehicles receive TP11 or TP12 when they pass a transponder; TP21 or TP22 or TP31 or TP32 in coded, unambiguous form a set of coefficients which enables the vehicle's interrogator to physically separate the telegrams sent by the signal box via the line antenna LA1, LA2 or LA3, i.e. only to let the (physically) correctly addressed pass.
• the first reception module RXL which is provided for receiving the signals emitted by a line antenna LA, is equipped with an evaluation unit RES (for example the vehicle computer) via a separation stage SEP and preferably a first telegram decoder LTD, in which the telegram is recreated and checked. connected, from which the received information (driver information, control commands, etc.) are given to the customers present in the vehicle.
• the separation stage SEP which is normally constructed as a demultiplexer or correlator, is used for the physical separation of the track GL1 being traveled on; Signals associated with GL2 or GL3.
• the second receiving module RXT which is used to receive the transponder TP11 or TP12; TP21 or TP22 or TP31 or TP32 emitted signals is preferably connected via a second telegram detector TTD and a coefficient extractor KXR to the separation stage SEP, which in this way supplies the information (coefficients, etc.) necessary for signal extraction become.
• a separation stage SEP1 with e.g. Four band passfirtem BP1, ..., BP4 can be used, which can be optionally switched on by a switching unit SU.
• the valid frequency channel can be selected by switching on the appropriate bandpass filter BP by means of the set of coefficients received by a transponder TP when driving on the track GL.
• the separation stage SEP has to meet a switching criterion from the coefficient set obtained in such a way that the bandpass filter 1 is switched through to the output.
• the number of bandpass filters BP corresponds to the number of tracks GL to be addressed.
• the signal extraction at the receiving end takes place, for example, in the separation stage SEP2 shown in FIG. 6 by selective storage of the telegrams received in chronological order Register R1 R4, which are addressed and read out according to the received coefficient set.
• a switch TS is provided in the separation stage SEP2, which connects the output of the first reception module RXL in the different time periods with the associated inputs of the registers R1, ..., R4.
• Methods for switching data through in time division multiplex are known to the person skilled in the art, for example from P. Bocker, Data Transmission, Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1978, Volume 1, page 237.
• the switching unit SU According to the set of coefficients received from the transponder TP, the switching unit SU only forwards the information in the register R which is valid for the track being traveled on.
• each data bit to be transmitted is divided into a sequence of pulses or chips on the transmission side in accordance with an individually defined PN code. For a logical 0, the PN code is used inversely.
• the CDMA-coded receive signals first pass through the multiplier MPL in the separation stage SEP3 and are multiplied therein by the PN code and thus "despread". That is, each data bit 0 and 1 broken down into a number of chips on the transmission side is multiplied by the PN code, as a result of which each chip of a broken down data bit 0 and 1 is again provided with the correct sign (in the case of binary phase-coded signals (BPCS), the binary phase modulation is used away).
• BPCS binary phase-coded signals
• the despread receive signal is converted into the baseband and integrated in the downstream demodulator / integrator DIS.
• the signal clock can therefore be recovered from the transmitted signal by means which are known, for example, from G. Cooper, Modem Communications and Spread Spectrum, Mc Graw Hill Book Co., Singapore 1986, pages 268-318.
• the method described above is referred to therein as the direct sequence spread spectrum method.
• a circuit arrangement for regenerating the transmitted signal is shown above on page 275 in Fig. 8-9.
• the regenerated signal serves as a reference for a discriminator provided in the code generator CGS, the output signal of which controls a clock oscillator.
• the received signals can be correlated both digitally with a signal processor and analogously, as described in WO 94/11754, for example by means of surface wave or SAW components.
• the receiving circuit shown in FIG. 4 has a characteristic data extractor NXR which takes the track identification transmitted by the transponder TP from the telegrams supplied by the second telegram detector TTD and feeds it to a comparator CMP which is transmitted by the first teogram detector LTD which is supplied with the track identification transmitted by the signal box via the line antenna LA.
• the comparator CMP compares the track identifiers supplied via the transponder TP and the line antenna LA and reports to the evaluation unit RES whether the received telegrams are to be discarded or further processed.
• Information transmitted by the transponder TP can also be fed directly to the evaluation unit RES by the second telegram detector TTD.
• a set of coefficients and possibly track characteristic data are received by the receiving device shown in FIG. 4. If this data has been security-coded on the transmission side, it must be checked and decoded on the receiving side in the telegram decoder TTD provided for this purpose. Of course, other data, e.g. the exact position data of the transponder and details of the route are transmitted.
• the data marking the track section and the data required for the physical signal separation in the coefficient extractor KXR must therefore be extracted in the track characteristic data extractor NXR.
• the track characteristic data are fed to the comparator CMP.
• the telegrams are also received by the signal box either via radio channel or via the air gap between the line antenna LA in the track GL and the antenna AL on the vehicle.
• these telegrams also contain the associated track section as the destination address.
• the specific telegram is emitted in each track section.
• a line antenna LA1, LA2 or LA3 is provided in each track GL1, GL2 and GL3, which is associated with a certain effort. Due to the possibility of physically separating the signals transmitted to the tracks GL1, GL2 and GL3, which can overlap one another, with the method according to the invention, the line antennas LA1, LA2 and LA3 preferably replaced by at least one antenna A, which is preferably provided centrally (see FIG. 2), via which signals are transmitted to all vehicles, for example using the code, time or frequency division multiplex method (CDMA, TDMA or FDMA). According to the invention, the interrogation devices provided in the vehicles are able to extract the associated signal from the received signal mixture.
• CDMA code, time or frequency division multiplex method
• FIG. 8 shows the device according to FIG. 4, realized with a common reception channel, which consists of an antenna ALT and a reception module RXL / T, which are designed to be broadband, so that the signals emitted by the line conductors LA and the transponders TP are processed and can be sent separately to the separation stage SEP and the telegram detector TTD.
• the transmission frequency bands of the signals from the line antenna LA (or the common antennas A) and from the transponders TP can be placed close to one another or even identical, so that for both signals in the receiving module are preferably received only by the one antenna AL / T RXL / T only one signal path has to be provided.
• Orthogonal modulation is preferably provided for the signals transmitted in both channels, so that e.g.
• signals having the same center frequency (or the signal mixture) are fed to a first and a second demodulator D1, D2 after processing in the reception module RXL / T and can be separated there again due to the different modulation.
• the modulation of the two signals e.g. the amplitude and frequency modulation can be provided.
• the evaluation unit RES shown in FIG. 8 preferably also determines (e.g. in addition to the direction of travel) whether the information received from the transponders (e.g. TP11 or TP12) is still valid.
• the signals received by the transponders TP11 and TP12 are intended to ensure that only the signals transmitted by the line antenna LA1 are processed further. If a vehicle has now passed the first transponder TP11 and the line antenna LA1, this is determined by the evaluation unit RES when the second transponder TP12 is reached, after which the coefficients k, which are no longer valid, are preferably deleted by a reset signal res, if provided by the vehicle has not changed direction and the line antenna LA1 is not passed again.
• FIG. 9 shows a leak cable LTL (leaky cable) serving as a line antenna and connected to an interlocking device LST, which is mounted in the throat TRK of a railroad track and is fixed to the sleepers SW with a fastening device BE.
• Leakage cables are described, for example, in Bretting, Radiating High Frequency Line .... FUNKSCHAU, Vol. 47, No. 13, Kunststoff 1975, pages 66-68.
• FIG. 10 shows the track sections GL1, GL2 and GL3 shown in FIG. 2 with vehicles FZ1 FZ5 retracted thereon, which are connected to a base station BST by radio.
• the preferred embodiment of the invention described below can also be used if the vehicles FZ1,..., FZ5, as shown in FIG.
• the vehicle FZ3 that has entered the track section GL2, the method according to the invention can be carried out unchanged.
• the vehicle FZ3 is assigned a code word, a frequency channel, a time slot or coefficients via the first transmission path, on the basis of which those transmitted via the second transmission path (by radio or inductively via the line antenna) and for the vehicle FZ3 certain signals can be processed correctly.
• vehicles FZ1 and FZ2 or FZ4 and FZ5 have received the same set of coefficients that are used to process the information transmitted via the second transmission path, it can no longer be clearly determined in vehicles FZ1 and FZ2 or FZ4 and FZ5 which vehicle FZ1 or FZ2 or FZ4 or FZ5 is the intended receiver of information transmitted by the base station BST.
• the number of codes, frequency channels or time slots required is therefore doubled with this measure.
• each vehicle FZ4, FZ5, when entering track section GL3, is given a preferably one-time authorization to send one or more telegrams.
• the send telegram is triggered by the vehicle FZ4; FZ5 is sent to the base station BST by receiving the set of coefficients when passing the transponder TP31.
• the base station BST is used for the vehicle FZ4; FZ5 individually defined identification number communicated.
• a table is kept in the base station, in which a data record is opened for each reported train entry, in which the reported identification number and the number of the track section are stored, which is assigned by the vehicle FZ4; FZ5 is transmitted directly or indirectly.
• the telegrams transmitted to the base station BST are coded according to the coefficient set, after which it is determined in the base station BST by which coefficient set, which is uniquely assigned to a track section GL or transponder TP, the telegram can be decoded correctly.
• all assigned coefficient sets with the assigned track sections GL and transponder TP are stored in the base station BST.
• the number of the track section along with the identification number of the vehicle FZ4; FZ5 can be inserted directly into the preferably safety-coded telegram.
• the registration time of the vehicle FZ4; FZ5 registered, on the basis of which it can be checked, if necessary after contacting the vehicle in question, whether the stored data is still current.
• Further telegrams are sent by vehicle FZ4; FZ5 is only transmitted if there is a request from the base station BST, which is carried out cyclically at regular intervals or according to a priority list.
• the telegrams from the base station BST to the vehicles FZ4; FZ5 are transmitted, contain the identification number of the vehicle FZ4; FZ5 as addressing.
• the vehicles FZ4; FZ5, which receive the signals coded or modulated according to the coefficient set of their track section GL3, can therefore determine from the identification number contained in the telegram whether the received telegram can be processed further.
• all track sections GL can be queried simultaneously.
• the query telegrams are evaluated by the vehicle using a logic circuit.
• the identification number contained in the telegram header is stored in vehicle FZ4; FZ5 compared to your own. If there is a match, the telegram is evaluated, otherwise it is rejected.
• the vehicle FZ3 When entering the track section GL2 or when passing through the transponder TP21, the vehicle FZ3 receives a set of coefficients from the transponder TP21. Immediately afterwards, at time t1, a registration telegram I-FZ3 is sent via the frequency channel f21 to the base station BST, which contains at least the identification number of the vehicle FZ3.
• the set of coefficients assigned to the track section GL2 and the transponder T21 or the entry direction is, as described above, transmitted directly or indirectly. The transmission and reception level of the FZ3 vehicle then goes back to reception.
• vehicles FZ1 and FZ4 enter transponders TP11 and TP31 into track sections GL1 and GL3 and report to base station BST via radio channels f11 and f31 with telegrams I-FZ1 and I- FZ4, after which the table maintained in the base station BST is supplemented accordingly.
• queries Q-FZ3 and Q-FZ1 are issued by base station BST via frequency channels f21 and f 11 registered in the table to vehicles FZ3 and FZ1, in which the received signals are transmitted to the specified frequency channel f21 or f11 matched filters are supplied.
• the queries Q-FZ3 and Q-FZ1 give the vehicles FZ3 and FZ1 the authorization to issue response telegrams R-FZ3 and R-FZ1, which are transmitted to the base station BST at times t5 and t8 and decoded there.
• the vehicle FZ2 enters the track section GL1 via the transponder TP12, on which the vehicle FZ1 is already located.
• a set of coefficients is transmitted to the vehicle FZ2, by means of which its transmitter and receiver unit is set to the frequency channel f12, via which the communication is then carried out (see: registration l-FZ-2 at time t13, query Q-FZ2 on Time t14 and response telegram R-FZ2 at time t15) between base station BST and vehicle FZ2.
• the data transmission between the vehicles FZ1 and FZ2, which are located on the same track section, and the base station BST therefore takes place on separate frequency channels f11 and f12.
• the vehicle FZ5 enters the track section GL2 via the transponder TP31, on which the vehicle FZ4 is already located.
• a set of coefficients is transmitted to the vehicle FZ5, by means of which its transmitting and receiving unit is set to the frequency channel f31, via which the vehicle FZ4 has already registered with the base station BST at time t3.
• both vehicles FZ4 and FZ5 set to the same frequency channel f31 should be able to be queried by the base station BST, which for this purpose receives the query telegrams (Q-FZ4 at time t9 and Q-FZ5 at the time t11) the reported identification number of the vehicles to be contacted FZ4 or FZ5 added.
• the vehicles FZ4 or FZ5 can identify the telegrams intended for them.
• an interval ri is provided, during which the interrogated vehicle FZ4 or FZ5 has the sole transmission authorization for the relevant frequency channel f31 and a response telegram (R-FZ4 at time t10 and R-FZ5 at time t12) can transmit to the base station BST.
• the vehicles FZ1, FZ2 and FZ3 occupy the allocated frequency channels f11, f12 and f21 alone, addressing based on the reported identification number is preferably also provided for the query telegrams sent to them.
• the base station BST can request a vehicle FZ to change the channel.
• the base station BST can request the vehicle FZ5 to switch to the free channel f32.
• the base station BST can also assign time slots to the vehicles FZ4 and FZ5, within which the vehicles FZ4 and FZ5 can send messages to the base station BST with or without prior request.
• each cycle is preferably initialized by a time signal from the base station BST.
• a time slot is preferably kept free for new registrations, which must not be occupied by the vehicles FZ that have already registered and the base station BST.
• the base station BST When receiving a registration telegram I-FZ from a vehicle FZ, the base station BST does not know which transponder TP the vehicle FZ has passed and which coefficient set is thus used in this vehicle FZ. The base station BST must therefore check the registration telegrams I-FZ in accordance with all assigned coefficient sets and determine which coefficient set was used. For this purpose, a check word or the set of coefficients used in the vehicle FZ are preferably added to the log-on program I-FZ, which are correctly received in the base station BST when the appropriate set of coefficients is used.
• the receiving and decoding circuit used in the base station BST preferably corresponds to the receiving and decoding circuit provided in the vehicle FZ, with the difference that the assigned and sets of coefficients are supplied sequentially to the receiving and decoding circuit provided in the base station BST until the one transmitted in the logon program Check word or the coefficient set is recognized as correct.
• the logon program I-FZ is digitized, for example, and stored in a memory from which it is read out and linked with the sequentially supplied coefficient sets.
• a processor connected to the base station BST is provided internally or externally.
• the logon program I-FZ can be processed and checked in parallel in several receiving circuits.
• the logon program I-FZ is, for example, simultaneously fed to the bandpass filters BP1 BP4 shown in FIG.
• the bandpass filter BP at the output of which the logon I- FZ is submitted with the correct test word or coefficient set, the position of the vehicle FZ can be determined.
• the frequency sets f11,... are assigned to the vehicles FZ11 by the coefficient sets output by the transponders TP.
• the vehicles FZ11,... Can also be assigned the numbers of time slots or, as shown in FIG. 11 , Code words CD11 CD32 are assigned so that the data transmission between the vehicles FZ11, ... and the base station BST according to a code, time or frequency division multiplex method (CDMA, FDMA, TDMA method as in E. Heiler / W. Lörcher, Communications Engineering, Hanser Verlag, Kunststoff 1994, chapter 8.8.3.2 described).
• CDMA, FDMA, TDMA method as in E. Heiler / W. Lörcher, Communications Engineering, Hanser Verlag, Kunststoff 1994, chapter 8.8.3.2 described.
• the modulation and multiplexing methods can also be used in combination (e.g. a set of coefficients specifies, for example, that the vehicle in question may transmit coded and phase-modulated signals on the frequency channel f12 in a time slot x).
• the transponders TP can e.g. be programmed as described in US-A-5 115 160. However, transponders TP are preferably used which are suitable for delivering selectable coefficient sets.
• the base station BST is preferably connected via the line antenna or further transmission lines to an optionally programmable ground-based transponder TP, as is known from EP 0 620 923 A1. As a result, the allocation of the frequency channels, the code words or the time slots can be changed as required.
• the invention is particularly advantageously applicable for the control and monitoring of bus traffic.
• a vehicle fleet as shown in FIG. 12, with dozens of buses FZ11, ..., FZ33, of which several each (FZ11, FZ12, FZ13 or FZ21, FZ22, FZ23 or FZ31, FZ32, FZ33 ) are driven into and parked in adjacent lanes SP1, SP2, SP3, each provided with a transponder TP1, TP2, TP3,
• the method according to the invention allows simple management and control of the vehicles FZ11 FZ33. which can be queried selectively by the base station BST. After entering the buses FZ11, .... FZ33, e.g. whose status is queried, according to which the disposition can be made for the further trips.
• the data transmission via the second transmission path is preferably carried out in both transmission directions using the same modulation, code and / or frequency division multiplexing methods. However, it is also possible to provide separate sets of coefficients for both directions of transmission which are used analogously.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
• Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
• Communication Control (AREA)
• Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
• Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
• Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
• Time-Division Multiplex Systems (AREA)
• Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

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• 1997
  • 1997-04-17 US US09/142,054 patent/US6234428B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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  • 1997-04-17 EP EP97916293A patent/EP0894061B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1997-04-17 WO PCT/CH1997/000153 patent/WO1997039934A1/fr not_active Ceased
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  • 1997-04-17 DK DK97916293T patent/DK0894061T3/da active
  • 1997-05-05 TW TW086105945A patent/TW327716B/zh active
• 1998
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