EP0896497B1 - Système de reproduction de son - Google Patents

Système de reproduction de son Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0896497B1
EP0896497B1 EP98113748A EP98113748A EP0896497B1 EP 0896497 B1 EP0896497 B1 EP 0896497B1 EP 98113748 A EP98113748 A EP 98113748A EP 98113748 A EP98113748 A EP 98113748A EP 0896497 B1 EP0896497 B1 EP 0896497B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
membrane
volume
sound
reproduction system
sound reproduction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98113748A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0896497A2 (fr
EP0896497A3 (fr
Inventor
Bernhard Puls
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Harman Becker Automotive Systems GmbH
Original Assignee
Harman Becker Automotive Systems GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Harman Becker Automotive Systems GmbH filed Critical Harman Becker Automotive Systems GmbH
Publication of EP0896497A2 publication Critical patent/EP0896497A2/fr
Publication of EP0896497A3 publication Critical patent/EP0896497A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0896497B1 publication Critical patent/EP0896497B1/fr
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/24—Structural combinations of separate transducers or of two parts of the same transducer and responsive respectively to two or more frequency ranges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a Tonwiedergabean Aunt, in particular such for the reproduction of low-frequency tones.
  • Such transducers have, as main components, a diaphragm, a drive arrangement and fastening means for the mutual connection of the diaphragm and the drive arrangement.
  • Drive arrangements for such a membrane are predominantly formed by a magnet system which has a permanent magnet and a yoke (also called a yoke member).
  • the membrane is equipped with a voice coil and immersed in an air gap left in the magnet system. If the two ends of the voice coil conductively connected to a sound signal source, the voice coil moves in the air gap of the magnet system, so that the voltage applied to the respective surfaces of the membrane air volumes are vibrated via the membrane connected to the voice coil.
  • the first basic form which is also referred to as a closed housing, is characterized in that the housing, with the exception of the transducer opening, in which a transducer is mounted, has no other opening.
  • the volume of air trapped in the housing and communicating with the back of the membrane acts as an additional spring, thereby increasing the resonant frequency of the transducer and thus shifting the lower limit frequency to higher frequencies.
  • the enclosed air volume which is also referred to as the damping volume, must not fall below a minimum value.
  • the housing must have at least one wall facing the listening room, which is suitable for their dimensions, to receive the mostly large-sized low-frequency converter in the opening. With regard to the space requirements of such arrangements, these arrangements are denied applications that allow a good low-frequency reproduction even in a smaller space (such as in a motor vehicle).
  • Bass reflex boxes which form the second basic form, build on the principle of the first basic form. Deviating from this principle, however, bass reflex boxes have a further opening in the housing, from which the sound waves emitted backwards by the membrane emerge in the correct phase with the sound waves radiated from the front side of the membrane and support their effect.
  • Transducers and housings represent two coupled systems in bass reflex arrangements.
  • the bass reflex enclosure is a resonator whose resonant frequency, dependent on the volume of the enclosure and the size and depth of the additional opening, is tuned to the natural frequency of the built-in woofer. As a result, coupling oscillations occur.
  • bass reflex arrays Even though the acoustic pressure response is not as linear in bass reflex arrays as opposed to closed shell arrays, bass reflex arrays have the advantage over closed package arrays of providing higher efficiency at low frequencies for smaller sizes. But also bass reflex arrangements have like closed housing arrangements the general disadvantage that the converter in a wall of the (bass reflex) housing must be used, which excrete a variety of uses for these arrangements (especially those with less space available).
  • bandpass arrangements which simultaneously form the third basic form.
  • Bandpass arrangements such as in US 5,629,502 described, characterized in that a closed housing is divided by a partition wall into two chambers. In this partition of the low-frequency converter is used.
  • bandpass arrangements in one of the two chambers on a bass reflex opening, which is responsible for the sound alone.
  • the basis for these arrangements, which show a very good low-frequency reproduction behavior, is the use of the special frequency response character of a Helmholtz resonator: this arrangement consisting of a cavity with an opening of a certain length and specific cross-section, excited by a transducer, exhibits a frequency response with a pronounced resonance frequency.
  • Characteristic of the bandpass arrangements is that the open - because of the bass reflex opening - volume requires a volume of space, which depending on the training between about 0.4 and 0.8 of the volume of the room - for this consideration - requires closed volume. In this case, if the appropriate volumes are provided, the shape of the various chambers largely arbitrary. Considering further that bandpass arrangements require only for the sound exit walls which are slightly larger than the cross section of the bass reflex opening, and that i. above sea level. such arrangements allow acceptable bass reproduction from as little as 10 to 12 liters total volume, are also suitable for this arrangement for fürsingen, in which only a very limited space is available.
  • bass reflex arrays are very much at the merits of overall volume reductions sensitively respond that a large number of bandpass arrangements must be kept in accordance with the room changes.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a sound reproduction device for reproducing low-frequency sounds, which can very flexibly use an available space even with changes in this room offer and beyond only a Schallabstrahlötechnisch to the listening room requires, the cross-sectional area is smaller than that of the membrane ,
  • the arrangement according to the invention works directly on the acoustic mass, which is provided by or from the sound guide channels, since the displacement volume because of its small size so far does not act as a housing volume.
  • the arrangement according to the invention has a closed box similar equivalent circuit diagram, but with the difference that in the system according to the invention for blind component speaker not the resilience of the housing, but only the acoustic mass of the or the sound guide channels added.
  • the acoustic mass of the sound guide channels together with the moving mass of the speaker forms a resulting mass that is greater than the acoustic mass of the speaker.
  • the result is that only one resonant frequency occurs because there are only two blank components and that this (new) resonant frequency is lower than the resonant frequency of a free-standing loudspeaker.
  • the displacement volume mentioned several times in the application is the volume which must be provided by a transducer so that the (first) membrane is unilaterally at maximum stroke within the structural conditions of the loudspeaker center can move without the risk that the vibrating parts of the transducer "strike” on non-vibrating parts of the transducer.
  • the displacement volume which is present at the surface of the membrane facing away from the magnetic system essentially the effective membrane diameter and the volume between the upper edge of the membrane and the upper Edge of the converter formed.
  • a further closed damping volume is present and this damping volume is formed by walls of a housing and the further membrane.
  • the other membrane can be used for the reproduction of medium or medium-high-frequency sound signals, without thereby increasing the total space requirement is increased.
  • a particularly good bass reproduction is given if according to claim 3, the length of the or the sound guide channels ⁇ ⁇ . / 8 is the desired upper limit frequency.
  • a further membrane present and arranged at an axial distance from the first membrane and the drive assembly which drives the further membrane a very compact arrangement for sound reproduction is provided with separate range converters, in which the influence of the other membrane on the sound radiation from the first membrane thanks to the sound guide channels contrary to otherwise known coaxial arrangements, which have a further membrane and a magnetic system in the horn of the first membrane, is without influence.
  • the sound guide channels are at least partially formed by walls of the other housing.
  • Overheating of the drive assembly are excluded according to claim 5, when wall surfaces of the drive system via the sound guide channels with the gas volume of the listening room is in exchange.
  • each membrane together with its magnetic system driving it forms a transducer of the type shown in DE-Gbm 9109452.
  • each of the two transducers according to the invention is largely made of standardized and, for example, in arrangements according to DE-Gbm.
  • Gbm 9109452 used components can be formed.
  • the widespread omission of the requirement to use their own components in the registration system also has the further advantage that the two forming an announcing system transducer can be prefabricated on manufacturing facilities, which are for example also used for the production of converters according to DE-Gbm 9109452.
  • FIG. 1 which also the other figures does not illustrate a true scale reproduction of the actual conditions, shows a woofer display device 10.
  • This arrangement 10 is essentially formed by an electro-acoustic transducer 11 and a closed housing 12.
  • the converter 11 has, as essential components, a basket 13, a drive arrangement 14, a conical membrane 15 and a voice coil 17 arranged on a voice coil bobbin 16.
  • the conical diaphragm 15 is inserted and connected in the basket 13. This connection is realized so that the membrane edge 18, which has the greatest radial distance from the loudspeaker center axis, is connected to the upper edge 20 of the basket 13 by means of a hollow-shaped bead 19.
  • the drive assembly 14 in the present case forms a magnet system 21, which comprises a yoke 22 formed from different parts and a permanent magnet 23.
  • the lower edge 24 of the membrane 15 is connected to the voice coil bobbin 16. Is the transducer 11 - as in in FIG.
  • the diaphragm 15 is caused to oscillate axially relative to the loudspeaker center axis, depending on the voltages provided by the sound signal source Fig. 1 not shown), so that sound waves are radiated from both the front 28 and the back 29 of the membrane.
  • the transducer 11 is inserted into a housing 12 so that the transducer 11 closes the housing 12 and at the same time a damping volume 30th inside the case.
  • a damping volume 30th inside the case.
  • the basket 13 is connected to the housing 12, one speaks with regard to the present in the basket 13 openings 31 thereof, that the membrane 15, which largely covers the opening of the housing 12, the housing 12 closes.
  • a spacer ring 32 is placed on the upper edge 20 of the basket 13, a spacer ring 32 is placed.
  • the bordered by the spacer ring 32 cross section with a cover 33 is largely covered.
  • the areas located on either side of the loudspeaker central axis are in Fig. 1 shown arrangement 10 is identical. However, this no longer applies to the sound conduction channels 34, which extend in the direction of the loudspeaker center axis and which connect to openings 33 left in the cover 33.
  • FIG. 2 is the left of the speaker center axis in FIG. 1 embodiment shown provided with a circular opening 35 in the lid 33, which is rotationally symmetrical to the loudspeaker center axis.
  • FIG. 3 shows - in the embodiment, which in FIG. 1 is shown to the right of the loudspeaker center axis, the opening 35 and the adjoining sound guide channel 34 is annular. Neglecting the webs 36, which in the embodiment according to FIG. 3 connect the central part 33 'of the lid 33 with the rest of the lid 33, corresponds in both embodiments according to FIG. 1 the cross-sectional area of the openings 35 substantially the cross-sectional area of the sound guide channels 34th
  • the membrane 15 moves in an outward stroke in the so-called (front) displacement volume 37.
  • This displacement volume 37 is for an outward stroke of the membrane 15 between effective membrane diameter, which from the clear Cross-section of the membrane 15 at the front 28 and 2x half the width of the bead 19 calculated, the spacer ring 32 and provided for this consideration no opening 35 having lid 33 is provided.
  • the spacer ring 32 or its height parallel to the speaker center axis has the task to prevent a "'abutment" of the membrane 15 and the bead 19 on the cover 33. Since a "130" converter 11 was used in the present embodiment, the size of the displacement volume 37 was only about 85 cm 3 .
  • the offset by the vibrations of the diaphragm 15 in motion displacement volume 37 then offset the resulting from the cross section and the length of the respective sound guide channel 34 volume in particularly powerful vibrations, whereby the particularly good bass reproduction in the listening room 38 is achieved.
  • the prerequisite for this is that the length of the sound guide channels 34 ⁇ ⁇ / 8 is the desired upper limit frequency.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 shown assembly 10, for example, used in the trim of a motor vehicle door and the closed damping volume 30 of the panel and the door skin formed (not shown), can be later without any problem closed damping volume 30 reducing components - such as a side impact protection, actuators for electric windows or extra thick safety glass without disadvantage for the bass reproduction in the space between door skin and panel integrate. Even changes in the door shape or door size are to be regarded as uncritical.
  • FIG. 4 a further arrangement 10 is shown, which in turn has two embodiments of the subject. Unless otherwise stated, the two embodiments located to the right and left of the loudspeaker center axis are identical.
  • the in FIG. 4 shown transducer 11 is largely in function and structure with the transducer 11 according to FIG. 1 identical. The only difference is that the transducer 11 according to FIG. 4 with the front side 28 of the membrane 15 on the closed damping volume 30 "works". Also will be in FIG.
  • the closed damping volume 30 is not formed by a separate housing, but provided by the arrangement 10 is inserted into a mounting housing 39, walls 40 must be provided on the assembly 10, which the sound waves radiated from the back 29 of the membrane 15 of the sound waves separated, which are discharged from the front side 28 of the membrane 15.
  • FIG. 4 a second transducer 11 'is present, which has substantially those components, which also has the converter 11.
  • those components of the converter 11 ' which are identical to the components of the converter 11 according to their function are denoted by the respective reference symbols of the converter 11 and an apostrophe.
  • This converter 11 ' which is provided for the reproduction of medium-frequency tones, is deviating from the transducer 11 equipped with two permanent magnets 23', which are arranged within the space surrounded by the voice coil 16 'space.
  • the converter 11 ' has an independent mid-tone volume for improving the reproduction quality, which forms the further closed attenuation volume 30' in the context of this application.
  • This further closed damping volume 30 ' which communicates via the apertures 31' with the rear side 29 'of the diaphragm 15', is essentially in the embodiment shown on the left of the speaker center axis of the wall 40, the basket 13, the magnet systems 21, 21st 'and the basket 13' is formed. Since the in FIG. 4 (left side) shown sound guide channel 34, which passes through the other closed damping volume 30 ', only one of a plurality of radial to the loudspeaker center axis arranged Sound conduction channels 34, the further closed damping volume 30 'is also limited by the sound guide channels 34.
  • the embodiment on the left of the loudspeaker center axis in FIG. 4 removable that the rear displacement volume 37 'of the transducer 11 through the openings 31 in the basket 13, which so far form the openings 35, and the sound guide channels 34 are connected to the listening room 38.
  • a sealing element 42 is provided between the further wall 41 and the basket 13'. Since the further wall 41 extends at an axial distance to the basket 13 and the magnet system 21 and thereby an intermediate volume 43 is provided whose air volume with the drive assembly 14 (21, 21 ') is in contact, by this intermediate volume 43 is a good heat dissipation from the Drive assembly 14 achieved without a complicated guide of the or the sound guide channels 34 is necessary.
  • FIG. 5 a further embodiment of the invention is shown.
  • This embodiment corresponds largely to in FIG. 4 shown embodiments. Notwithstanding this, however, the sound guide channel 34 is not guided by the additional closed damping volume 30 ', but rather includes in FIG. 5 the sound guide channel 34 radially to the closed damping volume 30 ', taking advantage of the wall 40th
  • the transducer 11 for the bass reproduction can also be combined with a transducer with Kalottenmembran.
  • converter with Kalottenmembran compared to transducers 11 'with conical diaphragm 15' usually have a smaller diameter, space advantages on the side of the assembly 10, which faces the listening room 38, because in this case, as with converter Kalottenmembran need no own damping volume 30, the sound guide channels 34 lead with little distance to the speaker center axis to the listening room 38.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Système de reproduction du son
    - avec une première membrane (15) pour la reproduction de sons de basse fréquence, laquelle comporte deux surfaces (28, 29),
    - avec une autre membrane (15') disposée à intervalle axial de la première membrane (15), pour la reproduction de sons de moyenne fréquence,
    - avec un dispositif d'actionnement (14) qui actionne la première membrane (15) et l'autre membrane (15') et qui est placé entre les deux membranes (15, 15'),
    - avec des moyens de fixation (13) pour le raccordement mutuel de la première membrane (15) et du dispositif d'actionnement (14),
    - avec deux volumes de décalage (37, 37') qui sont montés chacun devant une surface (28, 29),
    - avec un premier volume d'amortissement clos (30), qui est formé par des parois d'un boîtier (12) et de la première membrane (15),
    - avec un autre volume d'amortissement clos, qui est formé par les parois (40, 41) d'un autre boîtier et de l'autre membrane (15'),
    dans lequel
    - le volume de décalage (37') adjacent à la surface (29) de la première membrane (15) qui est éloignée du volume d'amortissement, est clos à l'exception d'au moins une ouverture (35),
    - la surface de la section de toutes les ouvertures (35) est sensiblement inférieure à la surface de la section (35) de la première membrane (15), et où
    - un canal ouvert de conduction sonore (34) est raccordé à chaque ouverture (35), dont la section correspond sensiblement à la surface de la section de l'ouverture (35) à laquelle il est raccordé, et qui traverse l'autre volume d'amortissement (30') ou est radialement adjacent à celui-ci, et où
    - le volume de décalage (37') est directement relié au volume enclos par les canaux de conduction sonore (34).
  2. Système de reproduction du son selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le volume de décalage (37, 37') est calculé au moyen de la formule suivante en cas de déformation unilatérale de la première membrane (15) : volume de décalage ≤ diamètre effectif de membrane 3 × 0 , 06
    Figure imgb0004
  3. Système de reproduction du son selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la longueur des canaux de conduction sonore (34) est inférieure ou égale à λ/8 de la fréquence limite supérieure souhaitée.
  4. Système de reproduction du son selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le ou les canaux de conduction sonore (34) sont au moins partiellement formés par les parois (40, 41) de l'autre boîtier.
  5. Système de reproduction du son selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'actionnement (14) dispose de surfaces de paroi qui sont communicantes avec un volume gazeux d'un compartiment d'écoute (38).
  6. Système de reproduction du son selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé
    en ce que le dispositif d'actionnement (14) dispose pour chacune des deux membranes (15, 15') d'un système d'aimant (21, 21') autonome et comportant un aimant permanent (23, 23') et une culasse (22), et
    en ce que les deux systèmes d'aimant (21, 21') sont reliés dos à dos l'un à l'autre.
EP98113748A 1997-08-07 1998-07-23 Système de reproduction de son Expired - Lifetime EP0896497B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19734120 1997-08-07
DE19734120A DE19734120A1 (de) 1997-08-07 1997-08-07 Tonwiedergabeanordnung

Publications (3)

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EP0896497A2 EP0896497A2 (fr) 1999-02-10
EP0896497A3 EP0896497A3 (fr) 2003-03-26
EP0896497B1 true EP0896497B1 (fr) 2009-10-21

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EP (1) EP0896497B1 (fr)
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Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001015493A1 (fr) * 1999-08-20 2001-03-01 Fan Zhang Transducteur a deux bobines et a deux entrefers magnetiques
US7136498B1 (en) 1999-12-16 2006-11-14 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Loudspeaker having a dual chamber acoustical enclosure with two external vents and one internal vent
US20050099255A1 (en) * 2000-08-18 2005-05-12 Fan Zhang Transducer with dual coil and dual magnetic gap
JP2003102093A (ja) * 2001-09-21 2003-04-04 Citizen Electronics Co Ltd 複合スピーカー
JP3946118B2 (ja) * 2002-10-07 2007-07-18 シチズン電子株式会社 発音体の構造
US7848533B2 (en) * 2006-11-13 2010-12-07 Jason Myles Cobb Loudspeaker
US8009858B2 (en) * 2007-11-28 2011-08-30 Jason Myles Cobb Loudspeaker
US9271098B2 (en) * 2013-10-07 2016-02-23 Incipio Technologies, Inc. Audio speaker with externally reinforced passive radiator attachment
ITUA20163268A1 (it) * 2015-05-22 2017-11-09 Ask Ind Spa Gruppo trasduttore elettro-acustico inerziale.
JP7333381B2 (ja) 2018-07-17 2023-08-24 ブループリント アコースティックス ピーティーワイ リミテッド 同軸電気音響変換器用の音響フィルタ
US12279101B2 (en) * 2022-10-27 2025-04-15 Dell Products L.P. Ultra-slim force-canceling speaker structure

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US4783820A (en) * 1985-01-03 1988-11-08 Lyngdorf Johan P Loudspeaker unit
JPH06233367A (ja) * 1993-02-03 1994-08-19 Sony Corp バスレフ型スピーカーシステム

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US3912865A (en) * 1973-07-13 1975-10-14 American Trading & Prod Loudspeaker arrangement
DE3902343A1 (de) * 1989-01-27 1990-08-02 R & H Studiosound Beck Kg Lautsprecherbox
DE3902434A1 (de) 1989-01-27 1990-08-02 Uhl Sportartikel Karl Stuetzbandagen fuer gliedmassen und/oder gelenke
NL9000570A (nl) * 1990-03-13 1991-10-01 Philips Nv Audio- of videoapparaat met ingebouwde luidspreker.
JPH04336794A (ja) * 1991-05-14 1992-11-24 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 低音再生用スピーカーシステム
JPH05284586A (ja) * 1992-04-01 1993-10-29 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 低音再生用スピーカシステム
KR100187565B1 (ko) * 1992-07-23 1999-06-01 도자와 가쓰도시 스피이커장치와 이것의 음질개선방법
US5629502A (en) * 1994-03-02 1997-05-13 Sony Corporation Speaker apparatus
DE29716471U1 (de) * 1997-09-15 1998-07-30 Lien, Kin-Lung, Taipeh/T'ai-pei Versteckbare Klangvorrichtung

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4783820A (en) * 1985-01-03 1988-11-08 Lyngdorf Johan P Loudspeaker unit
JPH06233367A (ja) * 1993-02-03 1994-08-19 Sony Corp バスレフ型スピーカーシステム

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19734120A1 (de) 1999-02-18
EP0896497A2 (fr) 1999-02-10
DE59814406D1 (de) 2009-12-03
US6212284B1 (en) 2001-04-03
EP0896497A3 (fr) 2003-03-26

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