EP0897201A1 - Zylindrischer Reflektor mit gleitenden strahlenden Elementen - Google Patents

Zylindrischer Reflektor mit gleitenden strahlenden Elementen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0897201A1
EP0897201A1 EP98401817A EP98401817A EP0897201A1 EP 0897201 A1 EP0897201 A1 EP 0897201A1 EP 98401817 A EP98401817 A EP 98401817A EP 98401817 A EP98401817 A EP 98401817A EP 0897201 A1 EP0897201 A1 EP 0897201A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiating elements
antenna according
reflector
antenna
line
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98401817A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Christian Renard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Dassault Electronique SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dassault Electronique SA filed Critical Dassault Electronique SA
Publication of EP0897201A1 publication Critical patent/EP0897201A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/17—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements
    • H01Q19/175—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements arrayed along the focal line of a cylindrical focusing surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/17—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/12—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems
    • H01Q3/16—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems for varying relative position of primary active element and a reflecting device
    • H01Q3/18—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems for varying relative position of primary active element and a reflecting device wherein the primary active element is movable and the reflecting device is fixed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
    • H01Q3/245—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching in the focal plane of a focussing device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
    • H01Q3/247—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching by switching different parts of a primary active element

Definitions

  • the invention relates to antennas in which a reflector cylindrical interacts with a line of radiating elements.
  • Such an antenna is usually used for transmission and / or reception of electromagnetic signals, such as in telecommunication systems with a satellite artificial. It also applies to speed cameras.
  • the invention applies in particular to an antenna of this last type.
  • Each element radiating is associated with a delay organ, as well as with a respective excitation path comprising both a bond electromagnetic and a delay control input.
  • the delays thus applied to excited radiating elements can then be chosen to obtain an antenna beam susceptible, by electronic scanning, to be diverted between two deflection limits.
  • a antenna of this type therefore requires a cylindrical reflector of sufficient length to cooperate with the radiating elements of the network. Indeed, the length of the reflector must, in principle, be greater than the defined beam width by the distance between the two radiating elements occupying extreme positions of the line, at which add a length, seen on the reflector, corresponding to the total amplitude of depointing between the two limits.
  • Such a reflector has an often incompatible volume with the desired arrangement for certain antennas.
  • a reduction in the size of the antennas on board civil or military aircraft or ships, is generally desired.
  • the object of the invention is in particular to overcome the drawback aforementioned by reducing the size of the reflectors of the technique anterior while obtaining characteristics similar radiant.
  • these means cause the position of the radiant elements excited along the line and on the side opposite to the deflection of the beam seen on the reflector, this which reduces the size of the characteristic reflector radiantly constant.
  • the source also includes an input for the electronic scanning control so as to control the deflection of the antenna beam.
  • said means and the scanning control electronics can then cooperate together to establish a correspondence between the position of the radiating elements excited and the beam deflection.
  • these means are capable of sliding the position of the radiating elements excited at least from a deviation threshold.
  • the position of the excited radiant elements can slide on a beach excursion substantially equivalent to half the amplitude of depointing between the two limits.
  • the reflector is then of substantially chosen length equivalent to the width of the antenna beam increased by said excursion beach.
  • the overall size of the antenna generally defined by the length of the reflector is, according to the invention, substantially equivalent to this length.
  • the source comprises radiant elements movable in translation along the line, with their associated excitation path. She understands also mechanical means for controlling the translation of these radiant elements.
  • the source comprises switching means for defining a sliding subset of active radiating elements, among all the elements radiant, while the correspondence between the tracks excitation and the radiant elements is changeable for accompany said sliding subset of radiating elements assets.
  • the configuration of the antenna according to the invention is that of a cylindrical reflector antenna combining the first two techniques described in the introduction.
  • FIG. 1A which is a top view in section of an antenna of this type, it comprises a cylindrical reflector 2 of parabolic section in the example described, and a linear array (or strip) 1 of N unitary elements adjacent S 1 , S 2 , ..., S N.
  • These N elements can, for example, be produced in the form of waveguide openings for the transmission and / or reception of radioelectric signals. They interact with the reflector 2 either by emitting a beam of electromagnetic waves towards the reflector, or by receiving a beam from the reflector.
  • the cylindro-parabolic reflector has a focal line, in principle a straight line D, formed by the focal points of the parabolas.
  • the elements of network 1 are arranged substantially on this focal axis D. So the interaction beam is practically parallel; the antenna operates "in the far field", that is to say that the image (in emission) is formed at infinity, or the object (in reception) is located at infinity.
  • network 1 in principle radiates a cylindrical wave. Because network 1 substantially coincides with the focal axis D, this wave is collimated by the reflector 2 in a practically plane wave.
  • the section parabolic reflector 2 allows to "pinch" the beam reflected around a plane P perpendicular to the wave front and containing the line D.
  • the arrangement of the elements radiant in a linear network still makes it possible to concentrate the beam in this plane P.
  • the right generator of the cylinder then acts as a flat mirror. Obtaining a beam narrow, therefore of a high gain, is thus linked to the height of the parabolic profile section on the one hand and to the length from network 1 on the other hand.
  • an electronic scanning system 3 is usually implemented. This involves installing N phase shifters O 1 , O 2 , ..., O N behind the unit radiating elements S 1 , S 2 , ..., S N in order to induce a variable delay on the signal emitted or received by each element of the network 1.
  • the variation of this phase shift as a function of the respective positions of the elements S 1 , S 2 , ..., S N on the network 1, is in principle linear to inflect the wave front and create a beam deflection.
  • Phase shifters of this type are known in particular by "Radiation characteristics of the EISCAT VHF parabolic reflector antenna" from PS. Kildal in IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation (June 1984, p. 541-552). We can consider for example phase shifts along lines of programmable length, according to a frequency sweep, etc.
  • the dimensions of the antenna are chosen so as to obtain a certain level of gain.
  • the maximum directivity of the antenna is a first approximation defined by the formula D ⁇ 4 ⁇ L 1 . H / ⁇ 2 , where L 1 is the length of the network interacting with the reflector and H the height of the reflector.
  • the gain of the antenna corresponds to a fraction of this directivity value, taking into account for example the interaction weighting of the linear array, the concentration in the focusing plane P, etc.
  • the shape of the parabola substantially constant along the generatrix of the reflector, depends on the focal distance F chosen between the linear array 1 and the reflector 2.
  • F focal distance
  • the longitudinal dimension L 2 of the reflector 2 is determined as a first approximation by the angular range of deflection (or incidence) of the beam, so that the field focused on the grating 1 positioned on the focal line D intercepts reflector 2.
  • An object of the invention is to reduce the length of the reflector L 2 . It obviously appears that for a given maximum depointing ⁇ M and a given gain partly linked to L 1 , only the focal distance F can be reduced. But the reduction of the focal length can lead to a degradation of the radiation diagram (deformation, loss of gain, parasitic depointing). Thus, the length L 2 of the reflector is usually much greater than the length L 1 of the network.
  • the principle of the invention is then to create a shift in the positions of the radiating elements S 1 , S 2 , ..., S N of the network 1 in order to reduce the length L 2 of the reflector. This offset is made along the focal line D of the reflector 2.
  • N be the number of active radiating elements necessary to obtain the desired radioelectric characteristics (beam opening, gain, deflection range, etc.).
  • N is at least equal to L 1. (1 + sin) ⁇ M ⁇ ) / ⁇ , where ⁇ M is the maximum beam depointing angle and ⁇ the length of working wave.
  • mechanical means make it possible to physically move the network of N active elements along the focal line D. This movement takes place on the side opposite to the beam pointing direction, by a distance d. It appears then that the necessary dimension of the reflector to intercept the reflected beam of an angle maximum M maximum is no more than F.tan ( ⁇ M ) - d beyond the central zone of length L 1 , instead of the initial F.tan ( ⁇ M ). It is the same, symmetrically on the reflector, when the beam is depointed by - ⁇ M and the grating is moved mechanically in the other direction.
  • a minimum overall size of the antenna is found when, for a deflection of the beam over an angular range ⁇ ⁇ M , the linear array of length L 1 can be moved over ⁇ 1/2 F.tan ( ⁇ M )
  • This rack 5 is, in the example described, geared to a pinion 6 whose rotation is managed by a control module 4 as a function of the value of the deflection angle ⁇ , as shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b.
  • the mechanical movement along the focal line can be advantageously replaced by the use of K additional elements S N + 1 , ..., S N + K , fixed for the linear network.
  • N contiguous active radiating elements chosen from the N + K are used for a depointing of given beam, depending on the area to be intercepted on the reflector.
  • the active radiating elements chosen are the N upper elements S 1 , ..., S N positioned on the side opposite to the deflected beam, as shown in FIG. 3A.
  • the active elements are the N lower elements S K + 1 , ..., S N + K located on the other side, as shown in FIG. 3B.
  • the choice of the active elements is made from passive switching systems (electronic and / or electromechanical switches) C 1 , C 2 , ..., C N + K.
  • This switching can advantageously be managed by the electronic scanning control 3, at the same time as the phase shift between the elements.
  • the switching system makes the elements S i + N , S i + N + 1 , ..., S N + K of the lower part of the network inactive.
  • the switching system makes the elements S 1 , S 2 , ..., S pN of the upper part of the network inactive.
  • phase shifts and positions active elements are substantially linear in function respectively of the sine and the tangent of the angle ⁇ .
  • the electronic scan control 3 can then establish a correspondence between positions and phase shifts respective of the N active radiating elements of the network, from the beam deflection ⁇ .
  • each radiating element can attribute to each radiating element an active or inactive state depending on the phase shifts applied.
  • This principle makes it possible to establish a direct correspondence between the position of the active elements and the phase shifts associates, without having to consider the value of the deviation ⁇ .
  • switching ON / OFF of amplifier power supplies can be used for this effect, in the case of active antennas where each element radiant has its own amplifier.
  • the invention could be applied to a sectional cylindrical reflector antenna elliptical or hyperbolic depending on the needs of the application. It could, for example, apply to an antenna with Cassegrain reflector.
  • the scope of the invention is also not limited to a cylindrical reflector of constant section.
  • the reflector could be, for example, globally shaped conical. In this case, the offset of the position of the elements active takes place along a focal line which is no longer parallel to a generator of the cylinder.
  • the active elements can occupy variable positions, according to the invention, according to the deflection of the beam, and arranged on a arc.
  • the invention described above could be applied by example to telecommunication satellites, radars, but also to any other transmitting and / or receiving device electromagnetic signals.

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  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP98401817A 1997-08-11 1998-07-17 Zylindrischer Reflektor mit gleitenden strahlenden Elementen Withdrawn EP0897201A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9710264A FR2767226B1 (fr) 1997-08-11 1997-08-11 Antenne cylindrique a elements rayonnants glissants
FR9710264 1997-08-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0897201A1 true EP0897201A1 (de) 1999-02-17

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EP98401817A Withdrawn EP0897201A1 (de) 1997-08-11 1998-07-17 Zylindrischer Reflektor mit gleitenden strahlenden Elementen

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EP (1) EP0897201A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2767226B1 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000059071A1 (en) * 1999-03-31 2000-10-05 The University Court Of The University Of St. Andrews Antenna system
EP2919321A4 (de) * 2012-11-07 2016-07-06 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Arraygespeiste reflektorantennenvorrichtung und herstellungsverfahren dafür
CN113917546A (zh) * 2021-12-07 2022-01-11 西安空间无线电技术研究所 一种基于馈源合成阵列的星载扫描型推扫辐射计系统

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10050726B2 (en) 2014-02-11 2018-08-14 Vega Grieshaber Kg Fill level and topology determination

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3569976A (en) * 1968-08-29 1971-03-09 William Korvin Antenna array at focal plane of reflector with coupling network for beam switching
US4819000A (en) * 1987-08-10 1989-04-04 Micronav Ltd. Scanning antenna having amplitude and phase distribution diversity
US5202700A (en) * 1988-11-03 1993-04-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Array fed reflector antenna for transmitting & receiving multiple beams
EP0640844A1 (de) * 1993-08-23 1995-03-01 Alcatel Espace Doppelstrahlantenne mit elektronischer Strahlablenkung
EP0682383A1 (de) * 1994-05-10 1995-11-15 Dassault Electronique Mehrfachstrahlantenne für den Mikrowellenempfang von mehreren Satelliten

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3569976A (en) * 1968-08-29 1971-03-09 William Korvin Antenna array at focal plane of reflector with coupling network for beam switching
US4819000A (en) * 1987-08-10 1989-04-04 Micronav Ltd. Scanning antenna having amplitude and phase distribution diversity
US5202700A (en) * 1988-11-03 1993-04-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Array fed reflector antenna for transmitting & receiving multiple beams
EP0640844A1 (de) * 1993-08-23 1995-03-01 Alcatel Espace Doppelstrahlantenne mit elektronischer Strahlablenkung
EP0682383A1 (de) * 1994-05-10 1995-11-15 Dassault Electronique Mehrfachstrahlantenne für den Mikrowellenempfang von mehreren Satelliten

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
TACHI K ET AL: "ADVANCED MICROWAVE SCANNING RADIOMETER (AMSR): REQUIREMENTS AND PRELIMINARY DESIGN STUDY", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, vol. 27, no. 2, 1 March 1989 (1989-03-01), pages 177 - 183, XP000118519 *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000059071A1 (en) * 1999-03-31 2000-10-05 The University Court Of The University Of St. Andrews Antenna system
EP2919321A4 (de) * 2012-11-07 2016-07-06 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Arraygespeiste reflektorantennenvorrichtung und herstellungsverfahren dafür
US9601827B2 (en) 2012-11-07 2017-03-21 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Array-fed reflector antenna device and method of controlling this device
CN113917546A (zh) * 2021-12-07 2022-01-11 西安空间无线电技术研究所 一种基于馈源合成阵列的星载扫描型推扫辐射计系统
CN113917546B (zh) * 2021-12-07 2024-05-31 西安空间无线电技术研究所 一种基于馈源合成阵列的星载扫描型推扫辐射计系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2767226A1 (fr) 1999-02-12
FR2767226B1 (fr) 1999-10-22

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