EP0909703B1 - Gouvernail pour bateaux - Google Patents

Gouvernail pour bateaux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0909703B1
EP0909703B1 EP98250358A EP98250358A EP0909703B1 EP 0909703 B1 EP0909703 B1 EP 0909703B1 EP 98250358 A EP98250358 A EP 98250358A EP 98250358 A EP98250358 A EP 98250358A EP 0909703 B1 EP0909703 B1 EP 0909703B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rudder
blade
steering
outlet openings
rudder blade
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98250358A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0909703A3 (fr
EP0909703A2 (fr
Inventor
Wolfgang Barkemeyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MARIFIN BEHEER BV
Original Assignee
BARKEMEYER-Schiffstechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BARKEMEYER-Schiffstechnik GmbH filed Critical BARKEMEYER-Schiffstechnik GmbH
Publication of EP0909703A2 publication Critical patent/EP0909703A2/fr
Publication of EP0909703A3 publication Critical patent/EP0909703A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0909703B1 publication Critical patent/EP0909703B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
    • B63H25/06—Steering by rudders
    • B63H25/38—Rudders

Definitions

  • the invention relates to rudders for watercraft according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Rudders for watercraft are usually one vertical axis, which the rudder with the wheelhouse connecting and guided by a hull-proof coker Rudder shaft, swiveling to each side.
  • a rudder pressure is created, which turns into an against the Directional resistance component and at a deflection of the rudder from the middle or Normal position in a direction transverse to the direction of travel control or effecting the control of the watercraft Split rudder force.
  • the rudder force through the rudder pressure side facing the inflow and applied the rudder suction side facing away from the inflow, where the rudder pressure side about a third of the rudder transverse force and the rudder suction side about two thirds of the Rudder force.
  • a vortex-free flow onto the rudder only occurs when the inflow is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the profile is or runs perpendicular to the rudder stock or forms a relatively small angle with it.
  • the flow on the rudder suction side is cut off just behind the profile head of the streamlined rudder and there is a strong on the rudder suction side Vortex formation.
  • This has a significant reduction the rudder transverse force used to control the watercraft and a significant increase in drag of the rudder. For this reason such rudders only work up to a deflection from approx. 25 ° to 30 ° rudder position satisfactory.
  • Angle breaks the rudder transverse force, because the rudder suction side no longer flows around due to the suction side tear becomes.
  • GB 2 021 062 A is designed as a so-called rotor rudder High-performance rudder known from a main rudder blade and a hinged fin rudder blade exists that deflects independently of the main rudder blade can be.
  • a curved rudder head is on the front edge of the rudder is cylindrical or cylindrical Rotor arranged on the suction side in the direction of Inflow is driven all round.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a rudder for watercraft without additional attachments or moving parts outside the rudder blade both the resistance component directed against the direction of travel to reduce the rudder as well as a rudder deflection maintain the effectiveness of the rudder suction side.
  • the solution according to the invention creates one designed as a thruster High-performance rudder for watercraft, in which a suction side tear even with large rudder positions prevented and thus built up a maximum rowing power and its resistance component directed against the direction of travel both in the neutral middle position as is also minimal with all rudder deflections. This effect without additional attachments or moving parts achieved outside the rudder blade, so that the strength values of the rudder are not affected and no complex constructions are required.
  • the effect of the thruster is comparable to that Effect of a pipe bend that affects the rudder blade incoming flow deflects on both sides and thus prevents a suction side tear in the event of a rudder deflection or the surface resistance when the rudder is in normal position decreases.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention Solution is characterized in that the outlet openings on the front third in the direction of travel of the watercraft of the rudder blade are arranged. Because the suction side tear occurs with growing rudder positions on this side, is an introduction of energy into this area of the rudder blade most effective on the respective rudder suction side, to achieve a large total rudder force and to continuously flow around the rudder suction side.
  • the arrangement of further outlet openings distributed over the entire side surfaces of the rudder blade serves to prevent cavitation by blowing out the endangered Reduce or prevent spots on the rudder blade.
  • this can also improve propulsion can be achieved by, for example, both sides of the rudder blade is blown out and thus Steam bubbles can be avoided.
  • outlet openings in Direction of travel of the watercraft one behind the other and / or offset from each other the outlet openings at least part of the height of the rudder blade can be arranged distributed.
  • the outlet openings preferably consist of vertical slots extending to the direction of travel of the watercraft.
  • the exit velocity of the medium can both side surfaces of the rudder blade preferably independently can be controlled from each other.
  • the Discharge of the medium varies over the height of the rudder blade controllable.
  • the exit of the medium on both side surfaces of the rudder blade in Asymmetrical with respect to the vertical axis of the rudder blade controllable taking into account the propeller twist the asymmetrical blowing out to a further improvement propulsion and avoidance or reduction of cavitation symptoms.
  • the conveying device for the medium can optionally in Rudder blade or be arranged in the watercraft, whereby with an arrangement of the conveyor in the watercraft the medium is routed via a line, through which the Rudder blade connecting to the hull of the watercraft Rudder and / or the rudder leadership is led through the koker serving the ship wall.
  • the conveyor is arranged in the rudder blade is preferably the suction opening for the liquid medium arranged in the rudder blade itself, especially on the leading edge of the rudder blade at the level of the propeller shaft.
  • Another advantageous embodiment of the invention Solution is characterized in that the leading edge of the Rudder blade consists of an anchor head that with the through the side surfaces of the rudder blade limited rudder body is connectable and that the outlet openings between the End faces of the side surfaces and the side edges of the anchor head are trained.
  • the anchor head to the rudder body can be the size of the Outlet openings in a simple and reproducible way can be set.
  • the rudder blade consists of a profiled rudder body and a domed rudder head and from the rudder head to one Trailing edge of the rudder blade converging side surfaces, so the outlet openings are preferred in the the area of the side surfaces adjacent to the rudder head.
  • FIG 2 shows a side view and Figure 3 in one Front view in a schematic perspective view a rudder blade 1 of a thruster according to the invention.
  • the Rudder blade 1 consists of a profile body with a Leading edge 11, which is profiled and spaced apart Side surfaces 12, 13 merges, which in turn to the rear edge 14 of the rudder blade 1 converge.
  • the rudder blade 1 is connected to a rudder post 2, which by one, not shown, with the hull of the watercraft firmly connected koker is and in one Wheelhouse ends that with appropriate controls is provided to change the rudder position.
  • outlet openings 3 intended for a liquid and / or gaseous medium. These outlet openings 3 are preferably designed so that the medium is in the direction of travel, that is, from the leading edge 11 directed towards the rear edge 14, from the outlet openings 3 flows out.
  • the outlet openings 3 can be designed differently as well as arranged in different configurations. For example, one of the top edge 15 of the rudder blade 1 to its lower edge 16 continuous gap in both side surfaces 12, 13 of the rudder blade 1 in the same Distance from the leading edge 11 possible.
  • Another Embodiment can consist in that according to FIG. 2 Exit gaps in each side surface 12, 13 in the top and the lower half of the rudder and each one Medium line 41, 42 connected to a conveyor 5 are.
  • the conveyor preferably consisting of a pump 5 is connected to a via a medium supply line 40 Inlet 4 connected through which the liquid in this case Medium sucked in and via the medium line 41, 42 to the Outlet openings 3 is conveyed where it with a predetermined Exit speed from the exit openings 3 exit.
  • the power supply of the conveyor 5 takes place via a cable 51, which is preferably through a Bore 20 in rudder post 2 or through the koker is.
  • the distance of the outlet openings 3 from the leading edge 11 of rudder blade 1 varies depending on the thrust load of the propeller. In this sense, too several outlet openings at different distances arranged to the leading edge 11 of the rudder blade 1 and each via separate pipes with the conveyor 5 get connected.
  • throttle valves in the individual medium lines 41, 42 can the pressure conditions and thus the exit speed of the liquid and / or gaseous medium in the different Outlet openings 31 to 34 fixed or variable become.
  • the pressure side is individually controllable. This can depend on the rudder position and the rudder deflection to port or starboard in the respective suction side of the rudder blade 1 over the Outlet openings 3 the liquid and / or gaseous Medium with a predeterminable or variable exit speed be blown out to be effective in this way to avoid a suction side tear.
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic schematic perspective side view an alternative arrangement of the thruster according to the invention, where the conveyor is not in rudder blade 1, but outside the rudder blade, for example in Rudder engine room is arranged.
  • the supply of the gaseous or liquid medium takes place, for example, via a Bore 20 in the rudder shaft 2 to a medium line 43, the is divided into a plurality of medium lines 44, 45 which lead to the Outlet openings 31 to 34 on the two side surfaces 12, 13 of the rudder blade 1 and, for example, in groups in outlet openings 31 to 34 in the upper and lower rudder half are summarized.
  • Figure 4 shows the both to the outlet opening groups 31, 33 in the rudder surface 12 arranged above and below the rudder blade center Outlet openings 31 and 33 leading medium lines 44, 45.
  • the air supply can in the arrangement according to Figure 4 from outside the rudder blade, for example from the Rowing machine room.
  • the supply of the necessary Air to the outlet openings can also through the Rudder shaft 2 or the koker to the medium lines 44, 45 respectively.
  • FIG. 5 shows in a cross section through the front part of a rudder blade 1 Anchor or rudder head 10, on which the rudder side surfaces Connect 12, 13. In the transition area from the rudder head 10 to the side surfaces 12, 13 become outlet openings 35, 36 formed by opening cylinders 61, 62 in via a connecting device 6 at a predetermined distance to be arranged to each other.
  • the connecting device 6 consists of a bulkhead or one or more spacers that the setting of the exit gaps 35, 36 in both side surfaces 12, 13 of the rudder blade 1 serve.
  • FIG. 6 shows a variant in which an adjusting device 7 the distance between the cylinders 61, 62 to each other by a variable-length connecting device 60 can be set. That way the cross section of the outlet openings 35, 36 varies and be adapted to the respective operating conditions. Depending on Rudder deflection can be on the port or starboard side Outlet openings 35, 36 are opened or closed and in the normal position of the rudder blade 1, both outlet openings can 35, 36 are opened to improve propulsion and to help prevent cavitation.
  • Figure 7 shows a variant in which the exit column 35, 36 and the two side surfaces 12, 13 of the rudder blade 1 fixed using a special setting device can be.
  • Exit cylinders 61, 62 are provided, which have a spacer 60 are connected.
  • An anchor head 100 has a bore 101 for receiving a bolt 8 on, which can be connected to a bolt receptacle 102.
  • the Gap S between the anchor head 100 and the bolt receptacle 102 can be varied by means of the bolt 8 so that a different gap size for the exit gap 35, 36 is adjustable.
  • the opening 101 in the anchor head 100 can after the fixed setting of the gap S, that is after installation of the anchor head are filled, so that an uninterrupted, smooth leading edge of the rudder blade 1 is given.
  • Figure 8 illustrates in a diagram that with the invention Solution compared to conventional rowing or High-performance rowing achievable advantages.
  • FIG. 8 shows the course of the coefficients c l of the rudder transverse force (LIFT) and of the drag coefficient c d of the rudder longitudinal force (DRAG) as a function of the rudder deflection for different rudder types.
  • c l and c d are the coefficients of the rudder lateral force and rudder longitudinal force, rho the specific weight of the water, v the flow velocity, AR the effective rudder area and the product v 2 * AR representing the dynamic pressure.
  • the coefficients c l and c d shown for a normal rudder NR, a high-performance fin rudder FR, a rotor rudder RR and a thruster SRA illustrate the effectiveness of the solution according to the invention. While the rudder shear coefficient c l for a normal rudder NR and a high-performance fin rudder FR reaches a maximum value of 1.0 or 1.6 with a rudder deflection of 25 ° or 28 ° and then drops exponentially due to the suction side tear, the rudder shear coefficient shows c l for a rotor rudder RR an increase up to a maximum of 1.6 with a rudder deflection of approx. 50 ° and then a linear decrease.
  • the rudder lateral force coefficient c l increases with a thruster SRA to a first maximum value of approx. 2.0 with a rudder deflection of approx. 30 ° with a further increase up to a second maximum of approx. 2.2 with a rudder deflection of approx. 45 ° to then drop linearly to a value of 1.0 with a rudder deflection of 70 °.
  • This graph shows that in the main working area of a rudder with a rudder angle of 45 °, the thruster SRA generates a maximum lateral force component that is well above the maximum values of the conventional rudders.
  • the rudder longitudinal force coefficient c d is entered for a normal rudder NR and a rotor rudder RR, the rudder longitudinal force coefficient increasing with increasing rudder position.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)

Claims (21)

  1. Gouvernail pour bateau, muni d'un safran qui comporte un bord avant ou tête de gouvernail et des faces latérales qui s'y raccordent et qui présentent un certain écartement entre elles,
    caractérisé en ce que
    des orifices de sortie (3; 31 à 36) pour un agent liquide et/ou gazeux sont ménagés dans les faces latérales (12,13) du safran (1), tandis que la section transversale des orifices de sortie est variable.
  2. Gouvernail pour bateau selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les orifices de sortie (3; 31 à 36) sont ménagés sur le tiers avant du safran (1) dans le sens de déplacement du bateau.
  3. Gouvernail pour bateau selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que des orifices de sortie supplémentaires (3; 31 à 36) sont ménagés de façon répartie sur les faces latérales (12,13) du safran (1).
  4. Gouvernail pour bateau selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs orifices de sortie (3; 31 à 36) sont disposés l'un derrière l'autre et/ou de façon décalée entre eux dans le sens de déplacement du bateau.
  5. Gouvernail pour bateau selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs orifices de sortie (3; 31 à 36) sont disposés de façon répartie au moins sur une partie de la hauteur du safran (1).
  6. Gouvernail pour bateau selon au moins l'une des revendications précédéntés, caractérisé en ce que les orifices de sortie (3; 31 à 36) consistent en des échancrures s'étendant perpendiculairement à la direction de déplacement du bateau.
  7. Gouvernail pour bateau selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la vitesse de sortie de l'agent est variable.
  8. Gouvernail pour bateau selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les sections transversales des orifices de sortie (3; 31 à 36) et/ou la vitesse de sortie de l'agent sur les deux faces latérales (12,13) du safran (1) peuvent être commandées de façon indépendante entre elles.
  9. Gouvernail pour bateau selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la sortie de l'agent au-dessus de la hauteur du safran (1) peut être commandée de façon différente.
  10. Gouvernail pour bateau selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la sortie de l'agent sur les deux faces latérales (12,13) du safran (1) peut être commandée de façon asymétrique par rapport à l'axe vertical du safran (1).
  11. Gouvernail pour bateau selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'on peut faire varier la vitesse de sortie de l'agent au moyen d'un dispositif de refoulement.
  12. Gouvernail pour bateau selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de refoulement (5) est ménagé dans le safran (1).
  13. Gouvernail pour bateau selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de refoulement (5) est disposé dans le bateau et l'agent est amené par une conduits (20) qui est menée par la mèche de gouvernail (2) reliant le safran (1) à la coque du bateau et/ou par la jaumière.
  14. Gouvernail pour bateau selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'orifice d'aspiration (4) pour un agent liquide est pratiqué dans le safran (1).
  15. Gouvernail pour bateau selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que l'orifice d'aspiration (4) est disposé sur le bord avant (11) du safran (1), de préférence à la hauteur de l'arbre porte-hélice.
  16. Gouvernail pour bateau selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes 1-13, caractérisé en ce que l'orifice d'aspiration pour un agent gazeux est ménagé dans ou sur la coque du bateau.
  17. Gouvernail pour bateau selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le bord avant (11) du safran (1) consiste en une tête d'ancre (10,100) qui peut être raccordée au corps de gouvernail délimité par les faces latérales (12,13) du safran (1) et en ce que les orifices de sortie (3; 31 à 36) sont pratiqués entre les côtés frontaux des faces latérales (12,13) et les bords latéraux de la tête d'ancre (10,100).
  18. Gouvernail pour bateau selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que la dimension des orifices de sortie (3; 31 à 36) est ajustable en modifiant la distance entre la tête d'ancré (10,100) et le corps de gouvernail.
  19. Gouvernail pour bateau selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le safran (1) consiste en un corps de gouvernail profilé et une tête de gouvernail bombée ainsi qu'en des faces latérales (12,13) convergeant depuis la tête de gouvernail jusqu'à un bord arrière (14) du safran (1) et en ce que les orifices de sortie (3; 31 à 36) sont prévus dans la zone des faces latérales (12,13) qui est limitrophe de la tête de gouvernail
  20. Gouvernail pour bateau selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le gouvernail consiste en un gouvernail à aileron haute performance avec un safran à aileron articulé sur le bord arrière d'un safran principal et en ce que dans le tiers avant du safran principal dans le sens de déplacement du bateau sont prévus des orifices de sortie pour un agent liquide et/ou gazeux.
  21. Gouvernail pour bateau selon la revendication 20, caractérisé en ce que, dans le tiers antérieur du safran à aileron se raccordant sur l'articulation du safran à aileron au safran principal, sont ménagés des orifices de sortie pour un agent liquide et/ou gazeux.
EP98250358A 1997-10-16 1998-10-13 Gouvernail pour bateaux Expired - Lifetime EP0909703B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19746711 1997-10-16
DE19746711A DE19746711A1 (de) 1997-10-16 1997-10-16 Steuerruder für Wasserfahrzeuge

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0909703A2 EP0909703A2 (fr) 1999-04-21
EP0909703A3 EP0909703A3 (fr) 2001-08-29
EP0909703B1 true EP0909703B1 (fr) 2003-06-04

Family

ID=7846315

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98250358A Expired - Lifetime EP0909703B1 (fr) 1997-10-16 1998-10-13 Gouvernail pour bateaux

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0909703B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19746711A1 (fr)
NO (1) NO984812L (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102844236A (zh) * 2010-03-23 2012-12-26 万德维登巴克米尔公司 用于船的舵

Families Citing this family (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19960577A1 (de) * 1999-12-15 2001-06-21 Schottel Gmbh & Co Kg Vorrichtung zur Veränderung der Fahrtrichtung eines Wasserfahrzeugs
DE10160000B4 (de) * 2001-12-07 2005-10-27 Kvaerner Warnow Werft Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Reduzieren von Materialschäden an Schiffsrudern
KR101259460B1 (ko) * 2010-11-17 2013-04-30 삼성중공업 주식회사 선박의 타력증대장치
CN105366024B (zh) * 2015-12-10 2017-05-31 重庆交通大学 一种减阻节能型舵叶
US10422267B2 (en) * 2016-11-16 2019-09-24 Benjamin Quinby Marine rudder exhaust system
DE102023100314B4 (de) 2023-01-09 2024-09-05 Universität Rostock, Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erhöhung einer Auftriebskraft an einem Schiffsruder mittels aktiver Strömungskontrolle, sowie Schiffsruder
CN116252939B (zh) * 2023-02-28 2024-02-02 中国船舶科学研究中心 一种适用于x型操纵面水下航行器的主动流动控制方法

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DE665716C (de) 1935-07-17 1938-10-01 Fried Krupp Germaniawerft Akt Stromlinienfoermiges Balanceruder
US2145463A (en) * 1936-09-08 1939-01-31 Jacob G Spinanger Air film lubrication of marine vessels
US2961987A (en) * 1958-08-13 1960-11-29 Interessengemeinschaft Mello R Rudders for ships
DE1506567A1 (de) 1967-04-27 1973-08-23 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Steuereinrichtung fuer pendelruder
US3915106A (en) * 1973-07-02 1975-10-28 Supramar Ag Hydrofoil with lift control by airfreed for watercraft
DE2820355C2 (de) 1978-05-10 1984-02-02 Jastram-Werke Gmbh Kg, 2050 Hamburg Ruder für Wasserfahrzeuge und schwimmendes Gerät
DE3010431A1 (de) 1980-03-19 1981-09-24 Johann B. Dr.-Ing. 8000 München Endres Einrichtung zur verringerung des oberflaechenreibungswiderstandes bei stroemungskoerpern
SE8104074L (sv) * 1981-06-30 1982-12-31 Bengt Akerblom Stromningsmodifierande element, serskilt roder
AU625994B2 (en) * 1988-10-20 1992-07-23 J.P. Van Gelder Marine Pty Limited Improved cross-sectional design of a foil

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102844236A (zh) * 2010-03-23 2012-12-26 万德维登巴克米尔公司 用于船的舵
CN102844236B (zh) * 2010-03-23 2015-11-25 万德维登巴克米尔公司 用于船的舵

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO984812L (no) 1999-04-19
EP0909703A3 (fr) 2001-08-29
DE59808597D1 (de) 2003-07-10
DE19746711A1 (de) 1999-04-22
EP0909703A2 (fr) 1999-04-21
NO984812D0 (no) 1998-10-15

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