Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
  • F41H3/00—Camouflage, i.e. means or methods for concealment or disguise
  • F41H3/02—Flexible, e.g. fabric covers, e.g. screens, nets characterised by their material or structure
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
  • F41H3/00—Camouflage, i.e. means or methods for concealment or disguise
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10S428/919—Camouflaged article
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24917—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including metal layer
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31678—Of metal
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
  • Y10T442/102—Woven scrim
  • Y10T442/172—Coated or impregnated
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
  • Y10T442/102—Woven scrim
  • Y10T442/172—Coated or impregnated
  • Y10T442/174—Including particulate material other than fiber in coating or impregnation
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2041—Two or more non-extruded coatings or impregnations
  • Y10T442/2098—At least two coatings or impregnations of different chemical composition
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2041—Two or more non-extruded coatings or impregnations
  • Y10T442/2098—At least two coatings or impregnations of different chemical composition
  • Y10T442/2107—At least one coating or impregnation contains particulate material
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2041—Two or more non-extruded coatings or impregnations
  • Y10T442/2098—At least two coatings or impregnations of different chemical composition
  • Y10T442/2107—At least one coating or impregnation contains particulate material
  • Y10T442/2115—At least one coating or impregnation functions to fix pigments or particles on the surface of a coating or impregnation
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2041—Two or more non-extruded coatings or impregnations
  • Y10T442/2123—At least one coating or impregnation contains particulate material
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2041—Two or more non-extruded coatings or impregnations
  • Y10T442/2123—At least one coating or impregnation contains particulate material
  • Y10T442/2131—At least one coating or impregnation functions to fix pigments or particles on the surface of a coating or impregnation
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/259—Coating or impregnation provides protection from radiation [e.g., U.V., visible light, I.R., micscheme-change-itemave, high energy particle, etc.] or heat retention thru radiation absorption
  • Y10T442/2598—Radiation reflective
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
  • Y10T442/654—Including a free metal or alloy constituent
  • Y10T442/656—Preformed metallic film or foil or sheet [film or foil or sheet had structural integrity prior to association with the nonwoven fabric]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
  • Y10T442/654—Including a free metal or alloy constituent
  • Y10T442/657—Vapor, chemical, or spray deposited metal layer

Definitions

• the invention relates to a camouflage structure with a layer reflecting in the IR range, and to a camouflage network with such a structure.
• camouflage of objects, systems and people is a central aspect of every military defense system.
• IR infrared
• camouflage layers that perform this task more or less well have been known for a long time.
• the camouflage effect In order to be able to achieve a good camouflage coating, the camouflage effect must of course extend to the entire wavelength range that can be detected by sensors. In the infrared, the spectral range covering atmospheric windows II (3 - 5 ⁇ m) and III (8 - 14 ⁇ m) must be taken into account (see e.g. Electro-Optics Handbook, Technical Series EOH-11, RCA Corporation, 1974, p. 91, paragraph 2).
• a camouflage coating with an effective broadband effect from the visible to at least the IR spectral range is already known from GB-565.238.
• the camouflage effect is achieved in that an upper coating, which is responsible for the camouflage in the visible range, is made transparent for infrared radiation, and that an underlying primer reflects the infrared radiation in the desired manner.
• the known coating thus consists of a primer and a camouflage paint (pigment layer) applied to it, which reflects in the visible area like the natural background (for example chlorophyll).
• the primer is reflective in the area of terrestrial thermal radiation and the cover layer is transparent for this spectral area.
• the pigment layer must therefore use a binder that has good transparency in the spectral ranges of atmospheric windows II and III.
• DE-PS 977 526 discloses camouflage which is effective in visible light, in the infrared region and in the case of radar sighting.
• a camouflage net is provided with an electrically conductive underlayer (primer). It can either be a metal paint (metallic color) or a glued-on metal foil.
• the primer is designed so that it is well reflective in the relevant wavelength range.
• the homogeneous metallic primer due to the low surface resistance of at most a few ohms reflects well in the radar range.
• Scattering and absorbing layers are applied to the primer.
• the top layer is preferably a camouflage paint which is effective in the visible range and is applied in a manner known per se.
• camouflage coating is known from DE 725 253.
• an underlay of the visible camouflage coating with a layer reflecting in the long-wave area is suggested (see eg page 2, lines 19 - 32), which consists of a Metal foil (see page 2, Ex. 4) or a metallic color (see page 2, lines 33 - 43).
• An aluminum foil (because it forms a homogeneous metallic coating) has a very good conductivity, i.e. a strong reflective effect for electromagnetic radiation in the radar range.
• the known coating is thus designed so that it also automatically reflects in the radar range.
• foils with slits can be used (see e.g. US 3.069.796 or DE 1.088.843).
• the object of the invention is to provide a camouflage structure which does not lose its effectiveness compared to clearing in the IR range, even under changing temperature conditions (day / night, sunshine / cloud cover)
• the camouflage structure in atmospheric windows II and III tends to have a different course of emissivity in other words.
• emissivity in the IR range is not simply constant at a certain level Level, but has an increasing or decreasing tendency in at least one spectral range, with atmospheric windows II and III being of particular importance
• the thermal behavior (i.e. the black body spectrum) of the ground is imitated, both when exposed to sunlight and when there is cloudiness.
• the temperature (or the IR spectrum) of the air layer close to the ground The clear sky means that the temperature profile of the ground is significantly different from that of the air.
• the temperature distribution of the air is much narrower than that of the ground Adaptation to the floor temperature
• camouflage An important finding for the camouflage according to the invention is that the zenith temperature is a significant factor for the floor temperature or for its imitation.
• the goodness of the camouflage depends on how the zenith temperature is reflected However, these are not constant in the IR range, but are dependent on the wavelength.
• the basic finding is therefore that a camouflage structure has to be spectrally adapted, whereby the circumstances have to be taken into account by an appropriately adapted tendency to emissivity if the camouflage effect is to go beyond the known.
• the emissivity in the upper wavelength range of the atmospheric window II is at least 25%, in particular approximately 50% lower than in its lower wavelength range. In this way, an undesirable gloss effect (not corresponding to the natural or real background) of the camouflage coating can be minimized.
• the spectral emissivity should be slightly reduced.
• the trend can be constant.
• the value of the relative emissivity can range between 0.7 - 0.9 (e.g. around 0.8).
• the camouflage effect may are adversely affected by the fact that the tendency towards a low zenith temperature is reflected too strongly, which becomes apparent as a "black hole" in the reconnaissance.
• the camouflage structure according to the invention has at least two layers. The lower one is reflective in the IR range. The upper one mainly consists of a material that is transparent in atmospheric window II, but not in window III.
• the top layer is e.g. a pigment coating, which is responsible for the camouflage in the visible area.
• the above-mentioned material of the cover layer which is only transparent in spectral regions, is then essentially formed by the binder (including the color pigments) (carrier or matrix made of plastic).
• the lower layer (primer) mentioned is metallic.
• Aluminum is a preferred example.
• the primer can be designed as a metal foil or as a vapor-deposited or sprayed-on layer on a carrier material.
• the interface of the primer facing the upper layer is structured three-dimensionally, so that the emissivity of the camouflage structure in the atmospheric window II decreases with increasing wavelength.
• the three-dimensional structure mentioned can be e.g. in that a carrier formed from a fiber material (fabric) is coated with a metallic coating.
• a metal foil or a foil coated with metal
• Another possibility is e.g. in using a brushed aluminum sheet as the underlayer.
• multispectral camouflage is very often required. This means that it is not sufficient to ensure camouflage in the IR range, but at the same time a dart camouflage can be created.
• a good camouflage in the radar area can be achieved that on the one hand the resistance of the metallic coating is selected appropriately and on the other hand there is a three-dimensional shape of the camouflaging surface.
• the resistance in the radar range must be dimensioned so that radar waves are absorbed to a certain extent.
• the (wavelength-dependent) resistance is preferably in the range of 30-300 ohms.
• the resistance can be adjusted by the choice of the layer thickness, the material of the layer, the local opening (holes). Instead of attenuating the electrical field, this can also be done by the magnetic field of the radar wave (e.g. by applying a magnetic layer).
• a sheet cut (as is known, for example, from US 3,069,796 or DE 1,088,843) can be applied to a fabric or laminate.
• This measure also has an advantageous effect in the IR range, since it also helps to ensure that the zenith temperature is reflected in a wide variety of observation directions.
• Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a camouflage structure with a fabric as
• Carrier shows a schematic illustration of a camouflage structure in the form of a laminate
• FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a curve according to the invention of the spectral emissivity of the camouflage structure.
• Fig. 1 shows the structure of the camouflage structure according to the invention in cross section.
• a fiber fabric 1 is used as the carrier.
• This is not only very robust and tear-resistant, but also has a three-dimensionally structured surface (in the micrometer range) 1.1.
• the surface 1.1 is formed by a large number of fine, more or less cylindrical fibers (made of polyester or the like), which lie close together and one above the other. This creates a three-dimensionality which can have a scattering effect in the manner described below for infrared radiation 5 ⁇ in the range of 3 m.
• the surface 1.1 is covered with a metal coating 2. This can be sprayed on, vapor deposited or possibly even spread on. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, it is used not only for reflection (or scattering) of the infrared radiation, but also for camouflage in the radar range.
• the necessary adjustment of the conductivity takes place on the one hand through the suitable choice of the material, on the other hand (and above all) by determining the layer thickness.
• the surface resistance in the frequency range of radar waves is preferably in the range from a few to a few hundred ohms.
• the (usually very thin) metal coating 2 is applied to a carrier with a three-dimensionally structured surface 1.1, it has a corresponding structuring in the micrometer range itself on its upper side 2.1.
• a cover layer 3 At the top is a cover layer 3. Since this is intended to camouflage in the visible wavelength range (in a manner known per se), it is designed as a pigment layer. Depending on the purpose of the camouflage, the color of the pigments will be more in the gray tone or more in the green tone area.
• the binder of the pigment layer (which is decisive for the behavior of the top layer 3 in the infrared range) is transparent for wavelengths of 3-5 ⁇ m (atmospheric window II), but not so for wavelengths of 8-14 ⁇ m (atmospheric window) III).
• the transparency of the top layer 3 can be adjusted by the choice of the layer thickness. If the cover layer 3 is sufficiently thin, a certain transparency (and consequently an emissivity at the desired height) can ultimately be achieved in the atmospheric window III.
• the camouflage structure according to the invention can also be formed by a laminate. Such is shown by way of example in FIG. 2.
• the lower layer which can be applied to a support, not shown, or possibly is a metal foil 4 itself. It is covered with a cover layer 5, which can be of the same design as that described with reference to FIG. 1.
• scatter bodies 6 are embedded in the cover layer 5 (or at the interface between the metal foil 4 and the cover layer 5). They are particles whose size is at least in the range of the wavelength of interest (3 - 5 ⁇ m), so that they can develop a scattering effect. It can be advantageous if the statistical distribution of the particle size is not too narrow (use of polydisperse matting agents).
• the layer structure according to the invention is particularly suitable for camouflage nets.
• camouflage nets are fabric or foil-like tarpaulins that can be thrown over the objects to be camouflaged.
• these camouflage nets are preferably provided with a suitable leaf cut. When spread out, the cut leaves stand up and develop a diffuse scattering effect in the radar range.
• the emissivity is slightly less than 1.0 (e.g. between 0.65 and 0.9).
• the emissivity decreases with increasing wavelength. In the present example, it falls to almost half of the original value, i.e. to 0.3 - 0.45.
• the slope of the waste is e.g. at an octave per micron, especially at about a decade per micron. 3 shows a small plateau in the range between 4 ⁇ m and 5 ⁇ m.
• a sharp increase to a maximum level begins at 5 ⁇ m. This is preferably at least as high as the emissivity in the atmospheric window III. In the present case, the maximum is in the range of 0.85 - 1.0. The trend of emissivity - after rising to the maximum - tends to be consistently high.
• the emissivity should be reduced in the atmospheric window III. In the present example it is between 0.75 - 0.85. The trend is also constant in this wavelength range (i.e. neither rising nor falling).
• emissivity does not necessarily have to increase to a maximum level. For example, it can also rise slowly and more or less continuously to the level desired in window III. Because the atmosphere in the Range between 5 ⁇ m and 8 ⁇ m is not permeable, the course of the emissivity in this wavelength range is not very critical for the quality of the camouflage effect.
• camouflage net in the manner of a patchwork arrangement. It should be noted here that the emissivity according to the invention should not be met at a single point in the network, but only as a whole (i.e. taking into account a larger area).
• camouflage nets are the preferred application, it is not excluded that the camouflage structure according to the invention is attached to the surface of a housing of a technical device or a building.
• the invention has created a camouflage structure which, owing to the wavelength-dependent emissivity, is able to develop a camouflage effect which is optimally adapted to the specific circumstances.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
• Air Bags (AREA)
• Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)

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• 1998
  • 1998-02-02 DE DE59800617T patent/DE59800617D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1998-02-02 EP EP98900838A patent/EP0912875B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-02-02 AT AT98900838T patent/ATE200570T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1998-02-02 DK DK98900838T patent/DK0912875T3/da active
  • 1998-02-02 ES ES98900838T patent/ES2158665T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-02-02 PT PT98900838T patent/PT912875E/pt unknown
  • 1998-02-02 WO PCT/CH1998/000038 patent/WO1998036234A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 1998-02-02 CA CA002272126A patent/CA2272126C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1998-02-02 US US09/331,115 patent/US6605340B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1998-02-02 AU AU56497/98A patent/AU729442B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1998-02-05 IL IL12319798A patent/IL123197A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1998-02-11 ZA ZA981133A patent/ZA981133B/xx unknown
• 2001
  • 2001-07-10 GR GR20010401044T patent/GR3036196T3/el not_active IP Right Cessation

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