EP0913070B1 - Four electrique de cuisson - Google Patents
Four electrique de cuisson Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0913070B1 EP0913070B1 EP97933715A EP97933715A EP0913070B1 EP 0913070 B1 EP0913070 B1 EP 0913070B1 EP 97933715 A EP97933715 A EP 97933715A EP 97933715 A EP97933715 A EP 97933715A EP 0913070 B1 EP0913070 B1 EP 0913070B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electric cooking
- cooking oven
- oven according
- wall
- waveguide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 title claims description 41
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021183 entrée Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021056 liquid food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021055 solid food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/74—Mode transformers or mode stirrers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/70—Feed lines
- H05B6/707—Feed lines using waveguides
- H05B6/708—Feed lines using waveguides in particular slotted waveguides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electric oven with at least one microwave energy source to deliver waves to a cooking chamber microwave, by means of a waveguide.
- a generally encountered problem in cooking in microwave mode lies in obtaining a good distribution of microwave energy within the enclosure cooking. Indeed, it is known that a standing wave regime settles in the cooking chamber for operation of the oven. As a result, the fields electric modes excited in the enclosure present bellies and knots of tension to which correspond so-called hot spots and points so-called cold at different places in the enclosure.
- a first type of solution consists in providing, in the cooking chamber, a wave agitator so constantly changing the standing wave regime established in the enclosure, and thus move the hot spots and cold spots.
- Another method widely used today current consists of placing the product to be heated or cook on a turntable. The relative displacement of the product and hot spots allows to standardize the cooking.
- FIGS 1 and 2 schematically illustrate the internal parts of a known oven operating according to this principle: in these figures, there is shown a cooking chamber 1 delimited by a bottom wall 10, a vault wall 11, a hearth wall 12 and two side walls 13 and 14.
- the side wall 13 has two horizontal openings 130 and 131 superimposed along the vertical of the wall 13, for the introduction of microwave energy.
- the waves are generated by the antenna of a magnetron (not shown), and transmitted to the cooking enclosure via a wave guide 2.
- the wave guide 2 has the general form of a rectangular parallelepiped whose longitudinal axis is vertical.
- the guide is delimited transversely by two rectangular flat surfaces 20 and 21, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the guide and separated by a predetermined distance d defining the length 1 of the guide. These two surfaces define reference planes on which the guided waves are reflected.
- the two surfaces 20 and 21 are interconnected at a right angle by two rectangular surfaces 22, 23, parallel to the side wall 13, each surface having two edges b 1 , b 2 , b 3 , b 4 of length d.
- the surface 22 furthest from the side wall 13 has a lateral extension 24 provided with an access 25 for receiving the waves generated by the antenna of the magnetron.
- the surface 23 constitutes the outlet plane of the guided waves and for this purpose comprises two openings 230 and 231 placed opposite the openings 130 and 131.
- the outlet plane of the waveguide is directly constituted by a part of the side wall of the enclosure.
- the present invention relates to an improvement to the structure as described above, allowing to obtain a better distribution of energy inside of the cooking chamber.
- the subject of the present invention is an electric cooking oven comprising an enclosure , a microwave energy source and a guide of waves of substantially parallelepipedal shape delimited transversely by two substantially rectangular surfaces located in two parallel planes separated by predefined distance, leaving guided waves by at least two zones located in a plane of outlet perpendicular to the two surfaces and delimited by two parallel borders connecting the two surfaces, characterized in that said borders have a length greater than the distance between the two surfaces, so as to optimize the number of transverse electric modes and / or magnetic excited inside the enclosure cooking in parallel excitation planes to the exit plan.
- the waveguide 2 ′ is of substantially parallelepipedal shape delimited transversely by two surfaces 20 ′, 21 ′ of substantially rectangular shape, and longitudinally by two surfaces 22 'and 23' forming, like the surfaces 22 and 23 of Figure 1, the inlet and outlet surfaces of the waveguide.
- the borders b ' 1 , b' 4 and b ' 2 , b' 3 respectively delimiting the entry planes 23 'and outlet 22' of the guide, by connecting the surfaces 20 'and 21', have a length 1 greater than the distance d separating said surfaces 20 ', 21'.
- the waveguide 2 ′ therefore no longer has the shape of a straight parallelepiped, but of an oblique parallelepiped whose longitudinal axis, parallel to said edges, is inclined relative to an axis orthogonal to the end surfaces 20 'and 21'. It follows that, for the same distance d separating the two surfaces 20 ′ and 21 ′, the waveguide 2 ′ according to the invention has a length 1 greater than that of the waveguide 2 in FIG. 1, this which will optimize, as will now be explained, the number of transverse electric and / or magnetic modes excited inside the cooking chamber 1, in excitation planes parallel to the outlet plane 23 'of the guide.
- the exit zones of the guide are distributed over the height.
- a mode of the enclosure located in the excitation planes parallel to the exit plane must have one of its tension bellies facing an exit zone of the waveguide. Consequently, all the modes of the form TE m0p or TM m0p which do not have bellies on the height, cannot be excited.
- the modes whose central frequency is too far from the 2450 MHz frequency will be very weakly coupled.
- the ultimately dominant modes, which should be excited are the modes TE 033 , TE 215 , TM 215 , TE 232 , TM 232 , TE 422 , TM 422 .
- FIGS. 5a and 5b make it possible to establish a comparison between the number of transverse electrical and / or magnetic modes excited using respectively a waveguide structure of the prior art and a waveguide structure according to the present invention .
- the reference P indicates an excitation plane of the modes parallel to the plane of exit of the waveguides. This excitation plane has the same dimensions as the side wall 13 of the cooking enclosure.
- the position of the tension bellies has been indicated for the various transverse electrical modes which should be excited. These positions are indicated by dots for TE 033 mode, by crosses for TE 232 mode, by rectangles for TE 422 mode and by diamonds for TE 215 mode.
- the outlet plane 23 'of the waveguide according to the invention is delimited by two edges b' 1 and b ' 4 connecting the surfaces 20' and 21 'over a length 1 greater than the distance d separating both surfaces.
- the oblong openings 230, 231 and 232 have a longitudinal axis extending in parallel at the end surfaces 20 ′ and 21 ′ of the guide.
- a wave which leaves the magnetron antenna does not travel the same distance to reach either end from the same opening. This results in a difference phase between the ends of an opening.
- Non-consistency in phase of the waves at the ends of an opening has the consequence that the electric field radiated towards the enclosure through this opening is not maximum.
- the oblong openings are tilted 230 to 232 with respect to a transverse axis of the plane of outlet 23 'parallel to the end surfaces 20' and 21 ', so as to reduce the difference in distance to cover for a wave from the antenna to both ends from the same opening.
- the coherence of the incident wave the opening is improved, as is the radiated power. Consistency is perfect in the case where the openings are inclined so as to present a longitudinal axis orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the guide.
- the angle of inclination will be chosen in an angular sector delimited by a transverse axis from plane 23 ', parallel to surfaces 20', 21 ', and by a transverse axis of the plane 23 ', perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the guide.
- the voltage U evolves like a sinusoid arch along the length of the opening.
- the width a is constant over the entire length of the opening. Consequently, according to equation (1), the radiated field E F follows exactly the same law as the voltage.
- the width a is almost zero at the ends of the opening and increases towards the center.
- the field E F remains substantially constant over the length of the opening. The radiated energy is therefore greater in the case of an elliptical opening.
- a waveguide structure conforming to the present invention and particularly suitable for a electric oven capable of receiving products at heat on two separate levels, one lower level corresponding for example substantially to the level of the oven floor, and a corresponding higher level for example halfway up the cooking chamber.
- the plane of outlet 23 'of the waveguide is directly in the wall side 13 of the cooking chamber, so that the figure 7 illustrates only the boundaries of the plan of outlet 23 'relative to openings 230, 231 and 232.
- the guide surfaces 20 ′ and 21 ′ are spaced apart by a distance d substantially equal to 165 mm, while the edges b ′ 2 , b ′ 3 or b ′ 4 , b ′ 1 , separated by a distance substantially equal to 86 mm, have a length 1 of approximately 178 mm.
- the longitudinal axis of the guide is therefore inclined about 22 degrees relative to the vertical.
- the center of the opening 25 for the entry of the waves into the guide is located substantially at a distance of 94.5 mm, in orthogonal projection, from the end surface 20 '.
- the opening 25 has a circular section with a diameter substantially equal to 30.6 mm.
- the distance from the outlet plane 23 'to the inlet plane 22' is approximately 21 mm.
- the distance from the outlet plane 23 'to the end of the extension 24 is approximately 41 mm.
- the previous dimensions allow obtaining a non-resonant waveguide.
- the waves exit takes place at three elliptical openings 230 to 232 ( Figure 7).
- the intermediate opening 232 is advantageously located near the upper cooking level. In this way, the intermediate opening 232 makes it possible to create, on the one hand with the upper opening 230 and on the other hand with the lower opening 231, two interference zones that are fairly well uncorrelated from each other. , and therefore less sensitive to the charges placed on each of the two cooking levels.
- the longitudinal axis of the openings 230 to 232 is for example inclined 11.5 degrees relative to an axis transverse to the outlet plane 23 'and parallel to the surfaces 20' and 21 '. This choice makes it possible to obtain a good compromise between a good restored power and a good temperature balancing on the two plates.
- the height positioning of the openings is preferably also chosen as a function of the position of the tension bellies of the modes of the form TE mnp or TM mnp , the integer n, corresponding to the oscillations over the height, being equal to 1.2 or 3.
- openings 230, 231 and 232 shown in Figure 7 have sizes different. This advantageously makes it possible to maximize the total power restored while respecting the constraints impedance matching.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
- Electric Ovens (AREA)
Description
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique en perspective de l'association d'une enceinte de cuisson et d'un guide d'ondes selon l'art antérieur ;
- la figure 2 est une vue en coupe selon un plan vertical passant par le milieu du guide d'ondes de la figure 1 ;
- la figure 3 est une vue schématique en perspective de l'association d'une enceinte de cuisson et d'un guide d'ondes selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel de l'invention ;
- la figure 4 est une vue en élévation de la paroi latérale de l'enceinte de la figure 3 portant le guide ;
- les figures 5a et 5b montrent schématiquement le nombre de champs transverses électriques et/ou magnétiques excités respectivement dans le cas d'un guide d'ondes selon l'art antérieur et dans le cas du guide d'ondes selon l'invention ;
- la figure 6 illustre une vue en élévation du côté entrée d'un guide d'ondes selon un mode de réalisation possible conforme à l'invention ;
- la figure 7 illustre une vue en élévation du plan de sortie du guide de la figure 6 ;
- la figure 8 est une coupe selon la ligne C-C de la figure 6 ;
- la figure 9 est une section du guide selon la ligne A-A de la figure 6 ;
- la figure 10 est une section du guide selon la ligne B-B de la figure 6.
- TE033 à 2493 MHz,
- TE215 et TM215 à 2465 MHz,
- TE224 et TM224 à 2423 MHz,
- TE232 et TM232 à 2468 MHz,
- TM330 à 2522 MHz,
- TE404 à 2519 MHz,
- TE422 et TM422 à 2463 MHz,
- TE502 à 2434 MHz,
- TM510 à 2380 MHz et
- TE511 et TM511 à 2419 MHz.
- U
- représente la tension électrique en travers de l'ouverture et
- a
- représente la largeur de l'ouverture oblongue.
Claims (10)
- Four électrique de cuisson comprenant une enceinte de cuisson (1), une source d'énergie micro-ondes et un guide d'ondes (2') de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique délimité transversalement par deux surfaces (20',21') sensiblement rectangulaires situées dans deux plans parallèles séparés d'une distance (d) prédéfinie, la sortie des ondes guidées s'effectuant par au moins deux zones (230,231) situées dans un plan de sortie (23') perpendiculaire aux deux surfaces et délimité par deux bordures parallèles (b'1,b'4) reliant les deux surfaces,
caractérisé en ce que lesdites bordures ont une longueur (1) supérieure à la distance (d) séparant les deux surfaces (20',21'), de façon à optimiser le nombre de modes transverses électriques et/ou magnétiques excités à l'intérieur de l'enceinte de cuisson dans des plans d'excitation parallèles au plan de sortie. - Four électrique de cuisson selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé en ce que la longueur (1) est déterminée de façon à ce que les zones (230,231) pour la sortie des ondes guidées soient positionnées en regard d'un maximum de ventres de tension relatifs auxdits modes. - Four électrique de cuisson selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'enceinte de cuisson (1) est délimitée par une paroi de fond (10), une paroi de voûte (11), une paroi de sole (12) et deux parois latérales (13,14),
caractérisé en ce que le guide d'ondes (2) est positionné de façon à ce que le plan de sortie (23') soit parallèle aux parois latérales (13,14). - Four électrique de cuisson selon la revendication 3,
caractérisé en ce que l'enceinte de cuisson (1) est adaptée à recevoir des produits à chauffer sur deux niveaux distincts, dits inférieur et supérieur, et en ce que le plan de sortie du guide d'ondes comporte une troisième zone de sortie (232) intermédiaire située à proximité du niveau supérieur. - Four électrique de cuisson selon la revendication 4,
caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures (230,231,232) pour la sortie des ondes sont réparties selon la hauteur en fonction de la position des ventres de tension des modes transverses électriques et/ou magnétiques. - Four électrique de cuisson selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une paroi (13,23') reliant les deux surfaces (20',21') dans le plan de sortie du guide d'ondes, et en ce que les zones pour la sortie des ondes guidées sont réalisées par des ouvertures oblongues (230,231,232) s'étendant transversalement par rapport à un axe longitudinal de la paroi parallèle auxdites bordures (b'1, b'4), et présentant un centre géométrique situé sur ledit axe longitudinal de la paroi. - Four électrique de cuisson selon la revendication 6,
caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures oblongues (230,231,232) ont un axe longitudinal présentant un angle d'inclinaison compris dans un secteur angulaire délimité par un axe transversal de la paroi (13,23') parallèle aux deux surfaces (20',21') et par un axe transversal de la paroi (13,23') perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal du guide. - Four électrique de cuisson selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 ou 7,
caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures oblongues (230,231,232) présentent la forme d'une ellipse. - Four électrique de cuisson selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 8,
caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures oblongues présentent des tailles différentes. - Four électrique de cuisson selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
caractérisé en ce que la distance (d) séparant les deux surfaces (20',21') est sensiblement égale à 165 mm, et en ce que la longueur des bordures (b'1,b'4) reliant les deux surfaces est sensiblement égale à 178 mm.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9608825 | 1996-07-15 | ||
| FR9608825A FR2751055B1 (fr) | 1996-07-15 | 1996-07-15 | Four electrique de cuisson |
| PCT/FR1997/001283 WO1998003041A1 (fr) | 1996-07-15 | 1997-07-11 | Four electrique de cuisson |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0913070A1 EP0913070A1 (fr) | 1999-05-06 |
| EP0913070B1 true EP0913070B1 (fr) | 2000-12-27 |
Family
ID=9494056
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97933715A Expired - Lifetime EP0913070B1 (fr) | 1996-07-15 | 1997-07-11 | Four electrique de cuisson |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6057535A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0913070B1 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR100458670B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1132506C (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69703801T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2155257T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2751055B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1998003041A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2001257112A1 (en) * | 2000-04-19 | 2001-11-07 | Enersyst Development Center, L.L.C. | Microwave oven |
| SE0003873L (sv) * | 2000-10-25 | 2001-10-29 | Whirlpool Co | Förfarande för matning av mikrovågor samt mikrovågsugn |
| EP1547444B1 (fr) | 2002-10-04 | 2014-09-17 | Microwave Ovens Limited | Ameliorations apportees a des fours a micro-ondes |
| KR100565656B1 (ko) * | 2004-02-19 | 2006-03-29 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 전자레인지 |
| KR100907879B1 (ko) | 2009-01-09 | 2009-07-14 | 김민공 | 열풍형 오븐용 수납용기 및 이를 구비한 열풍형 오븐 |
| WO2011027963A2 (fr) * | 2009-09-01 | 2011-03-10 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Appareil de cuisson employant des micro-ondes |
| US10560986B2 (en) | 2013-08-20 | 2020-02-11 | Whirlpool Corporation | Method for detecting the status of popcorn in a microwave |
| WO2015099649A1 (fr) | 2013-12-23 | 2015-07-02 | Whirlpool Corporation | Circuit interrupteur pour générateur radiofréquence |
| CN105318368B (zh) * | 2014-07-10 | 2018-09-04 | Lg电子株式会社 | 微波炉 |
| EP3266281B1 (fr) | 2015-03-06 | 2021-04-21 | Whirlpool Corporation | Procédé d'étalonnage d'amplificateur haute puissance pour un système de mesure de puissance radioélectrique |
| US10904962B2 (en) | 2015-06-03 | 2021-01-26 | Whirlpool Corporation | Method and device for electromagnetic cooking |
| US11483905B2 (en) | 2016-01-08 | 2022-10-25 | Whirlpool Corporation | Method and apparatus for determining heating strategies |
| WO2017119910A1 (fr) | 2016-01-08 | 2017-07-13 | Whirlpool Corporation | Séparateur isolé pour four à micro-ondes à plusieurs cavités |
| EP3409076B1 (fr) | 2016-01-28 | 2020-01-15 | Whirlpool Corporation | Procédé et appareil permettant de fournir une énergie électromagnétique radiofréquence pour cuire des aliments |
| CN108702817B (zh) | 2016-02-15 | 2021-09-10 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 用于传送射频电磁能量以对食料进行烹调的方法和装置 |
| US10827569B2 (en) | 2017-09-01 | 2020-11-03 | Whirlpool Corporation | Crispness and browning in full flat microwave oven |
| US11039510B2 (en) | 2017-09-27 | 2021-06-15 | Whirlpool Corporation | Method and device for electromagnetic cooking using asynchronous sensing strategy for resonant modes real-time tracking |
| US10772165B2 (en) | 2018-03-02 | 2020-09-08 | Whirlpool Corporation | System and method for zone cooking according to spectromodal theory in an electromagnetic cooking device |
| US11404758B2 (en) | 2018-05-04 | 2022-08-02 | Whirlpool Corporation | In line e-probe waveguide transition |
| US10912160B2 (en) | 2018-07-19 | 2021-02-02 | Whirlpool Corporation | Cooking appliance |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2704802A (en) * | 1952-05-22 | 1955-03-22 | Raytheon Mfg Co | Microwave ovens |
| CH674563A5 (fr) * | 1987-03-24 | 1990-06-15 | Gigatherm Mikrowellen Ag | |
| DE68921050T2 (de) * | 1988-12-14 | 1995-09-21 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Mikrowellenheizgerät. |
| SE465495B (sv) * | 1990-09-21 | 1991-09-16 | Whirlpool Int | Mikrovaagsugn, metod foer excitering av kaviteten i en mikrovaagsugn, samt vaagledaranordning foer metodens genomfoerande |
| KR950003782B1 (ko) * | 1992-08-25 | 1995-04-18 | 주식회사금성사 | 투 웨이(Two Way) 가열방식의 전자레인지 |
| SE501494C2 (sv) * | 1993-07-02 | 1995-02-27 | Whirlpool Europ | Förfarande för mikrovågsinmatning vid en mikrovågsvärmningsanordning samt mikrovågsvärmningsanordning |
| US5828040A (en) * | 1995-05-31 | 1998-10-27 | The Rubbright Group, Inc. | Rectangular microwave heating applicator with hybrid modes |
| KR100218444B1 (ko) * | 1996-07-31 | 1999-09-01 | 구자홍 | 전자레인지의 균일가열장치 |
| KR100208693B1 (ko) * | 1996-12-27 | 1999-07-15 | 전주범 | 개선된 구조를 갖는 전자렌지용 도파관 |
| KR100239552B1 (ko) * | 1997-10-15 | 2000-03-02 | 윤종용 | 전자렌지 |
-
1996
- 1996-07-15 FR FR9608825A patent/FR2751055B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-07-11 EP EP97933715A patent/EP0913070B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-11 DE DE69703801T patent/DE69703801T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-07-11 ES ES97933715T patent/ES2155257T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-11 US US09/214,902 patent/US6057535A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-07-11 WO PCT/FR1997/001283 patent/WO1998003041A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1997-07-11 KR KR10-1999-7000257A patent/KR100458670B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-07-11 CN CN97197640A patent/CN1132506C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1229567A (zh) | 1999-09-22 |
| FR2751055A1 (fr) | 1998-01-16 |
| KR20000023782A (ko) | 2000-04-25 |
| FR2751055B1 (fr) | 1998-09-25 |
| US6057535A (en) | 2000-05-02 |
| DE69703801T2 (de) | 2001-07-19 |
| KR100458670B1 (ko) | 2004-12-03 |
| CN1132506C (zh) | 2003-12-24 |
| DE69703801D1 (de) | 2001-02-01 |
| EP0913070A1 (fr) | 1999-05-06 |
| ES2155257T3 (es) | 2001-05-01 |
| WO1998003041A1 (fr) | 1998-01-22 |
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