EP0932131B1 - Détecteur optique de fumée - Google Patents

Détecteur optique de fumée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0932131B1
EP0932131B1 EP98100932A EP98100932A EP0932131B1 EP 0932131 B1 EP0932131 B1 EP 0932131B1 EP 98100932 A EP98100932 A EP 98100932A EP 98100932 A EP98100932 A EP 98100932A EP 0932131 B1 EP0932131 B1 EP 0932131B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
smoke detector
detector according
light
filter
photodetector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98100932A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0932131A1 (fr
Inventor
Martin Dr. Forster
Dieter Wieser
Heinz Scherrer
René Dr. Lenggenhager
Peter Dr. Ryser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Building Technologies AG
Original Assignee
Siemens Building Technologies AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Building Technologies AG filed Critical Siemens Building Technologies AG
Priority to EP98100932A priority Critical patent/EP0932131B1/fr
Priority to DE59806812T priority patent/DE59806812D1/de
Priority to AT98100932T priority patent/ATE230512T1/de
Publication of EP0932131A1 publication Critical patent/EP0932131A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0932131B1 publication Critical patent/EP0932131B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical smoke detector with an optical module, which a light source, a measuring chamber with a scattering space and a light receiver for has scattered light formed in the scattering space, and with one connected to the light receiver Evaluation.
  • the optics module is known for these smoke detectors, known as scattered light detectors trained that disturbing extraneous light and smoke do not penetrate the measuring chamber very easily can.
  • the light source and light receiver are arranged so that no light rays can get directly from the light source to the receiver. In the presence of Smoke particles in the measuring chamber become the light emitted by the light source scattered and part of the scattered light falls on the light receiver and causes an electrical Signal.
  • the scattered light smoke detector which is widely used today and which has recently taken the place of so-called ionization detectors are extremely sensitive and can Detect fires with a high degree of certainty.
  • the high sensitivity can, however, in certain cases lead to false alarms, which is undesirable for several reasons. Because apart from that that false alarms at least get the attention of the security personnel concerned tend to reduce, in most countries the fire department and / or the police require for missions caused by false alarms compensation, which under certain circumstances with the The number of false alarms increases progressively. For this reason, fire detectors enjoy the False alarm security very high priority.
  • False alarm security is attempted by suitable design of the optics module to be improved (see, for example, DE-A-44 12 212 or EP-A-0 821 330) or by signal evaluation based on several criteria (so-called multiple or multi-criteria detectors) or by installing another sensor, for example a temperature or gas sensor (see, for example, EP-A-0 803 850). Most of these Measures are associated with additional costs, the most promising of which namely the installation of an additional sensor, the most expensive.
  • the invention is now intended to make an optical smoke detector of the type mentioned at the beginning clear improved false alarm security can be specified at minimal additional costs.
  • the optical module has at least one has an element exposed to direct light from the light source or stray light, which indicates a fire parameter to be monitored with a change in its optical Properties responds.
  • a first preferred embodiment of the smoke detector according to the invention is thereby characterized in that the said element in the manner of a filter or reflector with reversible Color and / or transparency or reflection change is formed.
  • a third preferred embodiment of the smoke detector according to the invention is thereby characterized in that two of the elements mentioned are provided, one of which is a fire gas and the other is a temperature sensitive filter.
  • a fourth preferred embodiment of the smoke detector according to the invention is thereby characterized in that in the extension of the optical axis of the light source a direct light receiver is provided, and that the filter or filters between the spreading space and the Direct light receiver is or are arranged.
  • the two filters can also be arranged one behind the other, whereby they are designed so that their Transparency with increasing fire gas concentration or temperature in the same sense changes.
  • the at least one sensitive element be this a filter or a reflector
  • the direct light receiver cheaper is as an additional sensor.
  • an additional sensor usually needs one special signal processing, which requires a microprocessor or microcontroller.
  • the smoke detector according to the invention is one because of the simple nature of the Signals and their linking are not required.
  • a sixth preferred embodiment of the invention is particularly cost-effective Smoke detector. This is characterized in that the filter is between the spreading space and the light receiver for the scattered light and is arranged so that its Transparency increases with increasing fire gas concentration or temperature.
  • the filter works with increasing combustion gas concentration or temperature an increase in the scattered light reaching the light receiver, so that apart from the Filters no additional effort is required.
  • a logic AND or a logical takes place in the evaluation electronics OR combination of the signal of the light receiver for the scattered light with that of the Direct light receiver so that an alarm signal is generated when either both Signal of the light receiver for the scattered light and that of the direct light receiver or only one of these signals exceeds a certain value.
  • the optical module 1 of a scattered-light smoke detector shown in cross section with the viewing direction upward in FIG. 1 is part of its detector insert 2, which can be fastened in a base (not shown) which is preferably mounted on the ceiling of the room to be monitored.
  • a detector hood also not shown, is fitted over the detector insert 2 and is provided with suitable smoke entry slots.
  • the detector insert 2 essentially also includes evaluation electronics (not shown). This detector structure is known and will not be described in detail here. In this context, reference is made to the detectors of the AlgoRex series ( AlgoRex - registered trademark of Cerberus AG) and to EP-A-0 821 330.
  • the optics module 1 essentially consists of a light source 3, a light receiver 4, and one that is sealed light-tight by a side wall 5 and a cover (not shown) Measuring chamber 6 with a central aperture 7 and on the inside of the side wall 5 arranged peripheral screens 8.
  • the optical axes of the by an infrared light emitting diode (IRED) or a visible light emitting diode (LED) formed light source 3 and light receiver 4 formed by a photodiode do not lie on a common straight line, but are kinked towards each other, close to the intersection of the two optical Axes the central aperture 7 is arranged.
  • the side wall 5 and the cover shield the Measuring chamber 6 against external light from the outside, the central diaphragm 7 prevents Light rays can go directly from the light source 3 to the light receiver 4.
  • the peripheral screens 8 serve to suppress the so-called background light, the caused by unwanted scatter or reflection. The better this underground light is suppressed, the lower the basic pulse, that is the signal that detects if there is no smoke in the measuring chamber 6.
  • the cutting area of the from the Light source 3 emitted beam and the field of view of the light receiver 4th form the actual measuring range referred to below as the scattering space S.
  • the light source 3 sends short, intense light pulses into the scattering space S, the light receiver 4 the scattering space, S but not the light source 3 "sees".
  • the light from the light source 3 is scattered by smoke penetrating into the scattering space S, and part of this scattered light falls on the light receiver 4.
  • the receiver signal generated thereby is processed by the evaluation electronics, for example by using different Threshold values are compared, each of which is assigned to a certain hazard level is. Every exceeding of a threshold value is registered and it becomes the necessary one if necessary Action triggered.
  • the optical module 1 formed optical sensor yet another sensor, for example a temperature sensor or a gas sensor (see for example EP-A-0 654 770 and EP-A-0 803 850).
  • the stray light detector shown also belongs to the category of these so-called multi or multiple sensor detectors, differs but from the known detectors in this category in that the additional sensor through an element integrated in the optical module 1 is formed.
  • said additional sensor is formed by at least one filter F G or F T which is acted upon by the light source 3 or by the scattered light, the transparency of which depends on the value of a fire parameter to be monitored.
  • the fire parameter can be, for example, a fire gas or the temperature, so that the filter takes on the function of a gas sensor (filter F G ) or temperature sensor (filter F T ). Since this filter is integrated in the optics module and reacts to a change in the fire parameter to be monitored with a change in its transparency, it directly influences the receiver signal of the light receiver 4 (or any additional light receiver), so that the evaluation of the light transmitted by the respective filter only requires minimal effort.
  • the optical module 1 has one arranged in the extension of the optical axis of the light source 3 Direct light receiver 9 (Fig. 1).
  • the filter material is checked based on the Brand size selected.
  • the filters F G and F T preferably consist of a frame 10 made of light metal or plastic, into which a transparent cell 11 is inserted, which either contains a material sensitive to the relevant fire characteristic or consists of such a material.
  • a material which is particularly well suited for a temperature-sensitive filter F T is a mixture of different paraffins with different melting points, as a result of which a broad melting temperature range can be achieved, which results in a varying transparency in a wide temperature range. For example, with a mixture of six different paraffins with six different melting points in a temperature range between 30 ° and 80 ° C, the transparency increases between 40 ° and 50 ° C from just over 0% to about 70% and from 50 ° to 70 ° C from about 70% to 100%.
  • the transparency increases with increasing temperature. This means that more light or more direct light falls on the light receiver 4 or 9 connected downstream of the filter F T when the temperature rises (which may indicate a fire).
  • the filter F T amplifies the direct light or the scattered light coming from the scattering space.
  • the direct light receiver 9 can be dispensed with here and the temperature-sensitive filter F T , as indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 1, be arranged in front of the light receiver 4, so that with constant scattered light with increasing temperature, more scattered light is transmitted to the light receiver 4 becomes.
  • the receiver signal will exceed a predetermined threshold value either at a high particle concentration in the scattering space or at a high temperature in the measuring chamber 6 or even when the particle concentration and temperature which are not so high occur together.
  • a direct light receiver 9 is provided and the temperature-sensitive filter F T is arranged in the beam path of the direct light from the light source 3, the situation is similar. In this case, you can add the two receiver signals and compare the sum signal with a threshold value, or you can evaluate the receiver signals separately and combine them with an AND or an OR function, the false alarms noticeably decreasing in the first case. Which of the two variants you choose depends on the specific location and the practical circumstances.
  • Materials suitable for the fire gas-sensitive filter F G are those whose optical properties, in particular their transparency, change or change when exposed to fire gases or a specific fire gas, such as CO, CO 2 or NO x .
  • Suitable materials for the detection of CO, CO 2 or NO x are, for example, hemoglobin, palladium and molybdenum salts (see for example US-A-4,043,934, US-A-5,063,164 and CH-A-658 911), or generally, transparent, gas-permeable Plastics, such as polyethylene, with embedded molecules sensitive to fire gases of a suitable dye which changes its color under the action of a fire gas, such as phthalocyanine.
  • Other materials suitable for the fire gas-sensitive filter F G are, for example, membrane chrominionophores [D. Citterio, S. Rasonyi, UE Spichiger "Development of new dyes for use in integrated optical sensors” in Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. (1996) 354: 836-840; D. Citterio, L. Jenny, S. Rasonyi, UE Spichiger "Dyes for use in integrated optical sensors” in Sensors and Actuators B 38-39 (1997) 202-206], or special porphyrins [T. Hashimoto, RL Dyer, MJ Crossley, JE Baldwin to F.
  • the above-mentioned materials sensitive to fire gases generally cause the transparency of the filter T G to become less discolouring of the transparent cell 11 with increasing combustion gas concentration. Filters made of such materials are therefore not suitable for an arrangement in front of the light receiver 4 because they act in the opposite way to the particles in the scattering space and with increasing fire gas concentration reduce the scattered light falling on the light receiver 4 and thus simulate a lower particle concentration in the scattering space. For this reason, the fire gas selective filter F G is always arranged in front of the direct light receiver 9 if its transparency decreases with increasing fire gas concentration, the two receiver signals being able to be evaluated analogously to the temperature-sensitive filter F T.
  • the optics module 1 can also have both a temperature-sensitive filter F T and a fire gas-sensitive filter F G , in which case several variants of the filter arrangement are also possible. If one uses a temperature-sensitive filter F T with a transparent cell 11, the transparency of which increases with increasing temperature (for example a transparent body made of a paraffin mixture of the type described) and a fire gas-sensitive filter F G , with a transparent cell 11, the transparency of which increases with the concentration of combustion gas decreases (for example, a transparent cell made of polyethylene with phthalocyanine molecules inserted), then either the temperature-sensitive filter F T in front of the light receiver 4 and the fire gas-sensitive filter F G in front of the direct light receiver 9 can be arranged and the signals of the two light link receiver in the manner already described, or you can arrange both filters in front of the direct light receiver 9.
  • a temperature-sensitive filter F T with a transparent cell 11 the transparency of which increases with increasing temperature
  • a fire gas-sensitive filter F G with a transparent cell 11
  • the filters since the two filters have an opposite course of transparency depending on of the respective fire parameter, the filters must not be in a row but must be arranged side by side, with the direct light receiver as a double or Twin diode 9 'formed with separate evaluation of the receiver signal of the two diodes is.
  • a scattered light detector is obtained with additional detection of the temperature and a fire gas, for example of CO or NO x , and the signals from the sensors for the three fire parameters of smoke, temperature and CO or NO x can be linked in a suitable manner to achieve an optimal one To achieve false alarm security and / or to adapt the detector specifically to specific requirements.
  • a particularly advantageous possibility of linking the receiver signals of a fire detector having at least two sensors is described in EP-A-0 654 770.
  • the evaluation electronics for the receiver signal of each sensor contain a separate processing path, and the processing paths are brought together at the input of a neural network in which the hazard signals are obtained.
  • the two filters can, as shown in Fig. 1, one behind the other in front of the direct light -Receiver 9 may be arranged. In this case, too, one could arrange the filters according to FIG. 3 next to one another and use a twin diode 9 'as a direct light receiver, it being possible to evaluate the receiver signals of the two diodes together or separately.
  • the design of the sensitive element as a filter shown in the figures must not be in the It should be understood that only one filter can be used for this element. On While filter will usually be the cheapest solution, it is clear to the expert that that the sensitive element can also be designed in such a way that it has a reversible absorption or has a change in reflection.
  • the sensitive element could be one Have grid structure in the manner of a Bragg reflector and in transmitted light or in a reflection arrangement operate.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Détecteur optique de fumée, comprenant un module (1) optique qui comporte une source (3) lumineuse, une chambre (6) de mesure possédant un espace (S) de diffusion, et un récepteur (4) de lumière pour la lumière diffusée formée dans l'espace (S) de diffusion, et comprenant une unité électronique d'interprétation raccordée au récepteur (4) de lumière, caractérisé en ce que le module (1) optique comporte au moins un élément (FG, FT) sollicité par la lumière directe de la source (3) lumineuse ou par la lumière diffusée, élément qui réagit par une modification de ses propriétés optiques à un paramètre d'incendie à surveiller.
  2. Détecteur de fumée suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'élément (FG, FT) précité est réalisé à la manière d'un filtre ou d'un réflecteur avec une modification réversible de couleur et/ou de transparence ou respectivement de réflexion.
  3. Détecteur de fumée suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'élément précité est un filtre (FG ou FT) sensible aux gaz d'incendie ou à la température.
  4. Détecteur de fumée suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu deux éléments précités, dont l'un (FG) est un filtre sensible aux gaz d'incendie et l'autre (FT) un filtre sensible à la température.
  5. Détecteur de fumée suivant la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce qu'un récepteur (9) de lumière directe est prévu dans le prolongement de l'axe optique de la source (3) lumineuse, et en ce que le ou les filtres (FG, FT) sont disposés entre l'espace (S) de diffusion et le récepteur (9) de lumière directe.
  6. Détecteur de fumée suivant les revendications 4 et 5, caractérisé en ce que les deux filtres (FG, FT) sont disposés l'un à côté de l'autre, et en ce que le récepteur de lumière directe est formé par une photodiode (9') double ou jumelée.
  7. Détecteur de fumée suivant les revendications 4 et 5, caractérisé en ce que les deux filtres (FG, FT) sont disposés l'un derrière l'autre et sont conçus de telle sorte que leur transparence se modifie dans le même sens avec l'augmentation de la concentration de gaz d'incendie ou respectivement de la température.
  8. Détecteur de fumée suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le filtre (FG, FT) est disposé entre l'espace (S) de diffusion et le récepteur (4) de lumière pour la lumière diffusée, et est conçu de telle sorte que sa transparence augmente avec l'augmentation de la concentration de gaz d'incendie ou de la température.
  9. Détecteur de fumée suivant les revendications 4, 5 et 8, caractérisé en ce qu'un filtre (FG) est disposé entre l'espace (S) de diffusion et le récepteur (9) de lumière directe, et l'autre entre l'espace (S) de diffusion et le récepteur (4) de lumière pour la lumière diffusée.
  10. Détecteur de fumée suivant l'une des revendications 5, 6, 7 ou 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il s'effectue, dans l'unité électronique d'interprétation, une liaison logique ET ou OU du signal du récepteur (4) de lumière avec celui du récepteur (9, 9') de lumière directe
  11. Détecteur de fumée suivant une ou plusieurs des revendications 3 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le ou les filtres (FG, FT) possèdent un élément (11) filtrant transparent qui contient une substance sensible au paramètre d'incendie concerné ou est fabriqué en une substance de ce type.
  12. Détecteur de fumée suivant la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la substance précitée est un mélange de différentes paraffines ayant des points de fusion différents.
  13. Détecteur de fumée suivant la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la substance précitée est un éthylène à surcharge stérique, de préférence du bianthron.
  14. Détecteur de fumée suivant la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la substance précitée est une matière plastique perméable aux gaz, de préférence du polyéthylène ou du chlorure de polyvinyle, dans laquelle sont incorporées des molécules d'un colorant qui sont sensibles aux gaz d'incendie.
  15. Détecteur de fumée suivant la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que le colorant est de la phtalocyanine.
  16. Détecteur de fumée suivant la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la substance précitée est une porphyrine.
  17. Détecteur de fumée suivant la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la substance précitée est un mélange de composés du système triphénylméthane et de composés acides.
EP98100932A 1998-01-21 1998-01-21 Détecteur optique de fumée Expired - Lifetime EP0932131B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98100932A EP0932131B1 (fr) 1998-01-21 1998-01-21 Détecteur optique de fumée
DE59806812T DE59806812D1 (de) 1998-01-21 1998-01-21 Optischer Rauchmelder
AT98100932T ATE230512T1 (de) 1998-01-21 1998-01-21 Optischer rauchmelder

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98100932A EP0932131B1 (fr) 1998-01-21 1998-01-21 Détecteur optique de fumée

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0932131A1 EP0932131A1 (fr) 1999-07-28
EP0932131B1 true EP0932131B1 (fr) 2003-01-02

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EP98100932A Expired - Lifetime EP0932131B1 (fr) 1998-01-21 1998-01-21 Détecteur optique de fumée

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AT (1) ATE230512T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59806812D1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020128684A1 (de) * 2020-10-30 2022-05-05 Heinzmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Ölnebeldetektor zur Detektion und/oder Analyse von Öl-Luftgemischen mit einer optischen Messanordnung sowie zugehörige Verfahren

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3506686A1 (de) * 1985-02-26 1986-08-28 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Chemisch sensitives bauelement
DE4028188A1 (de) * 1990-09-05 1992-03-12 Esser Sicherheitstechnik Brandmelder mit einem streulicht- und einem ionisationssystem

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ATE230512T1 (de) 2003-01-15
EP0932131A1 (fr) 1999-07-28
DE59806812D1 (de) 2003-02-06

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