EP0936405B1 - Zirkulierender Wirbelbettkessel mit verbesserter NOx-Reduzierung - Google Patents

Zirkulierender Wirbelbettkessel mit verbesserter NOx-Reduzierung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0936405B1
EP0936405B1 EP99400288A EP99400288A EP0936405B1 EP 0936405 B1 EP0936405 B1 EP 0936405B1 EP 99400288 A EP99400288 A EP 99400288A EP 99400288 A EP99400288 A EP 99400288A EP 0936405 B1 EP0936405 B1 EP 0936405B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flow
reagent
boiler
fluidized bed
injection tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99400288A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0936405A1 (de
Inventor
Jean Xavier Morin
Michel Vandycke
Corinne Beal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alstom Power Boiler SA
Original Assignee
Alstom Power Boiler SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Power Boiler SA filed Critical Alstom Power Boiler SA
Publication of EP0936405A1 publication Critical patent/EP0936405A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0936405B1 publication Critical patent/EP0936405B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/003—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes for supplying chemicals to fumes, e.g. using injection devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2206/00—Fluidised bed combustion
    • F23C2206/10—Circulating fluidised bed
    • F23C2206/103—Cooling recirculating particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F23J2219/20—Non-catalytic reduction devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circulating fluidized bed boiler, with a duct which extends in a longitudinal direction and which channels a flow of particles and gases containing nitrogen oxides, and a means for injecting into the flow a reagent making it possible to reduce nitrogen oxides.
  • WO 96 21825 describes a bed boiler circulating fluidized additionally comprising an external bed heat exchanger fluidized.
  • an injection of reagent, ammonia, to reducing nitrogen oxides is done in the post- / combustion part from the fire or at the entrance to the separation cyclone.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the mixing of the reagent with the nitrogen oxides contained in the gases to promote their reduction.
  • the invention relates to a fluidized bed boiler circulating with a combustion hearth and a cyclone of separation linked together by a conduit which extends along a longitudinal direction and which channels a flow of particles and gases containing nitrogen oxides, and means for injecting into the stream a reagent for reducing nitrogen oxides, and further comprising an external exchanger with a dense fluidized bed connecting the separation cyclone to the combustion furnace, characterized in that the upper part of said exchanger forms a conduit for the flow of particles and gas which extends in a longitudinal direction and in that said means for injecting said reagent comprises at least one tubular rod placed in said upper part of the exchanger exterior, arranged so as to inject the reagent in the longitudinal direction of the conduit and co-routinely to the flow.
  • the reagent is injected right into the flow and in a region of the flow sparse in particles which allows strengthen the mixture with nitrogen oxides and increase the reduction yield.
  • a circulating fluidized bed boiler shown schematic in Figure 1, includes a combustion hearth 1 which extends vertically and a lower part of which is supplied by a fuel 3, for example crushed coal, and by a flow air 7 directed towards the top of the fireplace. Combustion takes place within a large mass of fine ash particles 5 strongly agitated and kept in suspension by the air flow 7 to form a fluidized bed having a particle density which decreases rapidly in depending on the height of the fireplace. Combustion takes place at a typical temperature of 850 degrees Celsius (° C) and generates NOx nitrogen oxides.
  • the air flow charged with fine particles and nitrogen oxides is channeled in the upper part of the hearth by a first conduit 9 which extends in a longitudinal direction L1 substantially horizontal and which opens into the upper part 11A of a cyclone of separation 11 arranged vertically.
  • a first conduit 9 which extends in a longitudinal direction L1 substantially horizontal and which opens into the upper part 11A of a cyclone of separation 11 arranged vertically.
  • the fumes 14 exit from the separation cyclone 11 and pass through heat exchangers conventional before being evacuated by a chimney.
  • a second conduit 17 forming an upper part of the exchanger exterior 15 extends parallel to a longitudinal direction L2 substantially horizontal and channels the flow of particles and gases from the separation cyclone 11 to the combustion furnace 1 through a fluidized system 19 to recycle the particles.
  • a reagent is injected, for example from ammonia in the gaseous state, by means of at least one tubular cane arranged so as to release the reagent in the direction longitudinal of line 17 and co-current with the flow of charged gas particles.
  • each tubular rod 21 is disposed in a second conduit 17 formed by an upper part 17A of the external exchanger 15, where the carbon is partially elutriated in particles from the cyclone 11.
  • the combustion of elutriated carbon takes place in a strong excess of air above the dense fluidized bed and produces oxides nitrogen which are reduced by injecting the reagent.
  • each tubular rod 21 is arranged in relation to the flow current downstream of the entry zone 17B in the second conduit 17 particles from the cyclone 11 to extend the residence time of the reagent, account given the fact that in this entry zone 17B, the carbon elutriation is important.
  • Each tubular rod 21 includes, figure 3, at least one injection nozzle 23.
  • Each tubular rod 21 is lowered into the second conduit 17, substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L2 and by orienting the injection nozzle 23 in the direction of flow of the flow of particles and gases to inject the reagent according to the longitudinal direction of the conduit and co-current to the flow.
  • each injection nozzle 21 in the second conduit 17 is made by means of a flange 25 which preferably allows a translational movement of each rod perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the duct to adjust the descent in the leads according to a lower density in particles in the flow and thus reinforce the mixing of the reagent with the nitrogen oxides.
  • each tubular rod is treated by depositing for example by plasma, a coating of tungsten carbide or carbide chromium.
  • a circulation of water 27 The reagent is injected through a channel 29 which opens out through the injection nozzle 23.
  • ammonia gas is used, or droplets ammonia solution, or a liquid ammonia precursor like urea in solution, pulsed by air.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Kessel mit zirkulierender Wirbelschicht, mit einem Verbrennungsraum und einem Absetzzyklon (11), die miteinander durch eine Leitung (9) verbunden sind, die sich in einer Längsrichtung (L1) erstreckt und einen Strom von Partikeln und von Gas, das Stickoxide (NOx) enthält, leitet, und einem Mittel zum Einleiten eines Reaktionsmittels, das die Stickoxide reduzieren kann, in den Strom, außerdem mit einem äußeren Tauscher mit dichter Wirbelschicht (15), der das Absetzzyklon (11) mit dem Verbrennungsraum (1) verbindet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der obere Teil (17A) des Tauschers eine Leitung (17) für den Strom von Partikeln und von Gas bildet, die sich in einer Längsrichtung (L2) erstreckt, und dass das Mittel zum Einleiten des Reaktionsmittels wenigstens ein Rohr (21) umfasst, das in dem oberen Teil (17A) des äußeren Tauschers (15) in der Weise angeordnet ist, dass das Reaktionsmittel in Längsrichtung (L2) der Leitung und mit dem Strom mitlaufend eingeleitet wird.
  2. Kessel nach Anspruch 1, in dem jedes Rohr (21) wenigstens eine Düse (23) zum Einleiten des Reaktionsmittels umfasst.
  3. Kessel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, in dem jedes Rohr (21) in einer Richtung, die zu der Längsrichtung (L1, L2) der Leitung (9, 17) im Wesentlichen senkrecht ist, beweglich ist.
  4. Kessel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, in dem jedes Rohr (21) einen Wasserzirkulations-Kühlkreis (27) umfasst.
  5. Kessel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, in dem jedes Rohr (21) eine Beschichtung aus Wolframcarbid-Plasma oder aus Chromcarbid-Plasma umfasst, die dem Abrieb des Stroms widersteht.
  6. Kessel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, in dem das Reaktionsmittel gasförmiges Ammoniak oder in Lösung befindliche Ammoniaktröpfchen oder ein flüssiger Vorläufer von Ammoniak wie etwa in Lösung befindliche Urea, die mit Luft gepulst wird, ist.
EP99400288A 1998-02-16 1999-02-09 Zirkulierender Wirbelbettkessel mit verbesserter NOx-Reduzierung Expired - Lifetime EP0936405B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9801839 1998-02-16
FR9801839A FR2775061B1 (fr) 1998-02-16 1998-02-16 Chaudiere a lit fluidise circulant a reduction d'oxydes d'azote amelioree

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0936405A1 EP0936405A1 (de) 1999-08-18
EP0936405B1 true EP0936405B1 (de) 2004-08-18

Family

ID=9523008

Family Applications (1)

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EP99400288A Expired - Lifetime EP0936405B1 (de) 1998-02-16 1999-02-09 Zirkulierender Wirbelbettkessel mit verbesserter NOx-Reduzierung

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6067943A (de)
EP (1) EP0936405B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1135319C (de)
DE (1) DE69919424T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2227980T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2775061B1 (de)
MX (1) MXPA99001556A (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7537743B2 (en) 2004-02-14 2009-05-26 Mobotec Usa, Inc. Method for in-furnace regulation of SO3 in catalytic NOx reducing systems
US7670569B2 (en) 2003-06-13 2010-03-02 Mobotec Usa, Inc. Combustion furnace humidification devices, systems & methods
US8069825B1 (en) 2005-11-17 2011-12-06 Nalco Mobotec, Inc. Circulating fluidized bed boiler having improved reactant utilization
US8069824B2 (en) 2008-06-19 2011-12-06 Nalco Mobotec, Inc. Circulating fluidized bed boiler and method of operation
DE102010036749A1 (de) 2010-07-19 2012-01-19 Heizkraftwerksgesellschaft Cottbus Mbh Verfahren zur Leistungssteigerung bei gleichzeitiger Verminderung von Ablagerungen in Kesseln mit Wirbelschicht-Feuerung
US8449288B2 (en) 2003-03-19 2013-05-28 Nalco Mobotec, Inc. Urea-based mixing process for increasing combustion efficiency and reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2803020B1 (fr) * 1999-12-22 2002-04-12 Abb Alstom Power Comb Procede pour reduire les emissions d'oxydes d'azote dans une installation de combustion en lit fluidise circulant
US6269778B1 (en) * 1999-12-17 2001-08-07 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Fine solids recycle in a circulating fluidized bed
US8353698B2 (en) * 2003-06-13 2013-01-15 Nalco Mobotec, Inc. Co-axial injection system
US8251694B2 (en) 2004-02-14 2012-08-28 Nalco Mobotec, Inc. Method for in-furnace reduction flue gas acidity
FR2870925B1 (fr) * 2004-05-28 2006-12-29 Alstom Technology Ltd Dispositif a lit fluidise a agent comburant enrichi en oxygene
WO2008137557A1 (en) * 2007-05-01 2008-11-13 Phase Inc. Methods and apparatus for enhanced incineration
US8555797B2 (en) * 2007-05-10 2013-10-15 Alstom Technology Ltd System and method for decreasing NOx emissions from a fluidized bed combustion system
AT505526B1 (de) * 2007-08-14 2010-09-15 Univ Wien Tech Wirbelschichtreaktorsystem
DE102011052788B4 (de) 2011-08-17 2014-03-20 Harald Sauer Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Abgasen
CN102626586B (zh) * 2012-04-01 2014-06-04 无锡雪浪环境科技股份有限公司 烟气氮氧化物减排控制的处理装置
US10746141B2 (en) 2017-03-14 2020-08-18 Kohler Co. Engine air cleaner
US10653996B1 (en) * 2019-05-13 2020-05-19 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) of NOx in fluidized bed combustion reactors

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3728557A1 (de) * 1987-08-27 1989-03-09 Didier Eng Verfahren zur verteilung von ammoniak in einem gasstrom und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
SE466814B (sv) * 1989-06-01 1992-04-06 Kvaerner Generator Ab Anordning foer nedbrytande av gaser alstrade vid foerbraenning vid ungefaer 850 grader c av fasta braenslen i en fluidbaedd
US5342592A (en) * 1989-07-04 1994-08-30 Fuel Tech Europe Ltd. Lance-type injection apparatus for introducing chemical agents into flue gases
GB2271517A (en) * 1992-10-14 1994-04-20 Dorr Oliver Inc Flue gas NOx reduction in a fluidized bed reactor
US5315941A (en) * 1993-06-07 1994-05-31 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Method and apparatus for injecting nox inhibiting reagent into the flue gas of a boiler
US5465690A (en) * 1994-04-12 1995-11-14 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Method of purifying gases containing nitrogen oxides and an apparatus for purifying gases in a steam generation boiler
US5462718A (en) 1994-06-13 1995-10-31 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation System for decreasing NOx emissions from a fluidized bed reactor
CH689312A5 (de) * 1995-01-10 1999-02-15 Von Roll Umwelttechnik Ag Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Abfallmaterial unter Gewinnung von thermischer Energie.

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8449288B2 (en) 2003-03-19 2013-05-28 Nalco Mobotec, Inc. Urea-based mixing process for increasing combustion efficiency and reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx)
US7670569B2 (en) 2003-06-13 2010-03-02 Mobotec Usa, Inc. Combustion furnace humidification devices, systems & methods
US8021635B2 (en) 2003-06-13 2011-09-20 Nalco Mobotec, Inc. Combustion furnace humidification devices, systems and methods
US7537743B2 (en) 2004-02-14 2009-05-26 Mobotec Usa, Inc. Method for in-furnace regulation of SO3 in catalytic NOx reducing systems
US8069825B1 (en) 2005-11-17 2011-12-06 Nalco Mobotec, Inc. Circulating fluidized bed boiler having improved reactant utilization
US8069824B2 (en) 2008-06-19 2011-12-06 Nalco Mobotec, Inc. Circulating fluidized bed boiler and method of operation
DE102010036749A1 (de) 2010-07-19 2012-01-19 Heizkraftwerksgesellschaft Cottbus Mbh Verfahren zur Leistungssteigerung bei gleichzeitiger Verminderung von Ablagerungen in Kesseln mit Wirbelschicht-Feuerung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6067943A (en) 2000-05-30
FR2775061B1 (fr) 2000-03-10
EP0936405A1 (de) 1999-08-18
DE69919424D1 (de) 2004-09-23
ES2227980T3 (es) 2005-04-01
MXPA99001556A (es) 2004-10-28
CN1226653A (zh) 1999-08-25
CN1135319C (zh) 2004-01-21
FR2775061A1 (fr) 1999-08-20
DE69919424T2 (de) 2005-09-08

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