EP0936405B1 - Chaudière à lit fluidisé circulant à réduction d'oxydes d'azote améliorée - Google Patents
Chaudière à lit fluidisé circulant à réduction d'oxydes d'azote améliorée Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0936405B1 EP0936405B1 EP99400288A EP99400288A EP0936405B1 EP 0936405 B1 EP0936405 B1 EP 0936405B1 EP 99400288 A EP99400288 A EP 99400288A EP 99400288 A EP99400288 A EP 99400288A EP 0936405 B1 EP0936405 B1 EP 0936405B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flow
- reagent
- boiler
- fluidized bed
- injection tube
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium carbide Chemical compound [Cr]#C[Cr]C#[Cr] UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012705 liquid precursor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- -1 urea in solution Chemical compound 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
- F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
- F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
- F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/003—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes for supplying chemicals to fumes, e.g. using injection devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2206/00—Fluidised bed combustion
- F23C2206/10—Circulating fluidised bed
- F23C2206/103—Cooling recirculating particles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
- F23J2219/20—Non-catalytic reduction devices
Definitions
- the invention relates to a circulating fluidized bed boiler, with a duct which extends in a longitudinal direction and which channels a flow of particles and gases containing nitrogen oxides, and a means for injecting into the flow a reagent making it possible to reduce nitrogen oxides.
- WO 96 21825 describes a bed boiler circulating fluidized additionally comprising an external bed heat exchanger fluidized.
- an injection of reagent, ammonia, to reducing nitrogen oxides is done in the post- / combustion part from the fire or at the entrance to the separation cyclone.
- the object of the invention is to improve the mixing of the reagent with the nitrogen oxides contained in the gases to promote their reduction.
- the invention relates to a fluidized bed boiler circulating with a combustion hearth and a cyclone of separation linked together by a conduit which extends along a longitudinal direction and which channels a flow of particles and gases containing nitrogen oxides, and means for injecting into the stream a reagent for reducing nitrogen oxides, and further comprising an external exchanger with a dense fluidized bed connecting the separation cyclone to the combustion furnace, characterized in that the upper part of said exchanger forms a conduit for the flow of particles and gas which extends in a longitudinal direction and in that said means for injecting said reagent comprises at least one tubular rod placed in said upper part of the exchanger exterior, arranged so as to inject the reagent in the longitudinal direction of the conduit and co-routinely to the flow.
- the reagent is injected right into the flow and in a region of the flow sparse in particles which allows strengthen the mixture with nitrogen oxides and increase the reduction yield.
- a circulating fluidized bed boiler shown schematic in Figure 1, includes a combustion hearth 1 which extends vertically and a lower part of which is supplied by a fuel 3, for example crushed coal, and by a flow air 7 directed towards the top of the fireplace. Combustion takes place within a large mass of fine ash particles 5 strongly agitated and kept in suspension by the air flow 7 to form a fluidized bed having a particle density which decreases rapidly in depending on the height of the fireplace. Combustion takes place at a typical temperature of 850 degrees Celsius (° C) and generates NOx nitrogen oxides.
- the air flow charged with fine particles and nitrogen oxides is channeled in the upper part of the hearth by a first conduit 9 which extends in a longitudinal direction L1 substantially horizontal and which opens into the upper part 11A of a cyclone of separation 11 arranged vertically.
- a first conduit 9 which extends in a longitudinal direction L1 substantially horizontal and which opens into the upper part 11A of a cyclone of separation 11 arranged vertically.
- the fumes 14 exit from the separation cyclone 11 and pass through heat exchangers conventional before being evacuated by a chimney.
- a second conduit 17 forming an upper part of the exchanger exterior 15 extends parallel to a longitudinal direction L2 substantially horizontal and channels the flow of particles and gases from the separation cyclone 11 to the combustion furnace 1 through a fluidized system 19 to recycle the particles.
- a reagent is injected, for example from ammonia in the gaseous state, by means of at least one tubular cane arranged so as to release the reagent in the direction longitudinal of line 17 and co-current with the flow of charged gas particles.
- each tubular rod 21 is disposed in a second conduit 17 formed by an upper part 17A of the external exchanger 15, where the carbon is partially elutriated in particles from the cyclone 11.
- the combustion of elutriated carbon takes place in a strong excess of air above the dense fluidized bed and produces oxides nitrogen which are reduced by injecting the reagent.
- each tubular rod 21 is arranged in relation to the flow current downstream of the entry zone 17B in the second conduit 17 particles from the cyclone 11 to extend the residence time of the reagent, account given the fact that in this entry zone 17B, the carbon elutriation is important.
- Each tubular rod 21 includes, figure 3, at least one injection nozzle 23.
- Each tubular rod 21 is lowered into the second conduit 17, substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L2 and by orienting the injection nozzle 23 in the direction of flow of the flow of particles and gases to inject the reagent according to the longitudinal direction of the conduit and co-current to the flow.
- each injection nozzle 21 in the second conduit 17 is made by means of a flange 25 which preferably allows a translational movement of each rod perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the duct to adjust the descent in the leads according to a lower density in particles in the flow and thus reinforce the mixing of the reagent with the nitrogen oxides.
- each tubular rod is treated by depositing for example by plasma, a coating of tungsten carbide or carbide chromium.
- a circulation of water 27 The reagent is injected through a channel 29 which opens out through the injection nozzle 23.
- ammonia gas is used, or droplets ammonia solution, or a liquid ammonia precursor like urea in solution, pulsed by air.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
Description
Claims (6)
- Chaudière à lit fluidisé circulant, avec un foyer de combustion et un cyclone de séparation (11) relié entre eux par un conduit (9) qui s'étend suivant une direction longitudinale (L1) et qui canalise un flux de particules et de gaz contenant des oxydes d'azote (NOx), et un moyen pour injecter dans le flux un réactif permettant de réduire les oxydes d'azote, et comprenant en outre un échangeur extérieur à lit fluidisé dense (15) reliant le cyclone de séparation (11) au foyer de combustion (1), caractérisé en ce que la partie supérieure (17A) dudit échangeur forme un conduit (17) pour le flux de particules et de gaz qui s'étend suivant une direction longitudinale (L2), et en ce que ledit moyen pour injecter ledit réactif comprend au-moins une canne tubulaire (21) disposée dans ladite partie supérieure (17A) de l'échangeur extérieur (15), disposée de façon telle à injecter le réactif suivant ladite direction longitudinale (L2) du conduit (17) et de façon co-courante au flux.
- Chaudière selon a revendication 1, dans laquelle chaque canne tubulaire (21) comprend au moins une buse d'injection (23) du réactif.
- Chaudière selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, dans laquelle chaque canne tubulaire (21) est mobiles suivant une direction sensiblement perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale (L1, L2) du conduit (9, 17).
- Chaudière selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle chaque canne tubulaire (21) comprend un circuit de refroidissement (27) par circulation d'eau.
- Chaudière selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans laquelle chaque canne tubulaire (21) comprend un revêtement par plasma de carbure de tungstène ou de carbure de chrome pour résister à l'abrasion du flux.
- Chaudière selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le réactif est de l'ammoniac gazeux, ou des gouttelettes d'ammoniac en solution, ou un précurseur liquide de l'ammoniac comme l'urée en solution, pulsé par de l'air.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9801839A FR2775061B1 (fr) | 1998-02-16 | 1998-02-16 | Chaudiere a lit fluidise circulant a reduction d'oxydes d'azote amelioree |
| FR9801839 | 1998-02-16 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0936405A1 EP0936405A1 (fr) | 1999-08-18 |
| EP0936405B1 true EP0936405B1 (fr) | 2004-08-18 |
Family
ID=9523008
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99400288A Expired - Lifetime EP0936405B1 (fr) | 1998-02-16 | 1999-02-09 | Chaudière à lit fluidisé circulant à réduction d'oxydes d'azote améliorée |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6067943A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0936405B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1135319C (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69919424T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2227980T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2775061B1 (fr) |
| MX (1) | MXPA99001556A (fr) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7537743B2 (en) | 2004-02-14 | 2009-05-26 | Mobotec Usa, Inc. | Method for in-furnace regulation of SO3 in catalytic NOx reducing systems |
| US7670569B2 (en) | 2003-06-13 | 2010-03-02 | Mobotec Usa, Inc. | Combustion furnace humidification devices, systems & methods |
| US8069824B2 (en) | 2008-06-19 | 2011-12-06 | Nalco Mobotec, Inc. | Circulating fluidized bed boiler and method of operation |
| US8069825B1 (en) | 2005-11-17 | 2011-12-06 | Nalco Mobotec, Inc. | Circulating fluidized bed boiler having improved reactant utilization |
| DE102010036749A1 (de) | 2010-07-19 | 2012-01-19 | Heizkraftwerksgesellschaft Cottbus Mbh | Verfahren zur Leistungssteigerung bei gleichzeitiger Verminderung von Ablagerungen in Kesseln mit Wirbelschicht-Feuerung |
| US8449288B2 (en) | 2003-03-19 | 2013-05-28 | Nalco Mobotec, Inc. | Urea-based mixing process for increasing combustion efficiency and reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2803020B1 (fr) * | 1999-12-22 | 2002-04-12 | Abb Alstom Power Comb | Procede pour reduire les emissions d'oxydes d'azote dans une installation de combustion en lit fluidise circulant |
| US6269778B1 (en) * | 1999-12-17 | 2001-08-07 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Fine solids recycle in a circulating fluidized bed |
| US8353698B2 (en) * | 2003-06-13 | 2013-01-15 | Nalco Mobotec, Inc. | Co-axial injection system |
| US8251694B2 (en) | 2004-02-14 | 2012-08-28 | Nalco Mobotec, Inc. | Method for in-furnace reduction flue gas acidity |
| FR2870925B1 (fr) * | 2004-05-28 | 2006-12-29 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Dispositif a lit fluidise a agent comburant enrichi en oxygene |
| US20080272067A1 (en) * | 2007-05-01 | 2008-11-06 | Cavaliere William A | Methods and Apparatus for Classification of Suspended Materials |
| US8555797B2 (en) * | 2007-05-10 | 2013-10-15 | Alstom Technology Ltd | System and method for decreasing NOx emissions from a fluidized bed combustion system |
| AT505526B1 (de) * | 2007-08-14 | 2010-09-15 | Univ Wien Tech | Wirbelschichtreaktorsystem |
| DE102011052788B4 (de) | 2011-08-17 | 2014-03-20 | Harald Sauer | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Abgasen |
| CN102626586B (zh) * | 2012-04-01 | 2014-06-04 | 无锡雪浪环境科技股份有限公司 | 烟气氮氧化物减排控制的处理装置 |
| US10746141B2 (en) | 2017-03-14 | 2020-08-18 | Kohler Co. | Engine air cleaner |
| US10653996B1 (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2020-05-19 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) of NOx in fluidized bed combustion reactors |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3728557A1 (de) * | 1987-08-27 | 1989-03-09 | Didier Eng | Verfahren zur verteilung von ammoniak in einem gasstrom und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
| SE466814B (sv) * | 1989-06-01 | 1992-04-06 | Kvaerner Generator Ab | Anordning foer nedbrytande av gaser alstrade vid foerbraenning vid ungefaer 850 grader c av fasta braenslen i en fluidbaedd |
| US5342592A (en) * | 1989-07-04 | 1994-08-30 | Fuel Tech Europe Ltd. | Lance-type injection apparatus for introducing chemical agents into flue gases |
| GB2271517A (en) * | 1992-10-14 | 1994-04-20 | Dorr Oliver Inc | Flue gas NOx reduction in a fluidized bed reactor |
| US5315941A (en) * | 1993-06-07 | 1994-05-31 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Method and apparatus for injecting nox inhibiting reagent into the flue gas of a boiler |
| US5465690A (en) * | 1994-04-12 | 1995-11-14 | A. Ahlstrom Corporation | Method of purifying gases containing nitrogen oxides and an apparatus for purifying gases in a steam generation boiler |
| US5462718A (en) | 1994-06-13 | 1995-10-31 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | System for decreasing NOx emissions from a fluidized bed reactor |
| CH689312A5 (de) * | 1995-01-10 | 1999-02-15 | Von Roll Umwelttechnik Ag | Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Abfallmaterial unter Gewinnung von thermischer Energie. |
-
1998
- 1998-02-16 FR FR9801839A patent/FR2775061B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-02-09 DE DE69919424T patent/DE69919424T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-02-09 ES ES99400288T patent/ES2227980T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-02-09 EP EP99400288A patent/EP0936405B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-02-13 CN CNB991027175A patent/CN1135319C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-02-15 MX MXPA99001556A patent/MXPA99001556A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-02-16 US US09/250,688 patent/US6067943A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8449288B2 (en) | 2003-03-19 | 2013-05-28 | Nalco Mobotec, Inc. | Urea-based mixing process for increasing combustion efficiency and reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) |
| US7670569B2 (en) | 2003-06-13 | 2010-03-02 | Mobotec Usa, Inc. | Combustion furnace humidification devices, systems & methods |
| US8021635B2 (en) | 2003-06-13 | 2011-09-20 | Nalco Mobotec, Inc. | Combustion furnace humidification devices, systems and methods |
| US7537743B2 (en) | 2004-02-14 | 2009-05-26 | Mobotec Usa, Inc. | Method for in-furnace regulation of SO3 in catalytic NOx reducing systems |
| US8069825B1 (en) | 2005-11-17 | 2011-12-06 | Nalco Mobotec, Inc. | Circulating fluidized bed boiler having improved reactant utilization |
| US8069824B2 (en) | 2008-06-19 | 2011-12-06 | Nalco Mobotec, Inc. | Circulating fluidized bed boiler and method of operation |
| DE102010036749A1 (de) | 2010-07-19 | 2012-01-19 | Heizkraftwerksgesellschaft Cottbus Mbh | Verfahren zur Leistungssteigerung bei gleichzeitiger Verminderung von Ablagerungen in Kesseln mit Wirbelschicht-Feuerung |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2227980T3 (es) | 2005-04-01 |
| DE69919424T2 (de) | 2005-09-08 |
| CN1226653A (zh) | 1999-08-25 |
| CN1135319C (zh) | 2004-01-21 |
| MXPA99001556A (es) | 2004-10-28 |
| EP0936405A1 (fr) | 1999-08-18 |
| FR2775061A1 (fr) | 1999-08-20 |
| FR2775061B1 (fr) | 2000-03-10 |
| US6067943A (en) | 2000-05-30 |
| DE69919424D1 (de) | 2004-09-23 |
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