EP0939174A2 - Construction de bâtiment à ossature en bois - Google Patents

Construction de bâtiment à ossature en bois Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0939174A2
EP0939174A2 EP99301442A EP99301442A EP0939174A2 EP 0939174 A2 EP0939174 A2 EP 0939174A2 EP 99301442 A EP99301442 A EP 99301442A EP 99301442 A EP99301442 A EP 99301442A EP 0939174 A2 EP0939174 A2 EP 0939174A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cross
ayche
plank
log
tongue
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP99301442A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0939174A3 (fr
Inventor
Sir Walter Lindal
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0939174A2 publication Critical patent/EP0939174A2/fr
Publication of EP0939174A3 publication Critical patent/EP0939174A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
    • E04C3/127—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members with hollow cross section
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E04B2/70—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood
    • E04B2/701—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with integrated supporting and obturation function
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E04B2/70—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood
    • E04B2/706—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with supporting function
    • E04B2/708—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with supporting function obturation by means of longitudinal elements with a convex external surface

Definitions

  • Costs are further lowered by using almost 100% of the small logs to make these special shapes. More than twice as much of the wood in a log is utilized as compared to the wood recovered from the same sized logs when standard lumber sizes are manufactured. The cost of a house is further reduced by the use of new components that serve two or three purposes.
  • a cross-shaped roof plank that serves as a rafter, roof sheathing and weatherproof shingles.
  • An inverted tee shape that serves as a ceiling liner and a ceiling joist.
  • An ell shaped molding that serves as a door or window jamb and also as casing or trim. As done in Scandinavia, wood from small trees is used to make doors and windows reducing wood cost by 90%.
  • My invention covers a new jointing system in assembly where special shaped house parts can be joined together so that most nailing is eliminated, and where nails are used, they are not visible.
  • This invention covers a new method and plant to manufacture houses that can initiate a whole new industry. Ordinary saw mills cannot handle small logs in an efficient manner. A new type of mill with special equipment is necessary to produce my special house components. We have chosen to call it a "House Factory” because its end product is a complete house package. A house factory like a high production saw mill will cost from four to six million U.S. dollars. Also, an investment of about a million dollars will be needed for the latest state-of-the-art log harvesting equipment to keep the house factory going. Automated manufacture of house sections will be part of the house factory set up. This machinery substantially lowers field labor costs in the actual construction of the homes.
  • Branches start as tiny specks at the heart of a tree and show up as knots on the face of lumber sawn from the tree's logs. If the knots check or split, the split cannot go through the plank if the plank encases the heart of the tree the plank was sawn from.
  • the shrinkage of wood around the face of a log is called tangential shrinkage.
  • the shrinkage between the heart of a log and its surface is called radial shrinkage. It is an axiom that tangential shrinkage is three times as great as radial shrinkage. Also, the exposed outside of a log will dry faster. Such checks and splits point to the heart, but do not reach it.
  • the Maltese cross shape actually enhances the performance of the roof plank. It is cheaper if we can avoid having to use everelastic sealants in the T&G joints between the crosses.
  • the exposed surface is sloped away from the joints between the crosses so that only a direct hit of a rain drop on the joint has any chance of working through the joint.
  • the top of the rafter part is veed downward to stop water that hits the top of the widened cross from spilling over to the joint area.
  • a second tier of roof planks can have its bottom area end tucked into the top area of the first tier, locking it to the first layer without the need for nails, making the joint between layers more waterproof.
  • the bottom of the second layer of planks will cover the nails necessary to nail the top of the first layer to the cross bearer beam.
  • the roof planks can be attached to their bearing cross beams using the key-lock principal taught in my US Patent #5,475,960, December 19, 1995, where attachment is possible without the need of visible nails.
  • Cross-shaped components can also make excellent free-standing walls or partitions for homes and other buildings.
  • the vertical member of the plank will become a stud instead of a rafter, providing extra stability and strength to the wall.
  • a cross made from a 100mm log would produce enough stability for a 5M high wall based on the 1 to 50 rule and there would be no need for nails showing.
  • the cross shaped configuration could be modified differently to produce two tees by splitting the horizontal cross members horizontally. It would still be waterproof if the split occurred right on the heart, but it would not need to be if the tee shapes were used for inside flooring or upside down for ceiling liner or for partitions. It would go twice as far and would approach the cost of drywall, when you consider the expensive decorating cost of drywall and the cost of such low-cost small logs. 63mm or 75mm logs could be used, which are only good for firewood. Also, components that are used inside only, can be made from junk trees such as willow and alder.
  • This patent application also covers a wood wall system that consists of two or more layers of unusually shaped plank components which can be employed vertically or horizontally. These planks are interlocked in each layer by simple tongue-and-groove joints and are held together with cross ties nailed across the face of the planks. The individual layers are interlocked together using tee shaped projections cut out of the planks that project from the middle of facing planks. The planks are offset so that they can hook on to each other. The resulting shape is an Ayche (H) shaped plank which has a smaller side of the Ayche shorter by a third than the tongue-and-groove side to make room for the cross bars of the Ayches when they are offset and hooked together.
  • H Ayche
  • cross ties are set in grooves cut across the interlocking Ayches which cut through the smaller side of the Ayches plus the cross bar of the Ayches.
  • the cross ties are nailed alternatively from one side to the other as each Ayche piece is added on each side until a section is formed that is a one man load, or about 26 kg.
  • Cross ties may be spaced 800mm to 1200mm, say, with 3 in an 2.5M high wall panel.
  • Ayche pieces which can be described as a double Ayche because it is the same shape as if two above noted Ayche pieces have been joined back to back with the larger part, the tongue-and-groove part being fastened together.
  • a third layer can be hooked on which is composed of the same Ayches as the first layer.
  • a second series of cross ties would be cut through the short sides of the third layer and the double Ayche middle layer.
  • the three layer section would be assembled one piece at a time and individually nailed in place. First, the first layer plank, and then the double Ayche layer plank, and then the third layer plank.
  • a wall section can consist of four layers or even five or more layers with all internal layers being double Ayche layers hooked together lengthwise and fastened together cross ways with cross ties nailed each way between each layer.
  • a .75M wide section 2.5M high with five layers would be a two-man load depending on the size of the individual components.
  • a multi-layered section need not be solid. Voids can be left in the assembly and still have a very strong wall, The voids can be filled with insulation producing a lighter and warmer wall.
  • Cross ties can also be limited to the outside layers reducing the labor to produce the section. Walls can be composed of different species. The outside layer could be cedar or redwood to withstand bad weather. Center layers can be lower cost but stronger wood to carry weight and the home's inside layer could be choice paneling for a rich interior.
  • the first problem was that builders either did not caulk the open slits in the bearing timbers between planks in spaced outside decking or they did a poor job of it. Also, though the hold down of the new joint seemed to work well, it did not pass satisfactorily in formal shear tests. What happened was that the gaps produced in the male nobs of the joints that were squeezed together by a mallet blow to make assembly faster also were squeezed together by the heavy test equipment and accumulatively across a test panel produced enough "give" to produce poor tests.
  • My Patent #5,475,960 joint system can still be used to hold components together that are too thick to be bent to open the cross groove and is very useful to hold assemblies together until glue hardens or cures.
  • bamboo Probably the cheapest wood on earth is bamboo. This basically hollow wood is very hard and strong. Bamboo is part of the grass family having nodes at varying intervals where there are diaphragms across the stems. Compared to trees, bamboo stems are quite small. A 80mm bamboo log is a large log for bamboo. To make a wall or weatherproof roof out of it, the stems would be cut to 2.5M wall lengths and then sawn vertically in half. Key-lock grooves would be machined across the exposed edges of the halves, similar to the key grooves covered in my Patent #5,475,960, December 19, 1995, except they could be designed to accept an oval shaped cross tie.
  • a plurality of bamboo half pieces could be set tightly together with their rounded sides down and say, three cross ties in an 2.5M wall could be snapped in to place, tying the vertical half logs together, and then a series of similarly sized and milled half pieces could be snapped on the open side of the wall and onto the same cross pieces, but offset so that the upper pieces cover the left half of one bottom piece and the right half at the next bottom piece to the left of the first piece, making a clean bamboo wall on both sides.
  • the inside node diaphragms of the bottom pieces would have to be grooved on center down to the outside shell (to drain water that can get in between the halves) on center of the half diaphragms and to the depth of the cross grooves, and also to accept the lips of the opposing half logs and hold them tightly together.
  • components for a complete home can be produced, giving the world solid, lower cost homes made from trees that are now only good for wood pulp, fence posts or firewood, and which are very abundant. Many species of trees do not grow to sawlog sizes and some, such as logepole pine and bamboo, grow so thickly that they mature before reaching sawlog sizes. Also, thinnings from plantation timber can be used, and also the cores from plywood peeler logs can be used. They are waste wood, but high quality, not cull wood, and always have encased hearts. Now they become pulp or firewood.
  • This house will come directly from small trees and will eliminate the use of plywood, solid or glue laminated beams, floor joists, ceiling joists, rafters, trusses, wood or asphalt shingles, inside and outside doors as we know them, windows and cabinets, and can eliminate the need or use of drywall finish.
  • a whole house can be produced from low-cost small logs.
  • Single layer waterproof roof planks or crosses, and single layer wall tees can produce quality low-cost buildings for many uses where insulation against heat or cold is not a factor: (1) garages of all sizes; (2) three-season room additions and screen porches for homes; (3) back yard offices, pool houses, play houses and party cabins; (4) seasonally used second homes of all sizes; (5) stables, cow barns, implement sheds, chicken houses, storage sheds, all kinds of farm buildings that are usually made from galvanized sheet iron and wood framing; (6) many types of commercial warehouses or storage buildings that are not insulated and which would cost less than conventional, sheet metal covered wood framed buildings and look better.
  • a garage building or a three-season room addition at half price would be so much more affordable, that tens of thousands of extra sales of these small buildings could result each year.
  • the wood used could mainly come from the junk small trees in our bushes and cut over forests and of course from small tree plantations.
  • a summer home built of these low-cost cross, tee, Ayche and double Ayche components would be a mansion in many tropical third-world countries. In time, their people could be taught to use their bamboo and other junk wood trees from their bushland to build good homes.
  • one particular form of the invention comprises a building materials kit from which lower cost homes and other buildings can be constructed with the savings coming from the use of very low cost small logs and certain so-called "junk trees", both of which are wasted and are left behind in logging operations; further savings are realised by using up to 90% of the waste lost in saw milling operations and by making dual use of certain components, for example, roof planks that are waterproof and also serve as shingles and ceiling planks that have built-in ceiling joists supporting them which are formed from otherwise wasted material which happens when a log is made into regular ceiling planks, said kit does not include lumber as we know it, having no studs, rafters, floor joists, ceiling joists, roof trusses nor plywood sheathing, said kit introduces new shapes that on end look like tees (T), Ells (L), Ees (E), Dees (D), Crosses (+), Ayches (H) and Double Ayches (HH) that are manufactured directly from logs and not from

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
EP99301442A 1998-02-26 1999-02-26 Construction de bâtiment à ossature en bois Withdrawn EP0939174A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9804138 1998-02-26
GB9804138A GB2334729B (en) 1998-02-26 1998-02-26 Wooden frame building construction

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0939174A2 true EP0939174A2 (fr) 1999-09-01
EP0939174A3 EP0939174A3 (fr) 2000-07-05

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EP99301442A Withdrawn EP0939174A3 (fr) 1998-02-26 1999-02-26 Construction de bâtiment à ossature en bois

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001071114A1 (fr) * 2000-03-17 2001-09-27 Georg Ganaus Element de paroi ou de plafond
EP1031673A3 (fr) * 2000-02-28 2002-10-23 Sir Walter Lindal Joints étanches entre pièces en bois
AT512448A1 (de) * 2012-01-17 2013-08-15 Ganaus Anna Materialeffizienter wandaufbau aus holzstämmen
AT13952U1 (de) * 2013-05-29 2015-01-15 Zainzinger Karl Wandelement
US9523187B2 (en) 2016-04-26 2016-12-20 Caterpillar Inc. Decking assembly
RU2663854C1 (ru) * 2017-11-29 2018-08-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ВСС" Стеновая деревянная конструкция
EP4352315A4 (fr) * 2021-06-09 2025-02-19 Dewberry, Andrew T. K. Poutre structurale formée à partir de bois d'ouvre

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2215854C1 (ru) * 2002-07-26 2003-11-10 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Оренбургский государственный университет" Деревобетонная плита
CN102121542B (zh) * 2011-03-31 2014-06-25 上海迅茂实业有限公司 新型电缆桥架
CN102287577B (zh) * 2011-07-15 2014-08-20 上海迅茂实业有限公司 一种电缆桥架
CN107263626A (zh) * 2017-06-16 2017-10-20 中南林业科技大学 连续长竹方材的制造方法及其产品

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4065902A (en) 1976-10-26 1978-01-03 Sir Walter Lindal Sheetmetal covered roof planks having waterproof joints
US5475960A (en) 1991-04-01 1995-12-19 Lindal; Walter Wooden frame building construction

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US1915711A (en) * 1930-08-12 1933-06-27 Adams George Francis Bethell Building construction
US2110787A (en) * 1936-10-20 1938-03-08 Iver M Brandjord Building construction
US2463612A (en) * 1946-09-16 1949-03-08 Grudda August Log or post cabin structure
US4012876A (en) * 1976-03-03 1977-03-22 Grubbs George B Half-log wall construction
US4356676A (en) * 1981-09-21 1982-11-02 Norton Company Sealant strip
US4627204A (en) * 1985-04-08 1986-12-09 Smith Leedice S Simulated log end unit for buildings
US4700524A (en) * 1986-07-24 1987-10-20 Addison Barrie D G Tongue and groove tapered planks
GB9113238D0 (en) * 1991-06-19 1991-08-07 Countryside Commission For Sco Timber frame element
US5375381A (en) * 1993-02-26 1994-12-27 Heartland Industries, Inc. Building kit
US5666766A (en) * 1995-09-15 1997-09-16 Handy Home Products, Inc. Building constructions

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4065902A (en) 1976-10-26 1978-01-03 Sir Walter Lindal Sheetmetal covered roof planks having waterproof joints
US5475960A (en) 1991-04-01 1995-12-19 Lindal; Walter Wooden frame building construction

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1031673A3 (fr) * 2000-02-28 2002-10-23 Sir Walter Lindal Joints étanches entre pièces en bois
WO2001071114A1 (fr) * 2000-03-17 2001-09-27 Georg Ganaus Element de paroi ou de plafond
AT512448A1 (de) * 2012-01-17 2013-08-15 Ganaus Anna Materialeffizienter wandaufbau aus holzstämmen
AT512448B1 (de) * 2012-01-17 2013-10-15 Ganaus Anna Materialeffizienter wandaufbau aus holzstämmen
AT13952U1 (de) * 2013-05-29 2015-01-15 Zainzinger Karl Wandelement
US9523187B2 (en) 2016-04-26 2016-12-20 Caterpillar Inc. Decking assembly
RU2663854C1 (ru) * 2017-11-29 2018-08-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ВСС" Стеновая деревянная конструкция
WO2019108092A1 (fr) * 2017-11-29 2019-06-06 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ВСС" Structure de mur en bois
EP4352315A4 (fr) * 2021-06-09 2025-02-19 Dewberry, Andrew T. K. Poutre structurale formée à partir de bois d'ouvre

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9804138D0 (en) 1998-04-22
GB2334729A (en) 1999-09-01
GB2334729B (en) 2002-08-21
EP0939174A3 (fr) 2000-07-05

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