EP0945697B1 - Système d'identification - Google Patents

Système d'identification Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0945697B1
EP0945697B1 EP98111279A EP98111279A EP0945697B1 EP 0945697 B1 EP0945697 B1 EP 0945697B1 EP 98111279 A EP98111279 A EP 98111279A EP 98111279 A EP98111279 A EP 98111279A EP 0945697 B1 EP0945697 B1 EP 0945697B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
laser
laser beam
unit
soldier
identification
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98111279A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0945697A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Gerber
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Rheinmetall Air Defence AG
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Oerlikon Contraves AG
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Publication of EP0945697A1 publication Critical patent/EP0945697A1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/26—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying
    • F41G3/2616—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device
    • F41G3/2622—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device for simulating the firing of a gun or the trajectory of a projectile
    • F41G3/2666—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device for simulating the firing of a gun or the trajectory of a projectile with means for selecting or varying PRF or time coding of the emitted beam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/26—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying
    • F41G3/2616—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device
    • F41G3/2622—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device for simulating the firing of a gun or the trajectory of a projectile
    • F41G3/2655—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device for simulating the firing of a gun or the trajectory of a projectile in which the light beam is sent from the weapon to the target

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an identification system according to claim 1, a target device for an identification system according to claim 5 and a method for operating an identification system according to claim 12.
  • US Pat. No. 4,837,575 discloses an identification system with a targeting unit or a first tank and a targeted unit or Target device or a second tank.
  • the targeting unit has transmitter means in the form of a laser transmitter and emits laser radiation that is in a first beam and a second beam is divided, between which a variable Period is.
  • the targeted unit or target device receives the laser radiation and sends out a return message, which is received by the receiving means targeting unit can be received.
  • the parameters of the return message are determined by the length of time between the first spray and the second spray.
  • laser signals instead of laser signals, other types of signals can also be used between the targeting Unit and the target unit are exchanged.
  • D1 does disclose that the targeting unit / tank 12 is one after emitting a first beam Sends out second beam.
  • the purpose of splitting it into two rays is only in creating the random period of time; this is decisive for the parameters the return message.
  • the targeted unit or target device has an intelligence on which influences the type of feedback; this happens because that the parameters of the transmitter means of the target device are controlled, whereby the intelligence includes a time measurement to determine these parameters.
  • the type of feedback is not influenced in the sense that one of several possible transmission means is selected. It is not a hedge provided in the event that a first feedback of the target device is not Will be received.
  • an identification system with a targeting is known Unit, i.e. a laser device on assault rifle, and a targeted one Unit or target device, that is, a belt device.
  • the target device has receiver means for receiving laser radiation and Transmitter means for sending RF signals, i.e. a radio frequency or Radio unit on.
  • D5 thus discloses a targeted device in the form of a belt system, with receiver means for receiving laser radiation and with transmitter means that have a radio frequency radio unit.
  • D5 has an intelligence that allows the transmission of high-frequency signals caused on the basis of received laser signals. There is none here either Protection provided in the event that a first feedback from the target device is not received.
  • Fig. 1 shows how a detection system apparatus according to the invention, hereinafter referred to as the laser device 1 is mounted on a weapon 2 that the center of gravity line 21 of the equipped with the laser device 1 gun intersects the laser device 1 itself.
  • the laser device 1 ( FIG. 1 ) comprises a laser target illumination 3, a housing part 4, in which, among other things, batteries necessary for operation are accommodated, and a mounting rail 5, which forms the interface of the weapon.
  • Parts 3 and 4 have partially cylindrical sections that run parallel to one another so that a soldier can aim between them along a line of sight 22 ( FIG. 1 ).
  • An end face of part 3 has a display window 31 in the manner of a miniature screen, which is used to display various pictograms for important information.
  • the housing part 4 is provided with a light spot 41, a light zone 42, a mounting aid 43 for an antenna, two coax connections 44, an operating button 45, 46 and a switch 47 .
  • the front part of part 3 has laser optics 32 which can emit a laser beam 11 .
  • the mounting rail 5 can be provided with extensions 51, 52 which facilitate mounting the device 1 on the weapon 2 .
  • a lateral lever 33 can be present in the laser target illumination part 3 in order to bring about a change in the laser beam characteristic by inserting a hologram plate in such a way that the beam diameter is expanded in a ring-shaped, flat-shaped or ring-shaped manner when the target is aimed.
  • a housing part 4 shows a housing part 4 with a pivotable rod antenna 53 and with a snap or fixing device 54 for this antenna 53.
  • a receiver optics 48 can be present on the front side of the housing part 4 .
  • FIG. 5 shows a target device 6 provided for the equipment of soldiers, hereinafter also referred to as a belt device 6 , for combat purposes with a large number of electrical or electronic components.
  • a belt device of this type is known for example from DE-OS-40 03 960 A1 .
  • the belt device 6 according to FIG. 5 carries sensors 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, which are preferably equipped with a special electronic circuit.
  • this belt device carries one or more LED transmitters 68, 70 and a GPS and a control unit 7, optionally with a battery.
  • the pulsed CW continuous wave laser 8 is connected to a modulator 81 and comprises, for example, a laser diode 82, a feedback diode 83 coupled to it , an operational amplifier 84 and a transistor 85 as well as some resistors 86, 87 and 88.
  • the anode of the diode 82 and the cathode of diode 83 are jointly connected to a voltage source 89 (positive pole), for example a battery of 3 to 5 volts.
  • the cathode of the diode 82 is connected to earth (negative pole) via the series connection of the resistor 86 and the emitter-collector path of the transistor 85 .
  • the amplifier 84 with the resistor 87 connected downstream is inserted between the anode of the diode 83 and the base of the transistor 85 .
  • the base of transistor 85, which forms the modulation input of the circuit is connected to ground via resistor 88 .
  • a reference potential can of course also serve as earth.
  • the modulator comprises a circuit 81 which not only effects a coding function, but also a chopper function or chopper function in order to include a light signal of the (carrier) frequency ft before coding, which is carried out at a bit rate of the frequency fd to chop a chopper frequency fz.
  • the sensors 61 to 67 according to FIG. 5 contain a sensor circuit 9 according to FIG. 7.
  • the circuit 9 comprises, for example, a detector diode 91, the cathode of which is connected on the one hand to the input of an amplifier 92 and on the other hand via a coil 93 to the one connection of a capacitor 94 is connected.
  • the output of the amplifier 92 is connected via an integrator filter 95 to a microprocessor 96 , the output signals of which are fed to the control unit 7 via cables.
  • the identification system or friend-foe detection system operates under two different environmental conditions, depending on whether the target soldier is in open terrain or in cover. If, in a scenario with open terrain, a soldier A wants to identify a soldier B who is not in cover (in FIG. 5, this would be without bush 12 ), he sets his weapon-mounted laser target illumination device 1 into operation and " shoots "Soldier B with a laser beam 11 from the laser target illumination device 1. A coded message 13 transported by the laser beam 11 requires soldier B to identify himself. A belt device 6 on soldier B receives the coded message 13, which is composed of a signal from soldier A comprising, for example, 116 bits.
  • a sensor for example 63 on the belt device 6 from soldier B, recognizes the 116-bit signal, which is composed as follows: soldier number / security code / possibly GPS data / form of the answer.
  • Soldier B will now receive the coordinates of soldier A , and an LED transmitter 68 on the belt device 6 of soldier B will transmit a confirmation code.
  • the confirmation code can be freely selected by the unit using the system. For example, it can consist of the name of Soldier B, the battalion, the location (GPS coordinates) or any other terms.
  • soldier A is not only equipped with a laser transmitter 3 , but also has a laser receiver , optionally accommodated in the housing part 4, with a receiver optics 48, which is mounted parallel to the laser transmitter, that is to say to the laser lighting part 3.
  • the laser receiver now receives diffuse light emitted by LED transmitter 68 or 70 from soldier B.
  • Soldier A sends an identification code until he receives confirmation from soldier B. If soldier B belongs to his own party, soldier A sees a red alarm signal in red dot 41 and / or in illuminated zone 42, which prohibits him from fighting soldier B. This alarm signal appears in the system in such a way that it can only be seen by soldier A and not by the enemy.
  • soldier A receives the confirmation signal for example via the receiver optics 48 in the LED-receiver 49 of his device 1, an appropriate target illumination device 3 of the laser device 1 of soldier B is not used as an infrared transmitter to return to the confirmation signal to soldier A, because the laser target illuminator 3 emits a light beam that is focused too sharply.
  • This narrow beam of light preferably oriented at an angle of approximately 0.5 mrad, could not send the confirmation signal back to soldier A , since soldier B does not necessarily know the position of soldier A. Therefore, a high-performance LED transmitter 68/70 (LED light emitting diode) is used to return the confirmation code, which is also attached to the belt device 6 of soldier B.
  • This LED transmitter 68/70 emits its light output in a much larger solid angle, which is why soldier B's confirmation can be received by soldier A under all circumstances. As long as soldier A can see soldier B, he will be able to receive the confirmation signal.
  • the weapon 2 Since the fighting takes place increasingly in poor lighting conditions, it is becoming increasingly common to equip soldiers participating in the fighting with night vision glasses. If this is the case, the weapon 2 is usually guided by the soldier in the hip stop. The observation and aiming process takes place along the laser beam 11, which is visible through night vision glasses (not shown). As a result of the hip position of the weapon 2 , the red alarm signal ( 41 and / or 42 ) is not visible to the soldier carrying the weapon 2 .
  • the laser target illumination device 3 is controlled by a microprocessor, it is easily possible to alternately switch the laser beam 11 on and off instead of or in addition to the red alarm signal.
  • the soldier equipped with night vision goggles can quickly and easily capture the alarm signal via the laser beam and thus identify the illuminated soldier as belonging to his own party.
  • the soldier A can remove the body from. Only partially see soldier B. Soldier A shoots again with laser beam 11 as described above.
  • the belt device 6 from soldier B will nevertheless detect the laser beam from soldier A because the overall system has sufficient sensitivity for this type of application, for example in that the sensors 61, 62, 63, .... are each equipped with special electronics, which can be powered by a common battery or possibly also by a single small battery.
  • the main problem is that soldier B's LED transmitter 68 can be completely shielded by bush 12 and soldier A does not receive soldier B's response. Soldier A can only receive light directly from LED transmitter 68/70 because the light is diffused and not directed.
  • soldier A receives no confirmation within a time period Ta of, for example, 100 ms after transmission of the laser beam, but soldier B would obviously be able to receive messages from soldier A , soldier B is given a second chance by sending out a pulse sequence via one the belt device 6 attached radio unit 71, which may include a radio transmitter or radio transceiver, to transmit a confirmation.
  • Radio unit 71 which may include a radio transmitter or radio transceiver, to transmit a confirmation.
  • Soldier A can receive this radio signal in all conceivable circumstances, but because of its vulnerability to enemy countermeasures, it should only be used if other means fail. Enemy forces could also send radio signals of their own soldiers to be tracked or not identified. If soldier B is an enemy, there is no response to the query caused by soldier A's coded laser beam in either of the scenarios described above.
  • the time period Tb can be, for example, between 1 ms and 1 s, but is preferably 100 ms, and Tc can be selected to be approximately equal to or greater than 0.1 ms, preferably approximately 1 ms or greater, for this pulse wave.
  • the radio unit 72 can also comprise a radio transmitter or a radio transceiver. This pulse sequence can be received over a distance of several kilometers under all conceivable circumstances.
  • the system will identify the illuminated target as an enemy object. Overall, a time of 200 ms is required for this process. If soldier A wears night vision goggles, he will see through the night vision goggles the continuously emitted laser beam that identifies an illuminated soldier as an enemy.
  • the sensors 61, 62, 63, ... are preferably designed in the form of round disks, and with a relatively high thickness that they are not only sensitive to the laser beam on the surface but also on the side, that is to say on the periphery of the disk , This means that the detector 91 ( FIG. 7 ) is also distributed in a corresponding form over the cylindrical surface of the disks ( FIG. 9 ).
  • the laser beam is chopped, as mentioned above, so that the detector 91 detects intermittent radiation, which it converts into an alternating current of the same frequency fz with the aid of the resonance kernel formed by the coil 93 and the capacitor 94 .
  • the resulting AC voltage at the input of amplifier 92 is amplified very strongly by the latter.
  • the output signal of the amplifier 92 is fed to the integrator filter 95 , which emits the coded signals to the microprocessor 96 for evaluation. Signals evaluated from this are then supplied by the microprocessor 96 to the control unit 7 .
  • the pulse width of the emitted chopped laser pulses is, for example, between 10 ns and 100 ⁇ s and preferably between 0.1 and 10 ⁇ s.
  • the width of an information bit pulse preferably corresponds to the width of a number of 3 to 50 chopped laser pulses.
  • a lever 47 (folded upwards) can also be used to trigger the laser device instead of one of the control buttons 45 or 46 ( FIG. 2 ).
  • the upper part of the laser device preferably forms two semi-cylindrical parallel ones Chambers or partially cylindrical sections, the between these chambers existing gap allows unobstructed view of the target. Because this gap is wide enough, a red dot can be in a further embodiment of the invention just be housed laterally in this gap, preferably in End region of the gap where the light beam is emitted, such that the Soldier can see the target and this red dot at the same time.
  • the laser device preferably emits light at a wavelength in the range of 780 to 1000 nm, for example of 820 nm, for example with an output power in the order of 50 mW.
  • FIG. 8 shows the inner region of a capsule-shaped housing 610 of a sensor 61, 62, 63, ... ( FIG. 5 ) and FIG. 9 shows a section through the line IX-IX in FIG. 8.
  • the housing 610 preferably has one flat top 611 and an annular wall 612 . Inside, the housing 610 has four extensions 613, 614, 615 and 616 ( FIG. 8 ) with threaded holes for fastening a circuit board 617, which can be designed as a printed circuit board.
  • the housing 610 is provided with a peripheral thickening 618 , which acts like a toroidal magnifying glass or converging lens for the incident laser radiation 619, 620 , because the housing material is transparent or light-conducting for the laser radiation used.
  • Three mounting elements 621, 622, 623 are preferably arranged on the circuit board 617 , which extend relatively far into the inner region of the housing and hold a printed circuit board 624 there , which has a plurality of photosensors 625, 626, 627, 628 and a microprocessor 629 or, if appropriate only wears a discriminator.
  • the fastening elements 621, 622, 623 can at the same time serve as electrical connections in order to carry signals which have already been discriminated against via lines to the control unit 7 ( FIG. 5 ).
  • the battery voltage from the carrying strap 6 ( FIG. 5 ) is preferably supplied via these contacts 621, 622, 623 ( FIGS. 8, 9 ).
  • the photosensors 625, 626, ... are arranged in the interior of the housing in such a way that their sensitive sides lie flat against the inner, preferably cylindrical, ring-shaped wall parts, which are located between the extensions 613, 614, 615 and 616 , in order to pass the received through to be able to detect the thickening of the laser radiation.
  • the center of the printed circuit board 624 there is at least one further photosensor 630, the sensitive side of which is directed against the cover 611 of the housing and is therefore suitable for the detection of laser beams 631, 632 which are incident with a greater inclination to the surface of the bottom 611 than that Laser beams 620 and 619, which propagate almost parallel to this floor area.
  • an individual preamplifier 92 and an integrator filter 95 are preferably accommodated in the housing 610 in order to obtain an alternating electrical signal as individual means from a received chopped laser radiation and to supply the already discriminated signals to the control unit 7 via lines.
  • the coil 93 and / or the capacitor 94 which form the resonant circuit as sensor means, can be accommodated or integrated in the printed circuit board 624 .
  • the discriminator and / or the microprocessor can be designed to filter out only signals with an expected coding from the received laser radiation.
  • a sensor according to FIGS. 8 and 9 is consequently designed in the form of round disks with the diameter / thickness ratio resulting from the figure.
  • the incident laser radiation can be reflected in the body of soldier B and can reach the radiation-sensitive side of the photosensor 625 laterally, for example as laser radiation 619 or 620 ( FIG. 9 ), through the peripheral thickening 618 .
  • the housing 610 can be opaque to normal light, for example colored or black.
  • the present belt system can also be used as a combat simulation system become.
  • a soldier using the system also judges his weapon at a target, d. H. a second soldier wearing a belt system and fires the laser device with a shot.
  • a target d. H.
  • a second soldier wearing a belt system and fires the laser device with a shot.
  • the first soldier receives detectors on the belt system of the second soldier Soldier displays a hit as a confirmation that he has hit.
  • control unit 101 which is also equipped with a light detector 105 . It includes a keyboard 121, a display 114 and a battery 115. With a clamp 122 , this unit can be attached to a breast pocket, a belt or other equipment.
  • the data exchange between the individual components of the belt system takes place via ultrasound signals or via HF radio.
  • the control unit 101 works as a control unit (master).
  • the other components work as controlled units (slaves).
  • FIG. 12 shows a block diagram of a control unit, which can also work as a controlled unit, for example of the helmet or arm belt system, without the elements 132, 133 and 134 .
  • the block diagram of other controlled units, such as. B. that of a GPS module, may contain other or additional elements.
  • the controlled unit is controlled by a control circuit or microprocessor 125 which e.g. B. contains a microprocessor, RAM and ROM.
  • the control circuit 125 monitors the signals from the light detector 105 and displays data on an LCD display 114 .
  • the elements of the controlled unit are powered by a battery 115 .
  • a first ultrasonic transducer 126 is provided for data transmission and is e.g. B. a piezoelectric element that can be operated both as a transmitter and as a receiver of ultrasonic waves, preferably at a frequency of 40 kHz. Signals coming from the first ultrasound transducer 126 are processed in an amplifier / demodulator 127 and fed to the control circuit 125 . Signals which are sent out by the controlled unit are led to the transducer 126 via a modulator / driver 128 .
  • Transmitted and received signals can all be familiar to a specialist Types are encoded, preferably by amplitude, frequency or Pulse modulation.
  • Each controlled unit also includes a storage unit 130 to store an ID for each harness.
  • the ID is an individual identification code for each belt system.
  • the belt system ID storage unit 130 may be part of the RAM of the control circuit 125 .
  • the ID can also be changed using the keyboard.
  • control circuit 125 is additionally connected to a radio transmitter / receiver 132 for communication with the outside world, to a second keyboard 133 for data input and to control the function of the belt system and to a contact detector 134 to detect the distance of the control unit 101 from its carrier;
  • this detector can e.g. B. be equipped with sensors that detect moisture, temperature, pulse, human voices or other parameters that indicate the proximity of the body of its wearer, or contain mechanical detectors that open the mechanical devices used to attach to their wearer Show.
  • the data exchange between the individual components of the belt system can, for. B. by using data packets such as that shown in FIG. 13 .
  • Each data packet begins with a data header 136, followed by a data block 137 and an appropriate checksum 138.
  • standard messages are sent with a data header 136 , which contains the belt system ID of the present belt system.
  • each component compares this ID with the ID stored in the belt system ID storage unit 130 . If both identification codes match, the subsequent data block 137 is analyzed.
  • the data block 137 contains e.g. B. Information about the state of the detector (s) 105, messages 114 to be displayed on the LCD display, etc.
  • Such standard messages can be sent from any component of the belt system. These are received and analyzed by all other components.
  • the control unit 101 ( 125 ) can also send control messages. One of these control messages is the initialization message.
  • An initialization message is usually sent out after the user has put on the belt system, has entered a belt system identification code to be stored in the belt system ID storage unit 130 ( FIG. 12 ) and has pressed an initialization key on the keyboard 133 .
  • the initialization message contains a special initialization code in data header 136 ( Fig. 13 ).
  • data block 137 contains the belt system ID of the control unit. This belt system ID is copied into the belt system ID of the receiving controlled unit. The initialization message is thus used to set the belt system ID of all controlled units within the range of the first ultrasound transducer 126 ( FIG. 12 ).
  • the soldier After putting on a belt system, the soldier must therefore go to a place that is sufficiently far away from other users of the system and press the initialization button on his control unit 101 ( 125 ) ( FIG. 10 ). As a result, all components of his belt system are initialized and synchronized with the ID code.
  • a second control message sent out by the control unit is the synchronization message. Synchronization messages are sent out at regular time intervals. Each synchronization message contains a special synchronization code in its data header 136 ( FIG. 13 ) as well as the belt system ID of the control unit in its data block. Each controlled unit checks whether at least one synchronization message with the belt system identification code has been received within a given period of time. If not, this unit assumes that it has been removed from its control unit. It then begins to search for any synchronization message and, if such a message is found, retrieves its belt system ID from its data block 137 ( FIG. 13 ) and sets its belt system ID storage unit to this new belt system ID. This enables the replacement of belt system components. If a belt system component is transferred from one soldier to another, the soldier will automatically compare their identification code with that of the belt system components in his immediate vicinity.
  • control unit 101 ( FIG. 10 ) performs the control function while all other components are controlled. However, it is possible to make any other component the control unit. Likewise, the number of components can be larger or smaller than in the present example.
  • FIG. 14 shows a complete combat or simulation system as it is used to supervise or guide a large number of soldiers 140 from a command center 141 .
  • the command center 141 is equipped with a second radio transceiver 142 , which ensures data connections to the radio transceivers 132 ( FIG. 12 ) of the control units 101 ( 125 ) ( FIG. 10 ) of the belt systems of the soldiers.
  • This connection is used by the control units to transmit status information of each soldier (such as his position, emergency calls, determined hits, etc.).
  • the command center can use this connection to transmit commands such as "retreat" or "attack”.
  • each receiver / transmitter 142 includes one or more second ultrasound transducers 143, which can be used to communicate with the first ultrasound transducers 126 of the belt systems.
  • Second receiver / transmitter 142 can e.g. B. Detect the presence of soldiers in a given area (e.g. in a room) and thereby determine further information for the command center. They can also be used to transmit data from command center 141 to all soldiers in the given area.
  • the second radio receiver / transmitter 142 can also be connected to automatic door openers, room lighting, video surveillance devices, etc. A connection to the control center 141 need not necessarily exist for such functions.
  • IFF friend-foe detection systems
  • 15 consists of a semiconductor laser 230, an optical system that collimates the light beam and consists of lenses 231-233 , a holographic grating 234 and an exit window 235 . to generate a light beam with a divergence of 0.2-0.5 mrad.
  • the holographic grating 234 is rotatably mounted about a hinge 235 . The rotation takes place by means of a button, not shown, attached outside the housing. When this grating is moved to its horizontal position 234a , it does not affect the light beam. In its vertical position, the divergence of the light beam is increased to 10 mrad.
  • a beam splitter 239a is attached between lenses 232 and 233 to direct light emerging from the laser device into detector 239b .
  • Another plate 239c which is arranged symmetrically to the beam splitter 239a , compensates for the offset of the light beam caused by the beam splitter 239a .
  • the beam splitter 239a and the detector 239b are used to detect objects in the propagation path of the light beam. This can be dirt on hinge 235 or other obstacles (such as a sheet) in the emerging light beam. Such objects reflect part of the laser light and thereby generate a signal in the detector 239b , whereby the user can be warned.
  • the detector 239b can be used to receive a response signal as described below.
  • the semiconductor laser 230 ( FIG. 15 ) emits light at a wavelength of 820 nm with constant light output (non-pulsating) or at any other wavelength, preferably in the range between 780 and 1000 nm, and has an output power of, for example, 50 mW. If the laser light source is operated together with the holographic grating 234 , as a result of which the emerging light beam has a divergence of 10 mrad, the range is approximately 2 km, but without a holographic grating 234 it is more than 10 km due to the reduced divergence to 0.2 mrad. The aiming process is facilitated at distances of less than 2 km by the inserted holographic grating 234 .
  • a laser emitting in the near infrared ie at a wavelength of less than 1000 nm
  • semiconductor lasers which emit in these wavelength ranges can be operated in a continuously emitting manner. This allows the emitted light to be modulated precisely in a simple manner (pulse code modulation / chopper), which improves the signal-to-noise power ratio in the emerging light beam
  • Overlaps with lasers used in range finders (with an emission wavelength of 1500 nm) are avoided. Devices for the detection of emissions from range finders are not triggered in error.
  • the invention can also be implemented in embodiments with lasers (or other light sources) which emit at any wavelength.
  • FIG. 16 shows a block diagram of the electronics of a first, preferred embodiment integrated in the laser device 1 ( FIG. 4 ).
  • a control circuit 242 is shown in connection with an LCD display 240, control elements and sensors 243 (including the lever and the detector 239b ), a radio transmitter / receiver 244, 245, a modulator / amplifier 241 for a laser diode 230 and a local communication interface 246. All electronic circuitry and devices are powered by batteries 228 .
  • the radio transmitter / receiver 244, 245 can send and receive digital signals and contains the appropriate modulation and demodulation circuits according to the prior art.
  • the frequency or the radio channel of the transmitter and the receiver can be set by the control circuit 242 .
  • the transceiver 244, 245 can send and receive data on 32 different channels.
  • the local communication interface 246 ( Fig. 16 ) establishes and maintains the connection with the control unit, the arm harnesses and the helmet harness.
  • the local communication interface 246 is equipped with suitable transmitters and receivers for infrared, ultrasound, induction, cable or radio communication. Similar communication interfaces are found on the individual elements of harnesses and in the control unit.
  • Each belt system component includes a belt, the ends of which are detachable from one another connected, e.g. by a buckle or Velcro fasteners (the For the sake of clarity, not shown in detail).
  • the belt carries one or several detectors, which in their sensitivity to that by the laser device emitted light are sensitized, and a control circuit.
  • Each control circuit includes a local communication interface, similar the local communication interface of the laser device.
  • the user also carries a control unit, which also has a light detector and a communication interface.
  • the user wears separate harnesses his arms and helmet, the control unit is set down on his clothing attached.
  • This arrangement makes it possible to upgrade and remove the belt system easy to do even if the soldier has a backpack or other equipment.
  • the equipment emitting the laser light beam is of the soldier marked with the term "query unit”; the the Soldier receiving laser beam equipment is called “Response unit”.
  • the equipment emitting the laser light beam is of the soldier marked with the term "query unit”; the the Soldier receiving laser beam equipment is called “Response unit”.
  • every soldier's equipment all the components of both one Query as well as a response unit, i.e. every soldier can both query as well as be queried.
  • the present system can be used for friend-foe detection, combat simulation or target practice.
  • the basic mode of operation is the same for friend-foe detection and combat simulation.
  • the soldier leading the interrogation unit first selects his potential target by appropriately aligning the laser device. Thereupon he actuates the lever 47 ( FIG. 2 ) by pushing it into its active on position. This process is detected by the control circuit 242 ( FIG. 16 ) of the laser device 1 , which continuously scans the position of the lever, as shown in step 255 of the flowchart in FIG. 17 .
  • the laser diode 230 FIG. 15
  • a light beam used for the query is emitted (decision step 256 ( FIG. 17 ) in the flowchart).
  • the frequency code specifies the requested channel for sending the return response firm, i.e. the frequency of the radio frequency carrier with which the Sending the return response of the response unit is expected.
  • the query unit continuously monitors all available at a suitable frequency Frequencies and keeps a list of the currently free channels. Before the The query unit selects one of these free transmission of a query signal Channels as the channel to be monitored for the response.
  • the identification code contains an identification of the interrogator, e.g. a unique identification number assigned to the equipment of the respective soldier as well as securing information that the recipient's positive review the identity of the querier. Further data can e.g. the Position of the querying unit, the type of firearm etc.
  • the light beam used for the query will hit the response unit in which it is detected by one of the detectors (eg 65 in FIG. 5 ).
  • the response unit continuously monitors the detectors connected to it to detect an interrogating light beam, as shown in step 260 of FIG. 18 .
  • the response unit receives an interrogation signal, its identification code is checked and, if the identification is positive (that is, if the interrogating unit was recognized as authorized to query the response unit), a return response is prepared.
  • the requested channel for sending the return response is obtained from the query signal and the carrier frequency of the radio transmitter 244 ( FIG. 16 ) is set accordingly and the corresponding response signal is transmitted via radio, as shown in step 261 ( FIG. 18 ).
  • the response signal contains the following response data: a) the identification code of the response unit, b) information about the sensor (s) hit by the interrogating light beam (option), c) additional data (option).
  • the identification code is again a verifiable code, which is the responding Entity identified.
  • the information about the sensor (s) that the Have detected interrogation signal identifies which sensor (s) of the response unit has detected the signal. This information is specific to combat simulations useful. Further data can in turn be information about the position of the response unit or other relevant data, that could be useful during the battle or simulation. This can also be information identifying the response unit.
  • the response unit detects a query signal, its user will not alarmed, with the exception of combat simulations in which this signal is used Display of a hit can be used. A soldier who is hit will assumed to be killed or wounded. If the answer unit a variety detectors, e.g. on the chest, arms and head of the soldier, the response unit can also display the detectors hit to give a more accurate picture of the simulated damage.
  • the interrogation unit monitors the selected channel to determine the answer (step 257 ( FIG. 17 )). If the response signal is received within a given period of time after the query signal has been sent, the identity of the answering unit is checked and, if the answering unit has been identified as friendly, proceed to step 258 .
  • the display 240 ( FIG. 15 ) is activated in order to show the queried unit as "friendly”. Otherwise, proceed to step 259 ( FIG. 17 ) and the queried unit is displayed as "hostile".
  • the result of the friend-foe detection can be represented by means of one or more LEDs 41 ( FIG. 2 ) or by means of an acoustic signal.
  • the interrogation unit can send a confirmation signal to the response unit by means of its laser light beam. This increases the reliability of the system. If the confirmation signal is not received by the response unit, the response signal can be transmitted again. Although the use of such an acknowledgment signal is preferred, it is not necessary for the system to operate correctly, so the steps in this regard are not shown in FIGS. 17 and 18 .
  • query and response signal can be of very short duration.
  • the response signal has a duration of the order of a few milliseconds. Without special precautions, there would be a not insignificant one Probability that there are response signals from multiple response units hit overlap.
  • Response unit does not immediately respond to an interrogation signal, but leaves a given one Elapse the delay time before starting up your radio transmitter. This delay time is determined by a random number generator that each response signal is sent at a different time. In front The response unit sends the response signal to check the occupancy of the requested channel. A busy channel causes another random delay the transmission of the response signal.
  • FIG. 5 shows a soldier carrying a full harness system including an interrogation unit and an answering unit
  • FIG. 5 shows a soldier carrying a full harness system including an interrogation unit and an answering unit
  • some participants in a battle or simulation even have only one answering unit or one interrogation unit can carry with you.
  • Civilians, for example, could only be equipped with a response unit ( Fig. 10, 11 ).
  • the laser device of the system shown here can be used for friend-foe detection, combat simulation and used for the shooting described above become.
  • it can be used as a target aid to precisely align a Gun can be used on a target, with the user using a night vision aid for the purpose of recognizing the target point illuminated by the near infrared laser got to.
  • the laser light beam can also be used for distance measurement and communication be used.
  • the control unit can e.g. With a keyboard, which allows the entry of one or more messages allowed, including a microphone, a speaker and / or a video display can be present.
  • a keyboard which allows the entry of one or more messages allowed, including a microphone, a speaker and / or a video display can be present.
  • the present system can be a central, permanently installed one, especially during a combat simulation Radio receiver for monitoring all of the signals emitted by the response units Signals as well as the representation of all events and losses are used thereby providing the command and control with an instrument for assessing the situation to give.
  • any belt system be equipped with headphones to e.g. send out a signal that indicates whether a given destination turns out to be a result of a corresponding query turns out to be friendly or hostile.
  • a belt system When using the friend-foe detection system, a belt system should be used Mechanism to be provided when removing the system from its original Carrier whose irreversible decommissioning causes.
  • the belt system can e.g. be provided with sensors that the immediate Capture values near a living human body.
  • mechanical detectors or so-called 'speech detectors' can also be used. (Detectors responding by voice display) can be provided Show opening of buckles, attachment of control unit etc. Once these sensors or detectors perceive that the belt system (or Parts of it) have been removed from its original carrier the functions of the belt system are disabled until a defined access code is entered via the keyboard of the control unit.
  • the response signal was an electromagnetic signal on radio frequencies.
  • other forms of transmission for the response signal can also be selected.
  • a light-designed receiver and light-emitting transmitter can be used instead of the radio transceiver 244, 245 ( FIG. 16 ) for communication between the interrogation and response unit.
  • a response unit receives the query signal, it sends the response signal via the light-emitting transmitter 245 , for example by means of pulse modulation.
  • the light-emitting transmitters 245 can consist of one or more LEDs or other light-emitting light sources which can be mounted anywhere on the response unit, for example on the helmet harness or in any light detector.
  • Receiver 244 designed for light, preferably includes detector 239b (see FIG. 15 ).
  • the lens 233 forms an imaging optics which images the response unit onto the detector 239b , so that the signals from the transmitters 245 can be received.
  • one or more ultrasound transmitters 245 can be used, as well as an ultrasound receiver 244 for communication between the query and response unit. If a response unit receives an interrogation signal, the ultrasonic transmitter 245 is used to transmit the response signal, for example by pulse modulation at a carrier frequency of 40 kHz.
  • the ultrasound transmitter 245 can be attached anywhere in the response unit.
  • the ultrasound receiver 244 preferably has a direction-dependent sensitivity and can, for example, be mounted on the laser device 4 ( FIG. 4 ) instead of the antenna. It receives and demodulates the response unit signal generated by ultrasound transmitter 245 .
  • the response signal can also be transmitted on a carrier frequency.
  • This carrier frequency can be the frequency of a periodic modulation of the individual pulses from the light-emitting transmitters 245 .
  • the carrier frequency to be requested can be determined by the interrogation unit receiver 244 before the interrogation signal is sent and then sent to the response unit in the interrogation signal frequency code described in the first embodiment.
  • the receiver 244 of the interrogation unit is provided with suitable filters for the selective reception of a response signal at the given carrier frequency. This in turn avoids overlapping competitive communication processes.
  • the aiming device 301 has an axis 302 which is adjusted, for example, parallel to the firing axis of a weapon. On the one hand, it generates a bundled light beam 303 that propagates along the axis 302 . At the same time, however, the laser device can also generate a divergent light cone 304 . This cone has an opening angle of z. B. about 10 mrad and the axis 302 as an axis of symmetry.
  • the bundled beam 303 creates a light point 306 on a target object 305 , which marks the intersection of the axis 302 with the target plane. If the weapon 2 and the laser device 1 ( FIG. 2 ) are correctly adjusted to one another, then the light point 306 essentially corresponds to the bullet point.
  • the light cone 304 forms an illuminated ring 7. This allows the observer to align closer targets more easily with the axis 303 , since the spot size of an undeflected light beam is only a few mm after shorter distances.
  • the grating of the present exemplary embodiment is designed in such a way that the phase of the originally planar light wave in the corresponding annular zones increases by 0.73 ⁇ , which means that approximately 20% of the light output remains in the undeflected beam.
  • the degree of the sudden phase change can be adjusted, so that the distribution of the light output between the diffracted and undiffracted light beam can be regulated continuously and without the use of mechanical means.
  • Another embodiment consists of a holographic grating with variation the optical attenuation instead of the phase of the light field, this with suitable means, e.g. B. liquid crystal cells is to be made.
  • the 21 shows a projection of the undiffracted and diffracted light onto a vertical target plane.
  • the light point 306 has a divergence of 0.5 mrad proportional to the size of the projection, which is 10 mrad for the ring 307 produced by diffraction in the holographic grating.
  • the thickness of the ring corresponds approximately to the wall thickness of the light cone 304 and thus the diameter of the light spot 306.
  • a corresponding design of the holographic phase grating additionally provides a uniform illumination of an area between the ring 307 and the light spot 306 , which is depending extends outside of the ring 307 if necessary.
  • the position of the center of the circle 307 in the target plane is critical with regard to the perpendicular incidence of the light beam into the holographic phase grating, but a shift of the grating perpendicular to the optical axis only causes an uneven thickness of the ring 307.
  • the total light output emitted by the target device should preferably be higher in these positions than in the middle position of the holder.
  • a position sensor can be provided on the holder, which increases the power of the light source 301 when its light is sent through one of the deflecting optics.
  • the target device described is suitable for use of all kinds, but in particular also for combination with other optoelectronic auxiliary systems.
  • So z. B. the beam emitted by the light source is modulated in time and with information or identification signals are provided, which are then directed and scattered be transmitted.
  • the laser device may emit invisible or visible, preferably colored, light and may include means for inserting one or more holographic gratings 234 ( FIG. 15 ) into the, as desired, using an externally actuated switching system, such as buttons and / or levers To be able to switch the laser beam path on and off, such a grating can increase the divergence of the laser beam and can result in an illuminated zone in the form of a ring 307 ( FIG. 19 ) or a triangle or a square or of several points or any other desired figure.
  • the laser device can otherwise also comprise means to make an invisible one if desired or emit visible laser radiation.
  • the laser device can also be designed to emit a tightly bundled laser radiation that is only visible through night vision goggles, and to have means for alternately scanning and scanning the laser beam 11 ( FIG. 2 ) as an alarm signal so that a first soldier equipped with night vision goggles, the illuminates a second soldier who can identify him as a friend with this intermittent alarm signal.
  • the identification system can also include code management in order to Identification of aircraft, tanks, civilians, equipment or people of the Red Cross etc. and / or vice versa.
  • the control unit 101 ( FIG. 10 ) can be programmed such that when a special code is entered, the soldiers of a group can only identify soldiers of their own group, or that no identification is possible at all, or that groups can also be combined.
  • the identification system according to the invention with at least one laser device for identifying at least one target device can also be designed such that the laser device emits coded laser radiation in such a way that the target device has sensor means for detecting this laser radiation and converting it into electrical signals , which are fed to a discriminator, and transmitter means for sending messages to receiver means, which are located inside or outside the laser device, in accordance with decisions made in the discriminator, and that the laser device emits invisible or visible, preferably colored light, is formed and comprises means to switch one or more holographic gratings 234 ( FIG.
  • the laser beam used for identification can preferably be coded in this way and / or chopped that the object to be identified is communicated, in what way or on which channel or in which frequency band sequence a reply should be sent. This brings the big one Advantage that the laser path makes it impossible to spy on the frequencies, because nobody can know on which frequency or which frequency band one Response is expected.
  • the laser beam can also be bundled in such a way that the objects of a group can be identified individually. Furthermore, the laser beam is also used to send messages for voice and video images become.
  • the same device can be used for both short-range weapons and tanks and Airplanes as well as ballistic weapons are used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Système d'identification par laser comprenant au moins un appareil laser (1) destiné à l'identification d'au moins un dispositif de cible (6),
    l'appareil laser (1)
    comportant des éléments émetteurs destinés à émettre un rayonnement laser avec un premier codage,
    comportant un microprocesseur et,
    possédant des éléments récepteurs se trouvant à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur de l'appareil laser ; et
    le dispositif de cible (6)
    comportant des éléments capteurs destinés à détecter ce rayonnement laser et à le transformer en signaux électriques qui sont amenés dans un discriminateur,
    comportant un microprocesseur, et
    comprenant une première série d'éléments émetteurs conçus comme des émetteurs laser et une autre série d'éléments émetteurs munis d'une unité à ultrasons et/ou d'une unité radio, afin de renvoyer, conformément aux décisions prises dans le discriminateur, des messages de retour aux éléments récepteurs de l'appareil laser (1),
       caractérisé en ce que
    les éléments émetteurs de l'appareil laser (1) sont conçus pour émettre un deuxième rayonnement laser dans un autre codage que le rayonnement laser susmentionné pour le cas où les éléments récepteurs de l'appareil laser (1) n'ont pas reçu de message de retour du dispositif de cible (6) dans un certain laps de temps (Ta) après l'émission du faisceau laser focalisé des premiers éléments émetteurs susmentionnés,
    les éléments récepteurs de l'appareil laser (1) comportent une unité à ultrasons et/ou une unité radio (72,71),
    le premier codage a pour effet que les premiers éléments émetteurs conçus comme des émetteurs laser transmettent une confirmation à l'appareil laser ; et en ce que
    l'autre codage a pour effet que les autres éléments émetteurs du dispositif de cible (6) munis de l'unité à ultrasons et/ou de l'unité radio transmettent une confirmation à l'appareil laser (1) qui peut être reçue par l'unité à ultrasons et/ou l'unité radio de l'appareil laser (1).
  2. Système d'identification selon la revendication 1
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'appareil laser (1) est conçu pour l'émission de lumière visible ou invisible et comprend des moyens pour connecter ou déconnecter dans le passage du faisceau laser un ou plusieurs réseaux holographiques (234), selon ce qui est souhaité, à l'aide d'un système de commutation pouvant être commandé de l'extérieur, par exemple par des boutons et/ou des leviers, ce réseau augmentant la divergence du faisceau laser et créant une zone éclairée ayant la forme d'un anneau (307), d'un triangle, d'un carré, de plusieurs points ou de toute autre figure souhaitée, et/ou
    l'appareil laser (1) comprend des moyens pour émettre, selon ce qui est souhaité, un rayonnement laser visible ou invisible.
  3. Système d'identification selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'appareil laser (1) est agencé ou bien peut être connecté pour émettre un rayonnement laser très focalisé seulement visible à travers des lunettes de vision nocturne, et comprend des moyens pour alternativement saisir ou supprimer par clavier le faisceau laser (11) en tant que signal d'alerte, de façon à ce qu'un premier soldat équipé de lunettes de vision nocturne éclairant un deuxième soldat puisse identifier celui-ci comme ami par le biais de ce signal d'alerte.
  4. Système d'identification selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé en ce que
    il comprend une gestion des codes afin de permettre l'identification d'avions, de chars blindés, de civils, d'équipements ou de personnes de la Croix Rouge etc. et/ou inversement.
  5. Dispositif de cible (6) destiné à un système d'identification comportant un appareil laser (1) et un dispositif de cible (6),
    l'appareil laser (1) étant conçu afin
    d'émettre un rayonnement laser avec un codage,
    de recevoir du dispositif de cible (6) un message de retour sur ce rayonnement laser,
    d'émettre un rayon laser avec un autre codage pour le cas où aucun message de retour n'a été reçu, de la part du dispositif de cible (6), dans un certain laps de temps (Ta) après l'émission du rayonnement laser, et
    de recevoir une confirmation de la part du dispositif de cible (6) sur l'autre rayon laser,
    le dispositif de cible (6)
    étant un dispositif à sangles portatif équipé d'un grand nombre de composants électriques échangeant des données entre eux,
    notamment, en premier lieu, des éléments émetteurs conçus comme des émetteurs laser,
    des photodétecteurs et
    des unités de contrôle et/ou de commande,
    l'un desdits composants étant une unité de contrôle (101) et
    d'autres composants étant des unités commandées, et
    l'unité de contrôle (101) comportant une mémoire (130), destinée à mémoriser un code d'identification du système à sangles, et un circuit de contrôle (125), destiné à émettre le code d'identification en direction des unités commandées à l'aide de signaux de données, et
    comprenant d'autres éléments récepteurs équipés d'une unité à ultrasons et/ou d'une unité radio,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le dispositif de cible (6) est conçu de manière à
    émettre le message de retour à l'aide de l'émetteur laser lorsqu'il reçoit le rayon laser avec le premier codage et
    émettre une confirmation à l'aide de l'unité à ultrasons et/ou de l'unité radio lorsqu'il reçoit le rayon laser avec l'autre codage.
  6. Dispositif de cible (6) selon la revendication 5,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les unités commandées comportent une mémoire (130) destinée à mémoriser le code d'identification de l'unité de contrôle (101) ainsi qu'un circuit de contrôle destiné à comparer les messages entrants avec le code d'identification enregistré dans la mémoire (130).
  7. Dispositif de cible (6) selon la revendication 5 ou 6,
    caractérisé en ce que
    une unité de contrôle (101) comprend un clavier (121), un écran (114), une batterie (115) et éventuellement un photodétecteur (105), et
    l'échange des données entre les différents composants du système à sangles se fait par des câbles et/ou des signaux ultrasoniques et/ou des signaux radio H.F. et/ou éventuellement des signaux lumineux.
  8. Dispositif de cible (6) selon la revendication 7,
    caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des éléments destinés à utiliser le rayon de lumière laser à des fins de mesure des distances et/ou de communication, l'unité de contrôle (101) étant munie, pour une utilisation à des fins de communication, d'un clavier (121) qui permet la saisie d'une ou de plusieurs informations.
  9. Dispositif de cible (6) selon l'une des revendications 5 à 8,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'unité de contrôle (101) est programmée de telle manière que les soldats d'un groupe ne puissent identifier que des soldats de leur propre groupe, ou que des soldats d'au moins un groupe prédéfini ne puissent identifier que des soldats d'au moins un autre groupe prédéfini.
  10. Dispositif de cible (6) selon l'une des revendications 5 à 9,
    caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des éléments destinés à saisir la distance de l'unité de contrôle (101) par rapport à son porteur et munis de capteurs enregistrant des paramètres tels que l'humidité, la température, le pouls, les voix humaines ou d'autres paramètres qui peuvent révéler la proximité du corps du porteur, ou bien comprenant des détecteurs mécaniques qui indiquent l'ouverture des dispositifs mécaniques utilisés pour la fixation sur le porteur.
  11. Dispositif de cible (6) selon l'une des revendications 5 à 10,
    caractérisé en ce que
    en vue de leur utilisation dans un système d'identification comportant un appareil laser qui est muni de moyens d'interruption périodique (81) et qui est agencé ou qui peut être connecté pour émettre un rayonnement laser (11) très focalisé, codé et haché avec une fréquence prédéterminée, les éléments capteurs (61,...67) du dispositif de cible (6) comprennent des éléments qui permettent d'obtenir, à partir du rayonnement laser haché reçu, un signal électrique alternant qui est amené à un préamplificateur (92) placé en amont du discriminateur (96).
  12. Procédé servant à faire fonctionner un système d'identification selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le rayon laser utilisé pour l'identification est codé et/ou haché de manière à informer l'objet à identifier de quelle façon, sur quel canal ou dans quelle fréquence ou bande de fréquences doit être envoyée une réponse.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12,
    caractérisé en ce que
    afin de simuler un vrai tir, on utilise un laser dont les caractéristiques de rayonnement présentent une trajectoire étant au moins approximativement identique à la trajectoire d'une balle.
EP98111279A 1998-03-09 1998-06-18 Système d'identification Expired - Lifetime EP0945697B1 (fr)

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EP (1) EP0945697B1 (fr)
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AU (1) AU745407C (fr)
CA (1) CA2235788C (fr)
DE (1) DE59809967D1 (fr)

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DE59809967D1 (de) 2003-11-27
EP0945697A1 (fr) 1999-09-29
JPH11264698A (ja) 1999-09-28
AU745407C (en) 2002-11-07
US6450816B1 (en) 2002-09-17
CA2235788C (fr) 2005-05-24
AU6809198A (en) 1999-09-23
CA2235788A1 (fr) 1999-09-09
AU745407B2 (en) 2002-03-21

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