EP0950341A1 - Brennofen für die hochtemperaturbehandlung von materialien mit niedrigem dielektrischem verlustfaktor - Google Patents
Brennofen für die hochtemperaturbehandlung von materialien mit niedrigem dielektrischem verlustfaktorInfo
- Publication number
- EP0950341A1 EP0950341A1 EP98904027A EP98904027A EP0950341A1 EP 0950341 A1 EP0950341 A1 EP 0950341A1 EP 98904027 A EP98904027 A EP 98904027A EP 98904027 A EP98904027 A EP 98904027A EP 0950341 A1 EP0950341 A1 EP 0950341A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- resonator
- microwave
- kiln according
- cavity resonator
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/70—Feed lines
- H05B6/707—Feed lines using waveguides
- H05B6/708—Feed lines using waveguides in particular slotted waveguides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/6402—Aspects relating to the microwave cavity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/70—Feed lines
- H05B6/705—Feed lines using microwave tuning
Definitions
- the invention relates to a kiln for the high-temperature treatment of materials with a relatively low dielectric loss factor while heating the material by absorption of microwave energy in a cavity and with the other generic features mentioned in the preamble of claim 1.
- Such a kiln is known from WO95 / 05058 PCT / GB94 / 01730.
- the known kiln has a cuboid cavity resonator, within which the cuboid stack space is delimited by a cuboidal heat insulation device , which corresponds to the area within the resonator in which a sufficiently homogeneous distribution of the electric field strength is assumed.
- the uniformity of the electric field strength or the square of the same is a prerequisite for the sintered material to be sufficiently "uniformly" heat-treatable.
- an effect which is characteristic of microwave furnaces is one heating means provided, which allows the edge preparation ⁇ surface of the sintered stack conventionally such as pre-heater to heat additionally by means of a counter ⁇ to achieve a balanced temperature profile within the sintered stack in this manner.
- the known furnace is suitable for achieving approximately the same thermal conditions in the entire treatment volume in a relatively small treatment area, it has the disadvantage that the thermal insulation device exposed to the microwave radiation absorbs the predominant portion of the incident microwave energy, which inevitably leads to a high level Consumption of microwave energy leads, which is not available for the desired thermal treatment of the sintered material. This results from the fact that in practical cases the total volume of insulation material is significantly larger than the volume of the sintered material.
- the known kiln is therefore not suitable as an industrially usable oven, since there is no efficient use of microwave energy, but it is much more costly to produce than "conventional" heating by means of electrical resistance heating.
- WO95 / 05058 also discloses a firing furnace designed as a continuous furnace, which is designed as a tunnel furnace with heating zones of different temperatures, through which the sintered material is moved over transport rollers, the additional heating being arranged outside the treatment room and the thermal insulation which surrounds the surroundings insulated against the high temperature area, enclosing the furnace on the outside.
- this furnace is a system with inevitably insufficient field homogeneity, i.e. a furnace design that is possible when relatively small objects are sintered in series, and because of the movement through inhomogeneous areas, a homogeneous field distribution is not important.
- the known tunnel furnace is indeed suitable for materials with high dielectric losses that strongly absorb microwave energy, but not for a treatment of sintered goods with relatively low dielectric losses, which is practically only can be treated in significant quantities in a cavity resonator with high field homogeneity.
- the known tube furnace would not be suitable for materials with a low dielectric loss factor, which, however, are of high technical interest.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a kiln of the type mentioned at the outset, which permits high-temperature treatment of sintered material with a low dielectric loss factor in a large treatment volume, which, owing to its dimensions, can be used as an industrial furnace and is nevertheless operable with a high degree of energy utilization. Furthermore, the kiln should be suitable for applications within a wide temperature range up to 1800 ° C.
- Compliance with the dimensioning relations according to feature a) results in a homogeneity of the field distribution that is suitable for a large treatment volume, in which a large number of sintered objects can be treated with uniform loading, with respect to the external dimensions of the resonator.
- Such a magnetron can e.g. have a center frequency of 2.45 GHz, which corresponds to a tuning range of between 2.438 GHz to 2.462 GHz.
- the radiation source is designed in such a way that the time for a frequency sweep between the cutoff frequencies is in the tenths of a second range, for example between 0.05 and 1 second, ie within a period of time which is small compared to the thermal relaxation time of the sintered material.
- This measure is favorable in order to avoid thermal stresses within the sintered material.
- Such voltages could build up if, as a result of a rate of change in the frequency which is too low, the field distribution corresponding to a specific frequency, which is necessarily inhomogeneous, would be maintained for too long.
- a quasi-continuous "gap-free" tuning range of the frequency results if the frequency spacings in the frequency scale of adjacent center frequencies of the magnetron satisfy the relationship ( ⁇ f. + ⁇ f.) / 2.
- its cavity resonator is cuboid, preferably such that the edge lengths 1x, 1y and 1z of the cavity boundary correspond to at least 10 times the wavelength ⁇ of the microwave radiation.
- the cavity resonator can have a polygonal shape, that is to say the shape of a prismatic hollow profile, as seen in the direction in which flat boundary walls of the cavity resonate along parallel corner edges. Staltungen in these Ge ⁇ the resonator in a simple way from plate-shaped elements can be assembled, in particular, as provided according to claim 8, of plate-shaped graphite material.
- This design of the cavity resonator has the advantage that the Kiln can be operated at very high temperatures, so that sintering processes in temperature ranges up to 1800 'C are possible.
- the limit case of the cylindrical-tubular resonator can also be reached in a good approximation.
- this design has the advantage that the design of the resonator can be better approximated to a usually cylindrical outer vessel which can be evacuated and / or can be flushed with protective gas.
- an antenna arrangement which has an omnidirectional characteristic, i.e. largely avoids a directional effect.
- Such an antenna is designed according to the features of claim 10 as a group radiator comprising a plurality of individual radiators, the individual radiators of which can be fed in a statistically distributed phase position.
- Such a group radiator is designed in a preferred embodiment of the oven according to claim 11 as a slot radiator, which comprises a plurality of radiation slots with a slot length between ⁇ / 4 and ⁇ / 2 and a compared to this small slot width w which, in the direction of propagation of the microwave field in the feeding waveguide seen, distributed over its length such that the same or approximately the same amounts of microwave energy can be coupled into the cavity resonator per slot, the extent of the individual slots between w and ⁇ / 2, viewed in the direction of propagation of the microwave field in the waveguide is, furthermore that in the direction of propagation of the microwave field in the waveguide measured distance of successive slots of the slot antenna is between ⁇ / 2 and 3 ⁇ / 4 and, based on the longitudinal median plane of the waveguide running in the direction of propagation, the lateral distance of the slots from this median plane increases gradually over the length of the waveguide, and that a statistical distribution of the longitudinal slots, which form the individual radiation elements, is provided with respect to the longitudinal center plane of the
- At least some of its slots can also run obliquely to the propagation of the microwave field in the waveguide.
- the antenna (s) are in stripes.
- horn shaped edge areas of flat parts of the resonator walls, which run in the immediate vicinity of edges of the resonator wall, along which flat inner surfaces of the resonator abut one another.
- the additional heating surrounding the resonator and the waveguide or waveguides, via which the antenna (s) are / are fed, is designed as an electrically controllable resistance heating which is controlled in accordance with a temperature curve specified by a program which corresponds to the Should correspond to the temperature profile in the sintered material, which in turn is monitored by means of a temperature sensor, preferably a pyrometer, and used for the target actual value comparison for heating the resonator wall, the temperature of which is adjusted to the temperature of the sintered material in the sense of a follow-up control , which is essentially determined by the incident microwave power.
- a temperature sensor preferably a pyrometer
- each of the resonator walls has its own heating element and temperature sensor.
- the insulation itself can be formed from a graphite-based material, for example graphite felt, and then, provided that it is arranged on the inside of the housing surrounding the resonator, on the basis of Leitfä ⁇ ability of the graphite material, an effective suppression of all microwaves -Leckstrahlung outward.
- FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a kiln according to the invention for a high-temperature treatment of ceramic sintered material with a low dielectric loss factor, which can be heated within a cuboid cavity of the kiln by absorption of microwave energy, in a schematically simplified block diagram representation,
- La shows a schematically simplified, perspective view of the cavity resonator and the arrangement of the treatment tolerances
- FIG. 2 shows details of a slot antenna arrangement provided for coupling microwave energy into the cavity resonator of the furnace according to FIG. 1, in a schematically simplified, partially broken perspective view representation and
- FIG. 2a shows the slot antenna according to FIG. 2 in a simplified plan view.
- the kiln designated overall by 10 in FIG. 1, is intended for a temperature treatment, in particular for sintering, of workpieces 11 which are only indicated schematically, and which through this thermal treatment only have their material properties and / or spatial dimensions required for the intended use of the finished workpieces gain.
- Typical workpieces 11 which are produced on the basis of nitride-ceramic material, in particular Si 3 N4, for example ball bearings, valve body and housing, nozzles, or on the basis of oxide-ceramic material, for example sealing washers and -Rings, and need a sintering treatment, should be exposed to this thermal treatment in the furnace 10.
- nitride-ceramic material in particular Si 3 N4, for example ball bearings, valve body and housing, nozzles, or on the basis of oxide-ceramic material, for example sealing washers and -Rings, and need a sintering treatment, should be exposed to this thermal treatment in the furnace 10.
- These are materials with a relatively low dielectric loss factor (tan ⁇ ⁇ 0.01), which are arranged in a stack denoted overall by 12.
- the sintered material formed by the workpieces 11 as a whole is heated by absorption of microwave energy which is generated by a microwave source 13 and via an antenna arrangement, designated overall by 14, with an omnidirectional beam characteristic in a cavity resonator, designated overall by 16, with electrically conductive walls 16 to 16 is coupled in, which in the special embodiment shown has the shape of a cuboid, the dimensions of which are 1x, 1y and
- 1z significant e.g. are about 10 times larger than the wavelength ⁇ of the microwaves that can be generated by means of the microwave source 13, and are each in the order of magnitude J / 'Vres, with
- the treatment room, within which the sintered material is held in the form of a dielectric load of the cavity resonator 16 in a manner not specifically shown, is schematically represented in FIG. 1 a as a central subspace 17 geometrically similar to the interior of the cavity resonator 16, the one for the thermal treatment of the sintered material 11 usable volume can be approximately 1/3 of the resonator volume Vres.
- the resonance condition is for the wavelength of the microwave radiation which is resonant in the resonator 16
- the uniform distribution of the electrical field energy required for a qualitatively equivalent treatment of a sintered material distributed over the treatment subspace 17 can be achieved to a good approximation if the cavity resonator can be excited in a large number of resonant vibration types and these vibration types are capable of being superimposed at least on average over time, where the number ⁇ N of the vibrational types that can be excited by the relationship
- Vres is the volume of the cavity resonator
- ⁇ is the vacuum wavelength of the microwave radiation
- Qtotal is the overall quality of the arrangement 10, 11 explained so far
- Qres denotes the quality of the resonator wall, which is due to the relationship
- QQ is the quality of the microwave source (13), which is given by the relationship
- A___ the total area of the resonator wall
- Vdiel is the volume of the dielectric material to be treated 11
- a magnetron with a fundamental frequency of 2.45 GHz is provided as the microwave radiation source 13.
- the resonator volume is Vres
- 16 to 16 consist of plate-shaped graphite material, so that a penetration depth e of 32 ⁇ m results at the specified frequency of the microwave source, which corresponds to a quality of the resonator wall of approximately 8600.
- a value of 60 cm 2 is assumed for the "radiating" antenna area, which corresponds to a quality factor Qant of the antenna arrangement
- the value of the quality Qdiel of the sintered good is 2100 if a value of 8 and a loss factor of 0.008 are used for the dielectric constant.
- the bandwidth B of the microwave radiation generated by the magnetron is smaller than 10 ′′ , which is one of more than 10 speaks.
- the overall quality Qges corresponds approximately to that
- the quality Qdiel of the dielectric material and the number of excitable vibration types ⁇ N approximately a value of 9. From this it follows that a sufficient number of vibration types, which are necessary for a sufficiently uniform distribution of the electric field in the cavity, can only be achieved by a broadband Microwave source can be reached.
- the furnace 10 is designed to have the following relationship:
- the antenna arrangement 14, by means of which the magnetron 13 generated microwave energy can be coupled into the cavity resonator 16, is designed as a slot radiator which comprises a plurality of radiation slots 18, each of which forms an antenna element, the radiating antenna area of which corresponds to the clear slot area.
- These radiation slots 18 are arranged in a longitudinal wall 19 of a rectangular waveguide 21 (FIG.
- the microwave energy generated by the magnetron 13 and fed into it at one end of the waveguide 21 only in the TE -Mode (fundamental type) in the arrangement example shown is capable of propagation in the z-direction, such that the electric field vector is perpendicular to the longitudinal waveguide wall 19 provided with the slots 18 and the field distribution of the electric field in the interior of the rectangular waveguide in runs essentially symmetrically to its longitudinal center plane 23, which in turn extends in the direction of propagation of the microwave field in the waveguide 21.
- These radiation slots 18 are distributed over the length 1 of the rectangular waveguide 21 in such a way that the same or approximately the same amounts of microwave energy can be coupled into the cavity resonator 16 per radiation slot 18, and that the phase positions of those coupled into the cavity resonator 16 through the radiation slots electromagnetic fields are different in a statistical sequence.
- the distance d (FIG. 2a) of successive slots of the slot antenna 14 is between ⁇ / 2 and 3 ⁇ / 4, deviating from the illustration chosen for explanation, in which the longer slot edges parallel to the longitudinal center plane 23 of the waveguide 23, slot configurations with oblique to this or even perpendicular to this longitudinal edges are possible.
- the length is 1 individual slots 18 between ⁇ / 4 and ⁇ / 2 and is significantly larger than the width w of the slots measured at right angles to the longitudinal center plane 23 or the direction of propagation of the microwave energy in the rectangular waveguide.
- the lateral distance a of the radiation slots from the longitudinal center plane 23 of the rectangular waveguide 21 gradually increases.
- the arrangement sequence of the radiation slots 18 'and 18''(FIG. 2a) arranged on one side of the longitudinal center plane corresponds in the spacing grid to the slot spacings d, seen in the direction of propagation of the microwave field in the rectangular waveguide 21, a "binary" random sequence of slot pairs ( 1.0) and (0.1), where (1.0) means that there is a slot 18 'on one, "left" side of the longitudinal center plane 23 of the rectangular waveguide 21, but not a symmetrically arranged one slot 18 "and the combination (0.1) that there is a radiation slot 18" on the other "right” side of the longitudinal median plane 23, but not on the opposite, "left” side.
- the combination (1,1) which would correspond to a phase difference of ⁇ / 2 of the radiation field 18 'and 18''radiated exactly opposite one another, as well as the combination (0,0) are without in the exemplary embodiment chosen for explanation Limitation of generality, excluded.
- the in so ⁇ far basic design according explained slot antenna acts as a phased array, the 'formed individual radiators through the slots 18 and 18' and 18 'are adapted to be fed with statistically distributing ⁇ ter phase position, whereby the Abstrahl characteri ⁇ stic of the antenna assembly 14 in very good approximation is an omnidirectional characteristic.
- the rectangular waveguide 21 provided for feeding the radiation slots 18 of the antenna arrangement 14 is corresponding to FIG 1 integrated into a prismatic graphite body 24, the outer cross-sectional contour of which corresponds to that of an isosceles right-angled triangle, by whose hypotenuse 26 in the representation of FIG. 1, a resonator cavity boundary surface is represented, which is located in a corner region of the cavity resonator 16 between the resonator walls 16 and 16 which adjoin one another at right angles in the region of the antenna arrangement 14, the waveguide surfaces delimiting the waveguide interior 22 in pairs running parallel or perpendicular to the oblique inner longitudinal delimitation surface 26 of the cavity resonator 16, which pass through the "hypothenus" surface of the graphite body 24 is formed.
- a design of the magnetron 13 is provided in which its oscillation frequency is within a bandwidth is variable from 1/100 of the fundamental frequency f of 2.45 GHz.
- the cycle times of the frequency variation which can be controlled by means of an electronic control unit 27, are matched to the thermal relaxation behavior of the sintered good 11 in such a way that they are small compared to the thermal relaxation time of the sintered good to be treated. Accordingly, the electronic control unit 27 is designed so that the cycle times can be between 0.05 and 1 second.
- the source can also serve the purpose of reducing the source quality Q on average over time, which is not specifically shown
- antenna arrangements 14 are provided for the radiation of microwave energy into the cavity resonator 16, then it is expedient if they are grouped azimuthally approximately equidistantly about a "central" axis running parallel to the polygon edges of the resonator cavity to achieve a uniform irradiation of microwave energy in the treatment room 17 of the cavity resonator.
- the furnace 10 is provided with a heating device, designated overall by 28, which, in turn, has six electrical resistance heating elements 28 ⁇ to corresponding to the number of large wall elements 161 to 166 of the cavity resonator 16
- the heating powers are individually controllable, so that the temperature of the wall elements 16 to 16 can be influenced individually.
- the wall elements 16 1 to 166 are each equipped with at least one temperature sensor 29 1 to 296, which generate characteristic electrical output signals for the actual values of the wall temperatures.
- a pyrometer designated as a whole by 32, is provided, by means of which the temperature of the sintered material 11 can be detected.
- This pyrometer 32 includes a arranged on geeingeter position in the stack 12 specimen 33 and an elec ⁇ tronically-optical sensor 34, by means of which the Strahlungstem ⁇ is detectable temperature of the sample body 33, so that this characteristic electrical output of the sensor 34 an accurate measure of the temperature of the sintered material 11.
- the electronic control unit 31 of the heating device 28 transmits a comparative processing of the actual value output signals of the pyrometer arrangement 32 and the temperature sensors 29 to 29 6 and also mediates a control of the heating elements
- the cavity resonator 16 and the heating elements 281 to 286 of the heating device 28 provided for heating its walls 16 to 16 6 are arranged within a stable steel housing 36 which, for the purpose of the possibility of a protective gas flushing of its interior 17 including the resonator cavity or one Evacuation is carried out gastight.
- the steel housing 36 is lined on the inside with a thermal insulation layer 38, which is made of a high-temperature-resistant insulation material, e.g. Graphite felt exists.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Control Of High-Frequency Heating Circuits (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19700141 | 1997-01-04 | ||
| DE19700141A DE19700141A1 (de) | 1997-01-04 | 1997-01-04 | Brennofen für die Hochtemperaturbehandlung von Materialien mit niedrigem dielektrischem Verlustfaktor |
| PCT/EP1998/000003 WO1998030068A1 (de) | 1997-01-04 | 1998-01-02 | Brennofen für die hochtemperaturbehandlung von materialien mit niedrigem dielektrischem verlustfaktor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0950341A1 true EP0950341A1 (de) | 1999-10-20 |
| EP0950341B1 EP0950341B1 (de) | 2002-12-18 |
Family
ID=7816825
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98904027A Expired - Lifetime EP0950341B1 (de) | 1997-01-04 | 1998-01-02 | Brennofen für die hochtemperaturbehandlung von materialien mit niedrigem dielektrischem verlustfaktor |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6163020A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0950341B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE230199T1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU6206798A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2276469C (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19700141A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1998030068A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (35)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU8027800A (en) | 1999-10-18 | 2001-04-30 | Penn State Research Foundation, The | Microwave processing in pure h fields and pure e fields |
| CN1178553C (zh) | 1999-12-28 | 2004-12-01 | 康宁股份有限公司 | 煅烧陶瓷的混合方法 |
| US6344635B2 (en) | 1999-12-28 | 2002-02-05 | Corning Incorporated | Hybrid method for firing of ceramics |
| JP2002054634A (ja) * | 2000-08-07 | 2002-02-20 | Nippon Steel Corp | 静圧気体軸受 |
| CN1488234A (zh) * | 2000-12-29 | 2004-04-07 | 康宁股份有限公司 | 用于加工陶瓷制品的设备和方法 |
| DE10329411B4 (de) * | 2003-07-01 | 2006-01-19 | Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Mikrowellenresonator, eine aus einem solchen Mikrowellenresonator modular aufgebaute Prozessstraße, ein Verfahren zum Betreiben und nach diesem Verfahren thermisch prozessierte Gegenstände/Werkstücke mittels Mikrowelle |
| US9220576B2 (en) | 2003-08-07 | 2015-12-29 | Ivoclar Vivadent Ag | Machining of ceramic materials |
| US8444756B2 (en) | 2003-08-07 | 2013-05-21 | Ivoclar Vivadent Ag | Lithium silicate materials |
| JP4005049B2 (ja) * | 2004-04-16 | 2007-11-07 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | マイクロ波焼成炉 |
| DK1688398T3 (da) | 2005-02-08 | 2014-07-21 | Ivoclar Vivadent Ag | Lithiumsilikat-glaskeramik |
| KR100645948B1 (ko) | 2005-05-17 | 2006-11-14 | 신승도 | 정밀 온도 제어가 가능한 마이크로파 소결로 |
| EP2182881A4 (de) * | 2007-08-09 | 2012-04-04 | Byung Kwan Kim | Mikrowellen-sinterofen und verfahren zum sintern eines künstlichen zahns damit |
| EP2101547B1 (de) * | 2008-03-11 | 2014-03-05 | Vita Zahnfabrik H. Rauter GmbH & Co. KG | Dental-Sinterofen sowie Verfahren zum Sintern keramischer Dental-Elemente |
| DE102008015483B4 (de) * | 2008-03-25 | 2018-10-11 | Ivoclar Vivadent Ag | Ofen zur thermischen Behandlung eines dentalen Brennobjektes |
| DK2377830T3 (en) | 2010-04-16 | 2016-07-18 | Ivoclar Vivadent Ag | Lithium silicate glass ceramics and glass with transition metal. |
| US8865606B2 (en) | 2010-04-16 | 2014-10-21 | Ivoclar Vivadent Ag | Process for the preparation of dental restorations |
| CA2851408C (en) | 2011-10-14 | 2017-08-01 | Ivoclar Vivadent Ag | Lithium silicate glass ceramic and glass with tetravalent metal oxide |
| RU2648447C2 (ru) | 2011-10-14 | 2018-03-26 | Ивоклар Вивадент Аг | Литиево-силикатные стеклокерамика и стекло с оксидом пятивалентного металла |
| DK2765977T3 (en) | 2011-10-14 | 2016-03-07 | Ivoclar Vivadent Ag | Lithium silicate glass-ceramic and glass WITH MONOVALENT metal oxide |
| US9232989B2 (en) | 2011-10-14 | 2016-01-12 | Ivoclar Vivadent Ag | Lithium silicate glass ceramic and lithium silicate glass comprising a divalent metal oxide |
| HUE027870T2 (en) | 2011-10-14 | 2016-11-28 | Ivoclar Vivadent Ag | Lithium silicate glass ceramic and lithium silicate glass containing hexavalent metal oxide |
| DE112012004279A5 (de) | 2011-10-14 | 2014-08-28 | Ivoclar Vivadent Ag | Lithiumsilikat-Glaskeramik und -Glas mit dreiwertigem Metalloxid |
| JP5977442B2 (ja) | 2012-05-04 | 2016-08-24 | イフォクレール ヴィヴァデント アクチェンゲゼルシャフトIvoclar Vivadent AG | 二ケイ酸リチウムアパタイトガラスセラミック |
| KR20170007536A (ko) | 2012-05-11 | 2017-01-18 | 이보클라 비바덴트 아게 | 치과용 예비-소결된 블랭크 |
| IN2014DN09497A (de) | 2012-05-11 | 2015-07-17 | Ivoclar Vivadent Ag | |
| EP2765119B1 (de) | 2013-02-12 | 2021-07-28 | Ivoclar Vivadent AG | Rohling für dentale Zwecke |
| EP2792649B1 (de) | 2013-04-15 | 2019-11-27 | Ivoclar Vivadent AG | Lithiumsilikat-Glaskeramik und -Glas mit Gehalt an Rubidiumoxid |
| US20150289323A1 (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2015-10-08 | Btu International, Inc. | Thermal reactor |
| EP2944619B1 (de) | 2014-05-13 | 2023-08-09 | Ivoclar Vivadent AG | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Lithiumsilikatgläsern und Lithiumsilikat-Glaskeramiken |
| EP3050856B1 (de) | 2015-01-30 | 2019-05-29 | Ivoclar Vivadent AG | Lithiumsilikat-Diopsid-Glaskeramik |
| WO2016156275A1 (fr) * | 2015-03-27 | 2016-10-06 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Procédé de traitement thermique de revêtement de surface sur une pièce métallique par micro-ondes |
| DE102015218439A1 (de) | 2015-09-25 | 2017-03-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | In seinen Ummagnetisierungsverlusten reduziertes Teil und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
| KR101781477B1 (ko) * | 2016-09-19 | 2017-10-23 | 유한회사 에스피앤파트너스 | 전자 레인지 및 그의 방사 모듈 |
| WO2018200549A1 (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2018-11-01 | Desktop Metal, Inc. | Microwave furnace for thermal processing |
| US11766718B2 (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2023-09-26 | Desktop Metal, Inc. | Compound furnace |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1070311B (de) * | 1957-07-27 | 1959-12-03 | ||
| US4160145A (en) * | 1978-02-16 | 1979-07-03 | Armstrong Cork Company | Microwave applicator device |
| US4307277A (en) * | 1978-08-03 | 1981-12-22 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Microwave heating oven |
| FR2571201B1 (fr) * | 1984-10-02 | 1987-01-02 | Valeo | Procede de chauffage dans la masse d'une substance par exemple en vue d'une vulcanisation ou d'une polymerisation |
| US4963709A (en) * | 1987-07-24 | 1990-10-16 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Energy | Method and device for microwave sintering large ceramic articles |
| DE4037091C2 (de) * | 1990-11-22 | 1996-06-20 | Leybold Ag | Vorrichtung für die Erzeugung eines homogenen Mikrowellenfeldes |
| US5191183A (en) * | 1991-02-21 | 1993-03-02 | Ontario Hydro | Apparatus for processing ceramics using microwave oven with resistance heating unit |
| DE4200101A1 (de) * | 1992-01-03 | 1993-07-08 | Reinhard Schulze | Verfahren zur mikrowellenbeaufschlagung, insbesondere zum trocknen, von materialien und einrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
| US5449887A (en) * | 1993-03-25 | 1995-09-12 | Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. | Thermal insulation for high temperature microwave sintering operations and method thereof |
| GB2281016A (en) * | 1993-08-10 | 1995-02-15 | Ea Tech Ltd | Microwave-assisted processing of materials |
| DE29512436U1 (de) * | 1995-08-02 | 1995-10-19 | Möbius, Arnold, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen | Vorrichtung zur reflexionsarmen Absorption von Mikrowellen |
| DE19633245C1 (de) * | 1996-08-17 | 1997-11-27 | Karlsruhe Forschzent | Hochmodiger Mikrowellenresonator für die Hochtemperaturbehandlung von Werkstoffen |
-
1997
- 1997-01-04 DE DE19700141A patent/DE19700141A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-01-02 EP EP98904027A patent/EP0950341B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-02 US US09/341,175 patent/US6163020A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-01-02 DE DE59806718T patent/DE59806718D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-01-02 WO PCT/EP1998/000003 patent/WO1998030068A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1998-01-02 CA CA002276469A patent/CA2276469C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-01-02 AT AT98904027T patent/ATE230199T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-01-02 AU AU62067/98A patent/AU6206798A/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9830068A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE230199T1 (de) | 2003-01-15 |
| EP0950341B1 (de) | 2002-12-18 |
| CA2276469A1 (en) | 1998-07-09 |
| AU6206798A (en) | 1998-07-31 |
| US6163020A (en) | 2000-12-19 |
| DE59806718D1 (de) | 2003-01-30 |
| DE19700141A1 (de) | 1998-07-09 |
| WO1998030068A1 (de) | 1998-07-09 |
| CA2276469C (en) | 2002-04-16 |
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