EP0960079A1 - Procede de fabrication de corps composites ceramique-metal, corps composites ceramique-metal et leur utilisation - Google Patents

Procede de fabrication de corps composites ceramique-metal, corps composites ceramique-metal et leur utilisation

Info

Publication number
EP0960079A1
EP0960079A1 EP98910632A EP98910632A EP0960079A1 EP 0960079 A1 EP0960079 A1 EP 0960079A1 EP 98910632 A EP98910632 A EP 98910632A EP 98910632 A EP98910632 A EP 98910632A EP 0960079 A1 EP0960079 A1 EP 0960079A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ceramic
metal composite
green body
composite body
reaction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98910632A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Tilmann Haug
Steffen Rauscher
Michael Schleydecker
Karl Weisskopf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mercedes Benz Group AG
Original Assignee
DaimlerChrysler AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DaimlerChrysler AG filed Critical DaimlerChrysler AG
Publication of EP0960079A1 publication Critical patent/EP0960079A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
    • C04B35/65—Reaction sintering of free metal- or free silicon-containing compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/51—Metallising, e.g. infiltration of sintered ceramic preforms with molten metal
    • C04B41/515—Other specific metals
    • C04B41/5155—Aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
    • C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/88—Metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • C22C1/051—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00362—Friction materials, e.g. used as brake linings, anti-skid materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249955—Void-containing component partially impregnated with adjacent component
    • Y10T428/249956—Void-containing component is inorganic
    • Y10T428/249957—Inorganic impregnant
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
    • Y10T428/24999—Inorganic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
    • Y10T428/252—Glass or ceramic [i.e., fired or glazed clay, cement, etc.] [porcelain, quartz, etc.]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing ceramic-metal composite bodies, ceramic-metal composite bodies and their use.
  • M Cs metal matrix composites
  • This material class focuses on a lower density, which means that components with a lower weight can be realized. However, this material reaches its thermal limits at approx. 450 ° C because aluminum as the base material softens very quickly and loses its mechanical strength.
  • the lowest specific weight of all potential brake materials is the carbon fiber reinforced carbon (C / C). These materials have been used successfully in racing for a long time. Their main disadvantage is their high wear, which would make them unprofitable for large-scale applications. In addition, C / Cs have a low thermal conductivity and heat capacity, which leads to them heating up strongly during the braking process.
  • the US-A-5, 535, 857 claims the production of a metal-ceramic brake disc via the infiltration of a porous SiC pre-body.
  • the SiC powder is pressed into the required shape and pre-sintered, so that open pore channels remain.
  • the porous disc is now infiltrated with an aluminum alloy, creating a metal-reinforced ceramic matrix.
  • the metal does not react with the matrix during infiltration, so that the temperature resistance of the material depends on the reinforcement matrix. In the case of aluminum infiltration, this means that the limit of use of the material is 400 ° C.
  • SHS reaction Seif propagating high temperature perature synthesis means the ignition of a reactive mixture, whereby the reaction maintains itself and provides the desired ceramic matrix as reaction products).
  • Lanxide Technology also claims a number of materials made via metal infiltration (e.g. EP-B-0 368 785, EP-B-0 368 784). These patents essentially claim new process steps, e.g. the directed oxidation of the ceramic preform.
  • the procedure presented here differs from the existing procedures mainly in that the in- filtration with aluminum, a reaction takes place that produces a high-temperature-resistant aluminum alloy.
  • the ceramic preform is also produced by a reaction synthesis, as a result of which the functional composition of the later material composition can be controlled.
  • the material of this invention has a density of 3.4 g / cm 3 , which density is slightly higher than that of the MMCs, but is only 42% of the density of the cast iron. Due to the high temperature-resistant phases of the TiAl, its area of application should reach up to 800 ° C, whereby the values for gray cast iron are likely to be significantly exceeded.
  • Another important advantage of this material is the low cost level of both the raw materials and the process technology.
  • the material and the process have the potential that the unit price could be close to cast disks in a large-scale production.
  • the reactive starting materials are weighed in powder form in the stoichiometric ratios previously calculated and roughly mixed in a glass flask.
  • a binder polypropylene carbonate
  • acetone is then added to the powder mixture.
  • This slip is mixed thoroughly in a rotary evaporator and dried at the same time.
  • the dried material consists of large, hard agglomerates, which in turn have to be crushed in a centrifugal mill.
  • the powder thus obtained is pressed uniaxially in a round mold (mold diameter 60 mm, 100 mm, 330 mm).
  • the decisive process step now lies in the annealing treatment of this ceramic matrix.
  • the temperature treatment is in a range between 1100 ° C and 1400 ° C, with a temperature temperature program that does justice to the reaction mechanisms in its ramps and holding times.
  • a graphite-heated cold-wall reactor under vacuum is usually used as the heating.
  • porous ceramic preforms obtained in this way are then infiltrated in the same system at 1100 ° C. under vacuum in an aluminum oxide crucible with liquid aluminum.
  • the infiltration is self-sustaining and depends on the wetting between the melt and the ceramic matrix. This in turn defines a temperature and time window for the infiltration process.
  • the first step is a solid-solid reaction and the second step is a solid-liquid reaction.
  • the reactions used here are called exchange reactions (AR) and correspond to the chemical term of the redox reaction.
  • a ceramic compound reacts with a metal, creating a new ceramic compound and releasing another metal.
  • An example of this is the reaction between aluminum and titanium oxide, which looks like this:
  • the concrete advantage of this example is that a low-melting, inexpensive metal (aluminum) with a high-melting, expensive metal (Ti) is implemented.
  • the situation is similar with the occurring ceramic components, here too a low-value substance is converted into a higher-value substance.
  • the first reaction step involves the matrix annealing described above.
  • the pressed ceramic green body which consists of a stoichiometric mixture of B 4 C / 3 Ti and 2 TiC> 2, is subjected to a temperature treatment in which essentially the following reaction takes place:
  • the exchange reaction between B 4 C and Ti plays a central role in this process and was selected because the reaction products TiB 2 and TiC promise good rubbing properties. In the context of the present invention, the reaction was successfully controlled by a sophisticated temperature program .
  • the green body composition can be varied on the one hand, and on the other hand you can influence the reaction with the help of a suitable temperature program.
  • the ceramic preform After the first reaction step, the ceramic preform has almost the same composition, only the porosity changes. With this method it is possible to precisely specify the functional ceramic components and thus to set certain material properties, such as the coefficient of friction.
  • the second exchange reaction is carried out in the form of a reaction infiltration.
  • the porous ceramic body is placed in an aluminum powder bath and heated under vacuum to a temperature above 1000 ° C.
  • the aluminum melts and is sucked up by the ceramic body at a certain temperature.
  • This infiltration process there is a reaction between Al and Ti2Ü3, which depending on the composition obeys the following equation:
  • a powder mixture with the stoichiometric composition B 4 C / 3 Ti / 2 TiC> 2 is mixed with a binder (polypropylene carbonate) and pressed uniaxially into a round disc. This disc is then annealed in a graphite-heated cold wall reactor under vacuum between 1200 ° C and 1400 ° C for 30 min.
  • the resulting ceramic body has the stoichiometric composition 2 TiB 2 / TiC / Ti2C> 3 and has a porosity of 55%.
  • the infiltration with powdered AI takes place in the same oven at 1100 ° C also under vacuum for 1.5 h.
  • the resulting metal-ceramic composite body consists of approx. 20 vol.% TiB 2 10% TiC, 15% A1 2 0 3 , 45% Al 3 Ti and 10% Al.
  • Example 3 A powder mixture with the stoichiometric composition 2 TiB2 / TiC / 2 Ti ⁇ 2 is processed and annealed under the same conditions as in Example 1.
  • the ceramic preform also has the composition as in Example 1, but has a porosity of 45%. After infiltration with aluminum, the composite material has a metallic proportion of approximately 52% Al 3 Ti and 3% Al, the ceramic components remaining as in Example 1.
  • Example 3 A powder mixture with the stoichiometric composition 2 TiB2 / TiC / 2 Ti ⁇ 2 is processed and annealed under the same conditions as in Example 1.
  • the ceramic preform also has the composition as in Example 1, but has a porosity of 45%. After infiltration with aluminum, the composite material has a metallic proportion of approximately 52% Al 3 Ti and 3% Al, the ceramic components remaining as in Example 1.
  • Example 3 Example 3:
  • a powder mixture of TiO 2 / C is annealed under low N 2 partial pressure ( ⁇ 1 mbar) at 1800 ° C, whereby a powder of the compound TiCxNy is formed (x, y depending on the N2 partial pressure).
  • the powder is mixed with TiO 2 in a ratio of 3: 2 and as in Example 1 processed.
  • the resulting material has only TiC x Ny and Al in the ceramic phase, the metallic phase is identical to that in Example 1.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant le développement d'un matériau composite céramique-métal résistant à l'usure et aux températures élevées. A cet effet, on produit un corps céramique poreux via un procédé réalisé sur la base d'une réaction chimique appropriée. Ce corps en céramique renferme les constituants fonctionnels déterminants pour la résistance à l'usure, tout en ne possédant de lui-même qu'une faible résistance mécanique. Par introduction dans un métal liquide, avec réaction subséquente avec ce métal, ce corps est transformé en un matériau composite céramique-métal homogène et dense. L'invention a trouvé sa raison d'être du fait qu'on cherchait à mettre au point un nouveau matériau, en particulier pour les freins. Les propriétés que présente ce matériau ont permis d'envisager en même temps son application dans tous les domaines où interviennent des températures élevées et une usure élevée.
EP98910632A 1997-02-20 1998-02-09 Procede de fabrication de corps composites ceramique-metal, corps composites ceramique-metal et leur utilisation Withdrawn EP0960079A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19706926A DE19706926C2 (de) 1997-02-20 1997-02-20 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Keramik-Metall-Verbundkörpern
DE19706926 1997-03-03
PCT/EP1998/000681 WO1998037034A1 (fr) 1997-02-20 1998-02-09 Procede de fabrication de corps composites ceramique-metal, corps composites ceramique-metal et leur utilisation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0960079A1 true EP0960079A1 (fr) 1999-12-01

Family

ID=7821066

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98910632A Withdrawn EP0960079A1 (fr) 1997-02-20 1998-02-09 Procede de fabrication de corps composites ceramique-metal, corps composites ceramique-metal et leur utilisation

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6271162B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0960079A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2000510091A (fr)
KR (1) KR20000071110A (fr)
BR (1) BR9807714A (fr)
DE (1) DE19706926C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998037034A1 (fr)

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EP3063314B1 (fr) * 2013-10-30 2023-06-14 Apple Inc. Procédés pour produire des films d'oxyde métallique d'aspect blanc par positionnement de particules réfléchissantes avant ou pendant des processus d'anodisation
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6271162B1 (en) 2001-08-07
WO1998037034A1 (fr) 1998-08-27
KR20000071110A (ko) 2000-11-25
BR9807714A (pt) 2000-02-15
JP2000510091A (ja) 2000-08-08
DE19706926C2 (de) 2002-08-29
DE19706926A1 (de) 1998-08-27

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