EP0966992A1 - Planche de glisse sur neige - Google Patents
Planche de glisse sur neige Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0966992A1 EP0966992A1 EP99420145A EP99420145A EP0966992A1 EP 0966992 A1 EP0966992 A1 EP 0966992A1 EP 99420145 A EP99420145 A EP 99420145A EP 99420145 A EP99420145 A EP 99420145A EP 0966992 A1 EP0966992 A1 EP 0966992A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- damping element
- board
- damping
- longitudinal
- snowboard
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003190 viscoelastic substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
- A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
- A63C5/06—Skis or snowboards with special devices thereon, e.g. steering devices
- A63C5/075—Vibration dampers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a board for sliding on snow, this board can be made up of skiing, surfing, a monoski, the ski considered being able to be of alpine ski, nordic ski type or cross-country skiing.
- This gliding board is of the type comprising a set lower composed of a sole possibly bordered by edges metallic and possibly associated with a lower reinforcing layer, a central core possibly associated with reinforcing elements, and an upper shell forming a shell, composed of a wall upper extended laterally by side walls whose edges lower are supported on two longitudinal reinforcing elements themselves resting on the lower assembly, the upper envelope being possibly associated, on its internal face, with a reinforcing layer, this board being further equipped with at least one damping element vibrations.
- Such a gliding board is illustrated, in the case of a ski, in document FR 2 683 734, in the name of the Applicant.
- a gliding board When traveling on snow, a gliding board is subjected to vibrations generated by successive shocks against uneven ground on which it moves. These vibrations harm the stability of the board, its attachment to the snow, as well as its good glide, and are a source of discomfort for the user.
- the documents FR 2 611 518 and 2 615 405 each concern a ski of the type of gliding board according to the invention, that is to say having a shell-like upper shell, the edges of which lower support on the lower assembly.
- the ski includes a central core delimiting, with the envelope upper, lateral volumes used for housing over the entire length or almost the entire length of the ski of visco-elastic material having a damping function.
- amortization makes the fairly inert ski due to excess damping.
- Document FR 2 618 344 describes a cross-section ski rectangular, that is to say comprising a lower assembly, a wall upper and side edges defining a volume filled with a core. Transversal holes crossing a edge and extending over part of the width of the core are provided in the ski, these holes being filled with a damping material.
- Document FR 2 599 636 relates to a ski comprising a core, in which recesses are provided containing elements depreciation. These damping elements can extend up to through the songs of skiing.
- the object of the invention is to provide a board for gliding on snow, of the aforementioned type, which provides selective filtering of vibrations which are transmitted between a lower edge of the board in contact with the snow, and the upper face of the board, on which are fixed the feet of the user, depending on the type of board in question. Indeed, it is to dampen only the parasitic vibrations, because an excess vibration dampening would not result in a lack of liveliness of the ski.
- the snowboard that it concerns includes at least one vibration damping element which is located on one side of the board and visibly opens on this side, and is located in the area between a lower edge of the envelope upper and lower assembly, this damping element constituting a direct barrier to vibrations propagating between the lower edge of the board in contact with snow and the top wall of the board on which are fixed the feet of the user.
- the board When using a snowboard, the board fits on an internal lower edge when executing a turn.
- a damping element is arranged between a lower edge of the upper envelope and a longitudinal reinforcing element.
- the envelope upper comprises, at the level of a damping element, a boss upwards, delimiting a recess intended for housing at least partially of this damping element.
- each element longitudinal reinforcement comprises, at the level of an element shock absorber, a recess facing upwards and opening into one side of the board, intended for at least partial housing of this element damper.
- a damping element can be accommodated, to part, in a recess in the upper envelope and, for part, in a recess in a reinforcing element and opening into the upper face thereof.
- a damping element is arranged between a lower edge of an element longitudinal reinforcement and the lower assembly, this element longitudinal reinforcement comprising a recess opening into its underside and on one side of the board, intended for housing the damping element.
- a damping element is arranged inside an element longitudinal reinforcement, in a slit completely crossing the width of the element.
- each damping element has a length of between 50 and 300 mm.
- each damping element has a thickness which varies over the length thereof.
- the thickness of each damping element is maximum in the central part of it and decreases towards its ends.
- each damping element is locally equal to at least 2 mm, on much of the length of the element.
- each vibration damping element is located in a belly of vibration.
- the board according to the invention advantageously includes vibration damping elements on both sides.
- the vibration damping elements arranged on both sides of the board can be symmetrical about the median plane longitudinal thereof, or asymmetrical with respect to the median plane longitudinal of this one, this asymmetry resulting from their positioning and / or their natures and / or their forms or respective dimensions.
- each damping element is centered on one of the following two zones located at respective distances between 10 and 20%, and 70 and 90% of the bearing length of the board, starting from its heel.
- a damping element centered in a area located at a distance between 75 and 80%, and preferably 77%, of the bearing length of the board, from its heel.
- the material of the damping elements is chosen from rubber, polyurethane, EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Monomeric Diene), ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) or other derivatives styrenic.
- the ski represented in FIGS. 1, 2 and 6 comprises an assembly lower consisting of a sole 2 bordered by two metal edges 3 longitudinal, and associated with a metal reinforcing strip 4.
- a core central 5 in synthetic foam rests on the assembly inferior.
- This ski also has an upper casing 6 forming a shell constituted by an upper wall 7, extended laterally by side walls 8, the lower edges 9 of which are slightly turned outwards are supported on most of them, on two longitudinal reinforcing elements 10, themselves supported on the edges 3.
- the upper envelope 6 is associated, on its inner face, with a reinforcing layer 12 constituted, for example, by an impregnated fabric resin.
- this ski is equipped with four damping elements, arranged two by two so symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal median plane of the ski.
- These elements shock absorbers made of visco-elastic material, have a length between 50 and 300 mm, and are each centered on one of the two following areas located at respective distances between 10 and 20%, and 70 and 90% of the carrying length of the ski from its heel.
- each damping element 13 is disposed between a lower edge 9 of the upper envelope 6, and a longitudinal reinforcing element 10.
- the upper envelope comprises, at the level of a damping element 13, an upward boss 14, delimiting a recess 15, intended for the housing of this damping element.
- the element shock absorber has a height that varies over its length, this height being maximum in the central part of the element and decreasing towards its ends.
- the thickness of each damping element is at least 2mm across most of its length.
- the damping element 13 is always disposed between a lower edge 9 of the upper envelope 6, and a reinforcing element 10.
- the reinforcing element has a recess 16 open at the top, and opening into one side of the board, intended for housing the damping element.
- the damping element is arranged between a lower edge of an element longitudinal reinforcement 10, and a metal edge 3 of the ski.
- the longitudinal element reinforcement 10 has a recess 17 open at the bottom and opening laterally into one side of the board.
- a damping element 13 is arranged inside a longitudinal element reinforcement 10, while opening into one side of the board.
- the damping element is housed in a slot 18 formed in the longitudinal element 10, over the entire width thereof.
- FIG 10 shows, in exploded view, an embodiment identical to that shown in Figures 3 and 7, but in which the metal reinforcement 4 is replaced by a fabric 19 impregnated with resin forming a lower reinforcement, which rests on the upper face of the sole 2 and the edges 3.
- the invention is not limited only to embodiments of this gliding board, described above as example in the context of alpine skiing, on the contrary it embraces all execution variants.
- This is how the number and the position of the damping elements could be different, than these could be arranged asymmetrically on both sides of the ski, that the shape or dimensions of the shock absorbers could vary or that the damping element could be housed in the thickness of a longitudinal reinforcing element consisting of two superimposed parts with two opposite recesses for delimit a housing for this damping element.
Landscapes
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
- Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (17)
- Planche de glisse sur neige, du type comportant un ensemble inférieur composé d'une semelle (2) éventuellement bordée de carres métalliques (3) et éventuellement associée à une couche de renfort inférieure (4, 19), un noyau central (5) éventuellement associé à des éléments de renfort, et une enveloppe supérieure (6) formant une coque, composée d'une paroi supérieure (7) prolongée latéralement par des parois latérales (8) dont les bords inférieurs (9) sont en appui sur deux éléments longitudinaux de renforcement (10) eux-mêmes en appui sur l'ensemble inférieur, l'enveloppe supérieure (6) étant éventuellement associée, sur sa face interne, à une couche de renfort (12), cette planche étant en outre équipée d'au moins un élément amortisseur de vibrations, caractérisée en ce que cet élément amortisseur (13) est localisé sur un côté de la planche et débouche de façon visible sur ce côté, et est situé dans la zone comprise entre un bord inférieur (9) de l'enveloppe supérieure (6) et l'ensemble inférieur (2, 3, 4), cet élément amortisseur constituant une barrière directe aux vibrations se propageant entre l'arête inférieure de la planche en contact avec la neige et la paroi supérieure de la planche sur laquelle sont fixés les pieds de l'utilisateur.
- Planche de glisse selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'un élément amortisseur (13) est disposé entre un bord inférieur (9) de l'enveloppe supérieure (6) et un élément longitudinal de renforcement (10).
- Planche de glisse selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que l'enveloppe supérieure (6) comporte, au niveau d'un élément amortisseur (13), un bossage vers le haut (14), délimitant un évidement (15) destiné au logement au moins partiel de cet élément amortisseur (13).
- Planche de glisse selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que chaque élément longitudinal de renforcement (10) comporte, au niveau d'un élément amortisseur (13), un évidement (16) tourné vers le haut et débouchant dans un côté de la planche, destiné au logement au moins partiel de cet élément amortisseur (13).
- Planche de glisse selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'un élément amortisseur (13) est disposé entre un bord inférieur d'un élément longitudinal de renforcement (10) et l'ensemble inférieur (23), cet élément longitudinal de renforcement (10) comportant un évidement (17) débouchant dans sa face inférieure et sur un côté de la planche, destiné au logement de l'élément amortisseur (13).
- Planche de glisse selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'un élément amortisseur (13) est disposé à l'intérieur d'un élément longitudinal de renforcement (10), dans une fente (18) traversant en totalité la largeur de l'élément (10).
- Planche de glisse selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que chaque élément amortisseur (13) possède une longueur comprise entre 50 et 300 mm.
- Planche de glisse selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que chaque élément amortisseur (13) possède une épaisseur qui varie sur la longueur de celui-ci.
- Planche de glisse selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que l'épaisseur de chaque élément amortisseur (13) est maximale dans la partie centrale de celui-ci et décroít en direction de ses extrémités.
- Planche de glisse selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce que l'épaisseur de chaque élément amortisseur (13) est égale à au moins 2 mm, sur une grande partie de la longueur de l'élément (13).
- Planche de glisse selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisée en ce que chaque élément amortisseur de vibrations (13) est localisé dans un ventre de vibration.
- Planche de glisse selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte des éléments amortisseurs de vibrations (13) sur ses deux côtés.
- Planche de glisse selon la revendication 12, caractérisée en ce que les éléments amortisseurs de vibrations (13) disposés des deux côtés de la planche sont symétriques par rapport au plan médian longitudinal de celle-ci.
- Planche de glisse selon la revendication 12, caractérisée en ce que les éléments amortisseurs de vibrations disposés des deux côtés de la planche sont dissymétriques par rapport au plan médian longitudinal de celle-ci, cette dissymétrie résultant de leurs positionnements et/ou de leurs natures et/ou de leurs formes ou dimensions respectifs.
- Planche de glisse selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisée en ce que chaque élément amortisseur (13) est centré sur l'une des deux zones suivantes situées à des distances respectives comprises entre 10 et 20 %, et 70 et 90 % de la longueur portante de la planche, à partir de son talon.
- Planche de glisse selon la revendication 15, caractérisée en ce qu'un élément amortisseur (13) est centré dans une zone située à une distance comprise entre 75 et 80 %, et de préférence 77 %, de la longueur portante de la planche, à partir de son talon.
- Planche de glisse selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 16, caractérisée en ce que le matériau constitutif des éléments amortisseurs est choisi parmi les caoutchouc, polyuréthanne, EPDM (Ethylène Propylène Diène Monomère), ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiène Styrène) ou autres dérivés styréniques.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9808259 | 1998-06-25 | ||
| FR9808259A FR2780294B1 (fr) | 1998-06-25 | 1998-06-25 | Planche de glisse sur neige |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0966992A1 true EP0966992A1 (fr) | 1999-12-29 |
| EP0966992B1 EP0966992B1 (fr) | 2004-12-15 |
Family
ID=9528013
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99420145A Expired - Lifetime EP0966992B1 (fr) | 1998-06-25 | 1999-06-25 | Planche de glisse sur neige |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6237932B1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0966992B1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE284740T1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69922586T2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2780294B1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1430936A1 (fr) * | 2002-12-19 | 2004-06-23 | Salomon S.A. | Planche de glisse ou de roulage |
| EP2266672A1 (fr) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-12-29 | Salomon S.A.S. | Planche de glisse |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6383251B1 (en) * | 1997-08-22 | 2002-05-07 | William Lyon Sherwood | Direct iron and steelmaking |
| DE19917992A1 (de) * | 1999-04-21 | 2000-11-02 | Uwe Emig | Alpinski |
| WO2002028491A1 (fr) * | 2000-10-06 | 2002-04-11 | Volant Sports, Llc | Ski et son procede de fabrication |
| FR2820984B1 (fr) | 2001-02-20 | 2003-06-06 | Rossignol Sa | Plateforme de rehaussement de la fixation d'une planche de glisse, et planche de glisse equipee d'une telle plateforme |
| FR2820983B1 (fr) * | 2001-02-20 | 2004-04-16 | Rossignol Sa | Planche de glisse |
| FR2820982B1 (fr) | 2001-02-20 | 2003-03-28 | Rossignol Sa | Planche de glisse |
| FR2820981B1 (fr) * | 2001-02-22 | 2003-03-28 | Rossignol Sa | Procede pour realiser une planche de glisse sur neige, renfort et planche de glisse sur neige comprenant un tel renfort |
| JP4216604B2 (ja) * | 2001-03-07 | 2009-01-28 | リキッドメタル テクノロジーズ,インコーポレイティド | 非晶質合金滑走ボード |
| FR2827786B1 (fr) * | 2001-07-27 | 2003-09-12 | Rossignol Sa | Ski alpin |
| WO2003063974A1 (fr) * | 2002-02-01 | 2003-08-07 | Elan, D.D. | Ski ou planche a neige incorporant des elements pour predeterminer des proprietes |
| FR2863582A1 (fr) * | 2003-12-10 | 2005-06-17 | Salomon Sa | Procede de fabrication d'une planche de glisse et planche obtenue par un tel procede |
| FR2891751B1 (fr) * | 2005-10-11 | 2008-06-06 | Salomon Sa | Planche de glisse ou de roulage |
| US20080100035A1 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2008-05-01 | Schultz Mary A | Hydroplaning skis for use on wet ground surfaces |
| US8556289B2 (en) | 2011-01-19 | 2013-10-15 | Flow Sports, Inc. | Sports board having deformable base feature |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3901522A (en) * | 1973-07-18 | 1975-08-26 | Olin Corp | Vibration damped ski |
| EP0188985A1 (fr) | 1984-12-27 | 1986-07-30 | Skis Rossignol S.A. | Ski de neige |
| FR2599636A1 (fr) | 1986-05-27 | 1987-12-11 | Rohrmoser Alois Skifabrik | Ski |
| FR2611518A1 (fr) | 1987-02-27 | 1988-09-09 | Salomon Sa | Ski a amortissement reparti |
| FR2615405A1 (fr) | 1987-05-22 | 1988-11-25 | Salomon Sa | Ski a amortissement reparti |
| FR2618344A1 (fr) | 1987-07-23 | 1989-01-27 | Rohrmoser Alois Skifabrik | Procede de fabrication de skis presentant differents amortissements d'oscillations et skis fabriques selon ce procede |
| EP0367964A1 (fr) * | 1988-11-07 | 1990-05-16 | Salomon S.A. | Ski muni de masses d'inertie avant |
| FR2648721A1 (fr) * | 1989-06-26 | 1990-12-28 | Rohrmoser Alois Skifabrik | Ski comprenant une bande stratifiee integree dans la bande superieure |
| FR2683734A1 (fr) | 1991-11-19 | 1993-05-21 | Rossignol Sa | Ski en forme, de section non rectangulaire. |
| US5232241A (en) * | 1992-02-24 | 1993-08-03 | K-2 Corporation | Snow ski with integral binding isolation mounting plate |
| DE4402669A1 (de) * | 1994-01-29 | 1995-08-03 | Franz Voelkl Gmbh & Co Ski Ten | Ski |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2703915B1 (fr) * | 1993-04-16 | 1995-06-02 | Rossignol Sa | Ski comportant des chants et une coque supérieure. |
-
1998
- 1998-06-25 FR FR9808259A patent/FR2780294B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-06-07 US US09/326,675 patent/US6237932B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-25 AT AT99420145T patent/ATE284740T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-06-25 EP EP99420145A patent/EP0966992B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-25 DE DE69922586T patent/DE69922586T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3901522A (en) * | 1973-07-18 | 1975-08-26 | Olin Corp | Vibration damped ski |
| EP0188985A1 (fr) | 1984-12-27 | 1986-07-30 | Skis Rossignol S.A. | Ski de neige |
| FR2599636A1 (fr) | 1986-05-27 | 1987-12-11 | Rohrmoser Alois Skifabrik | Ski |
| FR2611518A1 (fr) | 1987-02-27 | 1988-09-09 | Salomon Sa | Ski a amortissement reparti |
| FR2615405A1 (fr) | 1987-05-22 | 1988-11-25 | Salomon Sa | Ski a amortissement reparti |
| FR2618344A1 (fr) | 1987-07-23 | 1989-01-27 | Rohrmoser Alois Skifabrik | Procede de fabrication de skis presentant differents amortissements d'oscillations et skis fabriques selon ce procede |
| EP0367964A1 (fr) * | 1988-11-07 | 1990-05-16 | Salomon S.A. | Ski muni de masses d'inertie avant |
| FR2648721A1 (fr) * | 1989-06-26 | 1990-12-28 | Rohrmoser Alois Skifabrik | Ski comprenant une bande stratifiee integree dans la bande superieure |
| FR2683734A1 (fr) | 1991-11-19 | 1993-05-21 | Rossignol Sa | Ski en forme, de section non rectangulaire. |
| US5232241A (en) * | 1992-02-24 | 1993-08-03 | K-2 Corporation | Snow ski with integral binding isolation mounting plate |
| DE4402669A1 (de) * | 1994-01-29 | 1995-08-03 | Franz Voelkl Gmbh & Co Ski Ten | Ski |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1430936A1 (fr) * | 2002-12-19 | 2004-06-23 | Salomon S.A. | Planche de glisse ou de roulage |
| FR2848868A1 (fr) * | 2002-12-19 | 2004-06-25 | Salomon Sa | Planche de glisse ou de roulage |
| US7275755B2 (en) | 2002-12-19 | 2007-10-02 | Salomon S.A. | Gliding or rolling board |
| EP2266672A1 (fr) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-12-29 | Salomon S.A.S. | Planche de glisse |
| FR2947182A1 (fr) * | 2009-06-26 | 2010-12-31 | Salomon Sas | Planche de glisse |
| US8240697B2 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2012-08-14 | Salomon S.A.S. | Gliding board |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2780294A1 (fr) | 1999-12-31 |
| FR2780294B1 (fr) | 2000-08-11 |
| US6237932B1 (en) | 2001-05-29 |
| DE69922586D1 (de) | 2005-01-20 |
| EP0966992B1 (fr) | 2004-12-15 |
| DE69922586T2 (de) | 2005-05-19 |
| ATE284740T1 (de) | 2005-01-15 |
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