EP0979921B1 - Verfahren zum Installieren einer Ölproduktionseinrichtung - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Installieren einer Ölproduktionseinrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0979921B1
EP0979921B1 EP99402018A EP99402018A EP0979921B1 EP 0979921 B1 EP0979921 B1 EP 0979921B1 EP 99402018 A EP99402018 A EP 99402018A EP 99402018 A EP99402018 A EP 99402018A EP 0979921 B1 EP0979921 B1 EP 0979921B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
seabed
riser
point
intervention
free end
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99402018A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0979921A1 (de
Inventor
Pierre-Armand Thomas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technip Energies France SAS
Original Assignee
Technip France SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technip France SAS filed Critical Technip France SAS
Publication of EP0979921A1 publication Critical patent/EP0979921A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0979921B1 publication Critical patent/EP0979921B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/043—Directional drilling for underwater installations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
    • E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
    • E21B33/068—Well heads; Setting-up thereof having provision for introducing objects or fluids into, or removing objects from, wells
    • E21B33/076—Well heads; Setting-up thereof having provision for introducing objects or fluids into, or removing objects from, wells specially adapted for underwater installations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
    • E21B41/10—Guide posts, e.g. releasable; Attaching guide lines to underwater guide bases

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an intervention method in a set separate intervention points spread over the seabed from the free end of the same riser from a semi-submersible platform suitable for the exploitation of a deposit.
  • Semi-submersible platforms are intended for exploitation petroleum in deep seas or oceans (see US-A-4,174,011). They include a shell supported by legs, the lower part of which is connected to a base dig. The base and buoyancy boxes arranged in the legs ensure the buoyancy and stability of the platform. The shell attached to the legs is kept above the sea surface when operating installation.
  • the platform In order to collect the extracted hydrocarbons, the platform is connected to the seabed by several rising columns. These are connected to a set of wells drilled to the right of the platform.
  • These wells are generally distributed around the periphery of a central point for example on a circle having a diameter of about 40m.
  • the platform is equipped with a single column rising drilling. It has an outer tube generally having a diameter of 20 inches (50.8cm) in which organs of drilling such as a drill bit.
  • the wells are distributed around the periphery of a planned storage point on the bottom in the center of the deposit.
  • the storage point is generally defined by the English term "parking slot”. It has a connector installed on the bottom which allows the temporary immobilization of the riser.
  • the wells are drilled one after the other around the storage point.
  • the platform is moved from one borehole to another, so that the upper part of the riser is located substantially at the vertical of the drilling in progress.
  • the displacement of the platform for drilling the various wells is a long and delicate operation, since it is suitable after each drilling to undock the platform, move it, and then re-anchor it right of the chosen intervention point.
  • the object of the invention is to propose an intervention method on the seabed thanks to a riser allowing to realize quickly and easily drilling or operating multiple wells from a single platform.
  • an oil platform is schematically represented self-elevating 10 semi-submersible type. It is arranged in a region of great depth, this being for example equal to 1300 meters.
  • the platform essentially comprises an upper shell 12 extending above the surface M of the sea when the platform is in operating phase.
  • the shell 12 is connected, by four legs 14 provided with buoyancy boxes, with a submerged lower base 16.
  • the upper hull includes technical residential buildings not represented as well than a derrick 18.
  • the shell 12 and the base 16 are both square in shape and have in their center, conduits 20, 22 visible in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • conduits 20, 22 are arranged below the derrick 18 and are adapted for the passage of risers designated by the general reference 24. These risers are adapted as appropriate either for drilling operating wells, ie for the actual exploitation of petroleum.
  • the upper shell 12 includes pinion mechanisms 26 and racks for lowering the legs 14 and hoisting the hull 12 above from the surface of the water.
  • the mechanisms 26 also include locking means legs 14 relative to the shell 12 to ensure a rigid connection of legs on the hull.
  • mooring lines 28 kept under tension are installed between the submerged base 16 and the seabed to immobilize the platform above the deposit.
  • Figure 1 are schematically illustrated successive steps the establishment of an oil well.
  • the installation method of the installation comprises an initial step consisting in mooring the platform 10 in line with the deposit to immobilize it in buoyancy in relation to the seabed noted F.
  • This mooring is carried out as known per se by installation of the mooring lines 28.
  • riser drill 24 While the shell 12 is held above the surface M of the sea, the buoyancy and stability of the platform being ensured by the base 16 and the boxes arranged in the legs, a riser drill 24 is setup.
  • the riser pipe is generally designated by the English term "riser”.
  • This duct is located exactly vertically derrick.
  • the first conduit 30 is drilled and entubed II is equipped with a connector for the free end of the riser pipe 24 in order to establish a storage point thereof.
  • the riser 24 is stored by being connected to the point of storage 30. It is then kept energized by a mechanism adapted installed on the platform.
  • Drill riser 24 in its storage position at point 30 is shown in phantom in Figure 1.
  • the free end of the column 24 is then moved relative to the bottom F, for example in the direction of arrow F1, to be brought to a second point of intervention where a then must be drilled.
  • the floating platform is maintained in place, almost immobile relative to the seabed F.
  • a well noted 32 is installed and drilled.
  • the riser 24 In its second position, where it is used for drilling the well 32, the riser 24 is shown in solid lines in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 2 shows a first method of moving the the free end of the riser 24.
  • three self-propelled submersible vehicles 34,36,38 are deposited on the seabed F, for example via a crane 40 installed on the hull of platform 10. These submersible vehicles 34, 36 and 38 are deposited around the surface occupied by the platform. In Indeed, the shell 10 and the base 16 are devoid of sufficient opening wide to allow the passage of self-propelled vehicles.
  • Vehicles 34, 36 and 38 are for example provided with hydraulically powered track drive.
  • the hydraulic pressure required their movement is provided by an autonomous submersible device 42 remotely controlled and connected to platform 10 by an umbilical cord 44.
  • Au across cord 44 are transported control information and energy power required.
  • each of the vehicles self-propelled 34,36,38 is transported, in turn, from the region where it was deposited on the ground by crane 40 to a selected anchor point located below the surface occupied by platform 10.
  • Vehicles 34,36,38 are shown at their respective anchor points where they are designated respectively by the references 34a, 36a, 38a. These anchor points are located outside the area to be occupied by the operating wells, but immediately on the outskirts thereof.
  • the self-propelled vehicles thus anchored constitute fixed points, or dead bodies immobilized on the seabed. They provide a feedback for the application of traction on the lower end of the column rising 24.
  • traction means 46, 48, 50 are installed between each fixed point thus formed and the free end of the column rising 24.
  • These traction means consist for example of a winch carried by an autonomous submersible machine controlled and powered from the platform through an umbilical cord.
  • the traction means 46, 48, 50 are carried by each of the submersible devices 34, 36, 38.
  • the traction means 46, 48, 50 each comprise on the one hand, means of attachment to one of the fixed points and on the other hand hooking means at the free end of the riser 24. These attachment means are controlled from the surface through the cord umbilical connecting each submersible device.
  • the free end of the riser 24 is moved under the combined actions of the means of traction 46,48,50 applying coplanar traction forces on it and not coaxial. We can see that under the action of these three forces, the free end riser 24 can be routed to one of the sampling points planned, and distributed on a circle noted 52 having for center the point of storage 30.
  • the free end of the riser 24 is moved successively so similar to the other sampling points distributed on the circle 52.
  • the drilling riser 24 can, between each new drilling, be stored temporarily by being connected to storage point 30.
  • FIGS 3 and 4 illustrate another mode of movement of the end free from riser 24.
  • anchors to suction 60 forming anchor points are arranged at the four corners of a square of approximately 50 meters side surrounding the circle noted 62 on which must be distributed the peripheral wells.
  • tensioned links 64 extending over the seabed F. These links 64 are for example formed of chains attached to the anchors 60.
  • mooring strands 66 are distributed at regular intervals, mooring strands 66 one end of which is connected to the links 64 and the other end of which is provided with a floating buoy 68.
  • These mooring strands 66 have by example a length of 3 meters and are formed of a section of chain. They constitute fixed points in relation to the seabed, since they are carried by the links 64, themselves mobilized on the bottom by the anchors 60.
  • the anchors 60 being located at the corners of a square in which is inscribed the circle 62, the fixed points 66 are distributed on the sides of the square outside of the well implantation region.
  • suction anchors are replaced by bodies dead, conventional anchors or stakes.
  • traction means 70 carried by autonomous submersible machines, are connected on the one hand to the free end of the riser 24 and on the other hand, with three mooring strands separate 66.
  • the combined action of the three traction means allows displacement from the free end of the riser 24 in order to move it between the different wells to be drilled.
  • suction anchors 60 and the mooring strands 66 are installed on the deposit before the installation of the platform 10.
  • FIGS 5 and 6 means 78 for recalling the free end of the riser 24.
  • These return means comprise a cable 80 slidably mounted inside a sheath 82 extending along the submerged part of the riser 24.
  • the sheath 82 is retained against the riser 24 by collars 84 distributed at regular intervals over the whole the length of column 24.
  • the lower end of the cable 80 is fixed to the seabed for example in the immediate vicinity of the storage point 30 located in the center of the assembly Wells.
  • the upper end of the cable 80 is connected to the traction means not shown provided on the hull 12 of the platform.
  • On the hull 12 is further provided a winch on which are wound both the sheath 82 and the cable 80 contained therein. This winch makes it possible to unwind the sheath 82 and the cable during installation of column 24.
  • the cable 80 By exerting on the cable 80, traction from the traction means provided on the hull, the cable 80 slides in the sheath 82 and ensures the return from the riser 24 to the storage point 30. The riser is then in line with the storage point 30 as shown in the figure 5.
  • the return means 78 thus arranged along the riser 24, prevent the free end of it does not come out of the region in which the wells are to be distributed
  • FIG. 7 shows another variant of implementation of the method of moving the lower end of the riser 24 from storage point 30 to sampling point 32.
  • the free end of the riser 24 is connected to the end of two moorings 90, 92 in length predetermined.
  • the moorings 90. 92 are fixed respectively at points 94 and 96 on the seabed.
  • the attachment points of the moorings 94, 96 are arranged on the side and on the other side of the segment delimited by storage point 30 and the sampling point 32 towards which the free end of the mooring line 24 must be moved.
  • the anchor points 94, 96 of the moorings are placed substantially on the mediator of this segment.
  • the moorings 80, 82 are very slightly longer at the distance separating their respective anchor points from the points intervention 30 and 32.
  • the free end of the column riser 24 is kept confined in a mooring area 98 in the form of biconvex crescent bounded by the intersection of the two scanned disc sectors by the moorings 90, 92.
  • the axis of the biconvex crescent 98 extends substantially along the segment connecting points 30 and 32 due to the position of the moorings and their lengths.
  • the mooring area 98 is delimited in phantom by arcs of a circle defining the possible limit positions for the end of the riser. These arcs of a circle are centered at anchor points 94 and 96 and have radii denoted R 90 and R 92 respectively .
  • the free end of the riser 24 is linked by a cable 100 to traction means 102 anchored in the seabed.
  • the traction means 102 are arranged upstream of the end of the riser 24 considering the direction of the current symbolized by the arrow F7.
  • FIG. 8 shows a variant implementation of the method described with reference to FIG. 7 in which the anchor points of the moorings 90 and 92 are formed by exploitation wells, noted 94A, 96A, previously installed on circle 62.
  • the direction of the current tends to move the free end of column 24 towards the point intervention intervention 32.
  • the traction means 102 are placed at inside the space delimited by the circle 62. They thus oppose the drive of the riser 24 under the action of the designated sea current by arrow F4. To move the free end of the riser, the traction means 102 are gradually released until the free end of the riser reaches point 32.
  • the moorings 90 and 92 ensure the confinement of the free end of the riser in the biconvex mooring crescent 98, and its guidance to the target intervention point.
  • the method according to the invention can be used for displacement or the installation of operating columns, allowing pumping petrol.

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  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Underground Or Underwater Handling Of Building Materials (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Verfahren zur Durchführung von Maßnahmen in einer Anordnung von unterschiedlichen auf dem Meeresboden (F) verteilten Angriffspunkten (30, 32) von dem freien Ende einer gemeinsamen Steigleitung (24) aus, die von einer halb abgetauchten Plattform (10) ausgeht und zur Erschließung einer Lagerstätte ausgebildet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es folgende aufeinanderfolgende Verfahrensschritte umfasst:
    a) Vertäuen der Plattform (10) zur Festlegung derselben im schwimmenden Zustand geradlinig über der Lagerstätte;
    b) Montage der Steigleitung (24), welche die schwimmende Plattform (10) mit dem Meeresboden (F) zur Durchführung von Maßnahmen an einem ersten Angriffspunkt (30) verbindet;
    c) Durchführen von Maßnahmen am ersten Angriffspunkt (30);
    d) Loslösen des freien Endes der Steigleitung (24) vom ersten Angriffspunkt (30), wobei diese abgetaucht bleibt;
    e) Verschieben des freien Endes dieser Steigleitung (24) in Bezug auf den Meeresboden (F) zu einem zweiten Angriffspunkt (32) hin, wobei die Plattform (10) im schwimmenden Zustand an ihrer Position bleibt; und
    f) Durchführen von Maßnahmen am zweiten Angriffspunkt (32).
  2. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verfahrensschritt e) das Verschieben des freien Endes der Steigleitung (24) betreffend folgende Verfahrensschritte umfasst:
    e1) eine vorhergehende Installation von mindestens einem festen Punkt (34a, 36a, 38a; 66) auf dem Meeresboden (F);
    e2) Aufstellen von Zugmitteln (46, 48, 50; 70) zwischen dem freien Ende der Steigleitung (24) und dem oder jedem festen Punkt (34a, 36a, 38a; 66); und
    e3) Ziehen des freien Endes der Steigleitung (24) mit Hilfe der Zugmittel (46, 48, 50; 70), welche mit dem oder jedem festen zugehörigen Punkt verbunden sind, um die Verschiebung des freien Endes in Bezug auf den Meeresboden (F) an den zweiten Angriffspunkt (32) herbeizuführen.
  3. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass drei verschiedene nicht fluchtende feste Punkte (34a, 36a, 38a; 66) vorgesehen sind, wobei mit jedem von diesen die Zugmittel (46, 48, 50; 70) verbunden sind, die die Verschiebung des freien Endes der Steigleitung (24) unter der Einwirkung von drei nicht gleichachsigen Kräften gewährleisten.
  4. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Durchführung des Verfahrensschrittes e) dieser außerdem den Verfahrensschritt umfasst, welcher darin besteht, das freie Ende der Steigleitung (24) mit wenigstens einer Halteleine (90, 92) zu verbinden, deren anderes Ende am Meeresboden (F) an solchen Stellen befestigt ist, wie der erste und zweite Angriffspunkt (30, 32) in dem oder in jedem von der oder jeder Halteleine (90, 92) überstrichenen Flächenabschnitt liegen.
  5. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das freie Ende der Steigleitung (24) mit zwei Halteleinen (90, 92) verbunden ist, welche am Meeresboden (F) beiderseits des Segments befestigt sind, das von dem ersten und zweiten Angriffspunkt (30, 32) begrenzt wird, wobei die Länge der Halteleinen (90, 92) so gewählt wird, damit sich das Segment im Wesentlichen entlang der Achse des bikonvexen Halbmonds erstreckt, welcher durch die Überschneidung der von den Halteleinen (90, 92) überstrichenen beiden Flächenabschnitte festgelegt wird.
  6. Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zugmittel (46, 48, 50, 70) von einem Unterwassertransportgerät auf den Boden gebracht werden, und dass sie einmal auf dem Boden einerseits an den oder jeden festen Punkt (34a, 36a, 38a; 66) und andererseits an das freie Ende der Steigleitung (24) angebunden werden.
  7. Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der oder jeder feste Punkt von einem verstellbaren Fahrzeug auf dem Meeresboden (F) getragen wird, wobei dieses Fahrzeug (34) Mittel (45) zur Verankerung auf dem Meeresboden umfasst, und dass zur Einbringung des oder jeden festen Punktes:
    a) dieses Fahrzeug auf den Boden (F) in einem Abstand zu der Stelle der Einbringung gebracht wird, die für den festen Punkt vorgesehen ist;
    b) das Fahrzeug auf dem Boden (F) bis zu der vorgesehenen Stelle der Einbringung verstellt wird; und
    c) das Fahrzeug an der vorgesehenen Stelle der Einbringung verankert wird.
  8. Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der oder jeder feste Punkt (66) auf dem Boden (F) installiert wird, bevor die Plattform (10) geradlinig über der Lagerstätte vertäut wird, wobei der oder jeder feste Punkt (66) unterhalb der von der Plattform überdeckten Oberfläche installiert wird.
  9. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere feste Punkte (66) durch Verbindungen (64) miteinander verbunden installiert werden, wobei sie sich auf dem Meeresboden (F) zwischen zwei Verankerungen (60) erstrecken, und wobei diese Verbindungen (64) um den Bereich des Meeresbodens (F) herum angeordnet sind, auf welchem sich die Gesamtheit der Angriffspunkte befindet.
  10. Verfahren gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Rückführmittel (78) des freien Endes der Steigleitung (24) zwischen dieser und dem Meeresboden (F) installiert sind.
  11. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rückführmittel (78) so ausgebildet sind, dass eine Rückführung des freien Endes der Steigleitung (24) zur Mitte der Gesamtheit der Angriffspunkte gewährleistet ist.
  12. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rückführmittel (78) ein Seil (80) umfassen, welches in einem Mantel (82) gleitet, der sich längs der Steigleitung (24) erstreckt, mit welcher er verbunden ist, und das Seil (80) den Meeresboden (F) mit der Plattform (10) verbindet, und dass die Rückführung des freien Endes der Steigleitung (24) an den Verbindungspunkt des Seils (80) mit dem Meeresboden (F) durch Ziehen des Seils (80) im Mantel (82) von der Plattform (10) aus gewährleistet wird.
EP99402018A 1998-08-11 1999-08-09 Verfahren zum Installieren einer Ölproduktionseinrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP0979921B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9810302A FR2782342B1 (fr) 1998-08-11 1998-08-11 Procede d'implantation d'une installation d'exploitation
FR9810302 1998-08-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0979921A1 EP0979921A1 (de) 2000-02-16
EP0979921B1 true EP0979921B1 (de) 2004-02-11

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EP99402018A Expired - Lifetime EP0979921B1 (de) 1998-08-11 1999-08-09 Verfahren zum Installieren einer Ölproduktionseinrichtung

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US6343655B1 (de)
EP (1) EP0979921B1 (de)
AU (1) AU754692B2 (de)
BR (1) BR9903615A (de)
CA (1) CA2280403C (de)
EA (1) EA001885B1 (de)
FR (1) FR2782342B1 (de)
ID (1) ID23248A (de)
NO (1) NO313894B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100712191B1 (ko) 2005-12-29 2007-04-27 한국해양연구원 파일앵커와 윈치를 이용한 파일관입장치 및 방법
KR100712190B1 (ko) 2005-12-29 2007-04-27 한국해양연구원 수압을 이용한 파일관입장치 및 방법
US9080393B2 (en) * 2012-05-31 2015-07-14 Transocean Sedco Forex Ventures Limited Drilling riser retrieval in high current
US9404347B1 (en) * 2015-05-15 2016-08-02 Baker Hughes Incorporated Apparatus and method for connecting a riser from an offshore rig to a subsea structure
US9719330B2 (en) * 2015-12-28 2017-08-01 Cameron International Corporation Subsea equipment pendulum arrestor and method for its use
US9739101B1 (en) * 2016-07-13 2017-08-22 Ensco International Incorporated Riser deflection mitigation
CN108001637B (zh) * 2017-12-07 2019-07-23 吴林 大型多组合深水稳定水上悬浮平台
CN115092352B (zh) * 2022-07-11 2024-01-02 中船黄埔文冲船舶有限公司 一种箱型梁船体布局结构及其海上风电安装平台

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US4147221A (en) * 1976-10-15 1979-04-03 Exxon Production Research Company Riser set-aside system
US4174011A (en) * 1977-09-12 1979-11-13 Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Subsea drilling template with carousel guidance system
US4326595A (en) * 1980-04-25 1982-04-27 Texaco Development Corporation Method for drilling deviated wells into an offshore substrate
US4754817A (en) * 1982-08-25 1988-07-05 Conoco Inc. Subsea well template for directional drilling
US4576516A (en) * 1984-11-28 1986-03-18 Shell Oil Company Riser angle control apparatus and method
US4591295A (en) * 1984-12-10 1986-05-27 Shell Offshore Inc. Curved conductor well template
US4972907A (en) * 1985-10-24 1990-11-27 Shell Offshore Inc. Method of conducting well operations from a moveable floating platform

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO993853D0 (no) 1999-08-10
FR2782342A1 (fr) 2000-02-18
EA199900639A2 (ru) 2000-02-28
ID23248A (id) 2000-03-30
NO313894B1 (no) 2002-12-16
CA2280403A1 (fr) 2000-02-11
US6343655B1 (en) 2002-02-05
AU4347899A (en) 2000-03-02
BR9903615A (pt) 2000-09-05
EP0979921A1 (de) 2000-02-16
FR2782342B1 (fr) 2000-11-10
CA2280403C (fr) 2007-10-02
AU754692B2 (en) 2002-11-21
EA001885B1 (ru) 2001-10-22
EA199900639A3 (ru) 2000-08-28
NO993853L (no) 2000-02-14

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