EP0980461B1 - Foreuse directionnelle - Google Patents

Foreuse directionnelle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0980461B1
EP0980461B1 EP98923228A EP98923228A EP0980461B1 EP 0980461 B1 EP0980461 B1 EP 0980461B1 EP 98923228 A EP98923228 A EP 98923228A EP 98923228 A EP98923228 A EP 98923228A EP 0980461 B1 EP0980461 B1 EP 0980461B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drill
drilling unit
directional
extendable
directional drilling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98923228A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0980461A4 (fr
EP0980461A2 (fr
Inventor
Gregory Donald West
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Flexidrill Ltd
Original Assignee
Flexidrill Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Flexidrill Ltd filed Critical Flexidrill Ltd
Publication of EP0980461A2 publication Critical patent/EP0980461A2/fr
Publication of EP0980461A4 publication Critical patent/EP0980461A4/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0980461B1 publication Critical patent/EP0980461B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
    • E21B19/08—Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables; Apparatus for increasing or decreasing the pressure on the drilling tool; Apparatus for counterbalancing the weight of the rods
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/02—Drilling rigs characterised by means for land transport with their own drive, e.g. skid mounting or wheel mounting
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling

Definitions

  • This invention relates to directional drilling apparatus, in particular but not solely to directional drilling apparatus which can be used in confined spaces or utilised in locations close to obstacles such as fences, houses, buildings, etc.
  • Directional drilling (also referred to as boring, thrusting and horizontal drilling) is a technology which allows services such as power cables, ducts, water pipes, gas lines, drainage pipes, etc, to be placed underground without the need to cut open the ground surface as is required in cut and cover methods.
  • the drill gains its directional ability through the use of an angled steering blade on the drill head.
  • a transmitter Immediately behind the drill head is a transmitter (sonde) which relays information to an above ground operator, such information may include how deep the drill head is, the direction in which the drill is heading and the orientation of the drill head such as the angle it is pointing up or down.
  • Such devices are normally bulky and incorporate means to rotate and push forward or advance the drill head to as well means rotate it. It is also known to provide means to extend the drill such as a set of rods which are screwed into each other to provide additional length to the drill.
  • the power requirement of such a device is somewhat high and as these devices incorporate the source of power the devices are large. This limits the use of the device in that it is common for drilling to be required substantially horizontally or parallel to the surface of the ground from a distance beneath the surface of the ground.
  • the drill since the above-mentioned device must rest on ground level the drill must be angled in from the surface of the ground such that it levels off at the required depth.
  • the drills as aforementioned are of course flexible to some degree however flexibility is limited therefore the angle at which the drill enters the ground dictates that the drilling unit itself must be positioned at some distance back from the point at which the level drilling commences. Obviously this is inconvenient and may in some cases limit drilling. It may in other cases mean that neighbouring land must be encroached upon and as the ultimate length of the drill usable by such a device is limited the length of useful drilling may be somewhat limited.
  • EP-A-0223575 describes a drilling unit mountable to a boom for limited pivoting movement relative to the boom.
  • US patent 5226488 describes a directional drilling apparatus in which a drill is mounted on a turret on a vehicle chassis, so that the drill may be rotated in azimuth and tilted downwardly to launch the drill obliquely into the ground.
  • US patent 5709276 describes a directional drilling apparatus for launching a directional drill obliquely into the ground in a number of different azimuth directions using a single launch pit.
  • German patent publication DE 19732532 describes a directional drilling apparatus in which a directional drill is launched obliquely into the ground from a vehicle, the drill being advanced with rotation in order to proceed along a straight path, and being an advanced without rotation but with vibration of the drill string in order to alter the drilling direction.
  • the present invention consists in a directional drilling unit as defined in claim 1.
  • Preferably means are provided to monitor the location of said directional drill head, and said means are provided to monitor the orientation (and hence advancement direction when not rotating) of the directional drill head.
  • prime mover or power source is a digger or excavator.
  • said directional drilling unit is powered by said prime mover, most preferably by power transferred by hydraulic means.
  • the present invention may broadly be said to consist in directional drilling apparatus as defined in claim 9.
  • said powering of said directional drilling apparatus is from a prime mover such as a digger or excavator.
  • said directional drilling apparatus are articulated from said prime mover.
  • Preferably said means are provided to monitor the orientation and hence advancement direction when not rotating of the directional drill head.
  • actuating means are provided to enable the sideways cant of the drilling apparatus to be adjusted by a user.
  • actuating means are mounted on or adjacent said means to rotate said extendable drill, said actuating means oriented such that when actuated a thrust is provided in the forward direction, that is in a direction towards the drill head; and second actuating means are provided, said second actuating means being attachable to said extendable drill and capable of providing a forward thrust to said extendable drill; characterised in that the drill head is advanced in the following manner, first and second actuating means are placed in a non-actuated state; the actuating means are then placed in a state of actuation; thereafter said second actuating means are placed in a state of actuation, thereafter said actuating means returned to a state of non-actuation.
  • said actuation means comprises a pair of actuating devices substantially parallel to each other.
  • said actuation means and said second actuation means comprise a hydraulic ram.
  • said second actuation means includes means to selectively hold said drill and thereby thrust forward.
  • Preferred forms of the present invention provide a directional drilling unit 1 said directional drilling unit is articulated by an arm 3 from a prime mover or other source of power 2.
  • the source of power or prime mover 2 is preferably but not necessarily easily moveable.
  • the prime mover 2 provides power and perhaps control of the directional drilling unit 1 and in preferred forms the power is provided by means of a hydraulic circuit or connection. Such connections will be obvious to those skilled in the art to which the invention relates.
  • the unit itself comprises means 30 to rotate the drill rod 7.
  • Such means may comprise a hydraulic motor and may incorporate jaws or clamping devices which hold the outer surface of the drill rod 7.
  • the directional drilling ability of a drill is achieved through the use of an angled steering blade on the drill head.
  • a transmitter relays information to the operator above ground. Information transmitted may consist of a variety of types such as how deep the drill head is, the direction in which it is heading, the orientation, ie angle up or down of the drill head. This information is used by the operator to steer or control the drill. For example if the operator requires the drill to steer to the right to avoid an existing underground service the aboveground locator operator would instruct the drill operator to rotate the drill head to 3 o'clock and push (thrust) the drill head forward which will cause the drill to flex and head to the right.
  • the drill operator spins or rotates (a combination of pushing and rotating) the required distance until another change of direction is required.
  • the use of a combination of spinning and pushing or thrusting and rotating makes it possible to steer under, over or around obstacles and arrive at the desired end point with a great deal of accuracy.
  • the level of accuracy is of course dependant upon the ground conditions encountered.
  • the drill head Once the drill head is at its end point, for example drilling may have occurred from one side of the road to the other, the drill head would ordinarily be removed and a cutter and/or packer attached to the drill or drill pipe or string with the service, for example power cable, duct, water pipe, gas line or drainage pipe attached.
  • the drill or drill rods would then be pulled out of the ground while the drill is rotating, thus giving the cutter and/or packer a cutting action in allowing a hole of sufficient diameter to be formed for the pipe or cable duct line or service to be installed.
  • Preferred forms of the present invention can be used in particular in residential areas where the distance required to be drilled is often no more than 100 metres. Access to the site is often difficult and it is quite often the case that there is no lead-in room. That is, it is often not possible to move a great distance back from the initial entry point in order to provide access to the required depth of the drill.
  • Drills according to these preferred forms of the invention can be of a compact size and this can increase the number of sites which can be used.
  • drills according to preferred forms of the present invention can be launched both up and down hill.
  • At least some preferred forms of the present invention can be set up to drill at right angles to a road thereby limiting the disruption to traffic.
  • One example of the present invention generates 8000 pounds (35585 N) of thrust and approximately 10,500 pounds (46706 N) of pull-back from an 18 horse power (13.4 kW) source.
  • Preferred forms of the present invention have a drive mechanism which utilises no thrust chains, cogs or pulleys. This limits the amount of maintenance required.
  • Preferred hydraulic pump forms of the invention utilise a fluid supply which comprises a main pressure water source such as a garden hose.
  • At least preferred forms of the present invention can be launched above or below ground pointing up or down. Up to ⁇ 80 degrees of launch angle are possible.
  • the unitary drilling apparatus itself can swivel through 360° ⁇ 80 when utilised with an excavator or prime mover with an ability to rotate through 360° ⁇ 80 and the ability to offset the boom of said excavator provides a great deal of flexibility.
  • the drilling unit is attached or attachable to a prime mover or excavator or digger. This means that a user requires less specialised equipment and can lower costs.
  • the orientation of the cutting blade 21 must be ascertained and then the drill advanced without rotation.
  • this advancement is provided by means 30 to advance the drill and drill head.
  • Such means may comprise an hydraulic ram or may utilise chains and suitable gear wheels to provide for the forward articulation of the drill.
  • the monitoring of the orientation of the cutting blade 21 may be achieved by radio transmission or a communication means which may be provided through a hollow centre of the drill rod 7.
  • the drill rod 7 is made up of links of either solid bar or preferably tube.
  • Said tube of course has an aperture therethough, and in preferred forms of the invention the aperture may be used to provide either a cutting fluid or simply water to the drill head 20. Such provision of water facilitates the washing away of material at the drill head.
  • the drill rod 7 is made up of links of drill which are screwed one into the other by means of a threaded portion.
  • Prior art directional drilling apparatus utilise links of drill rod 7 of 31 ⁇ 2 and sometimes 4 metres in length.
  • Preferred forms of the present invention utilise drill rod 7 which are made up of links of bar or tube which are less than 31 ⁇ 2 metres in length.
  • the present invention provides for the addition of additional links to the drill rod 7 by means of releasing the device gripping the outer surface of the drill, retracting the means to rotate the drill 30, placing an additional length of drill rod 7 into the unit, attaching said additional length of drill to the preceding length of drill, and then reclamping the device to grip the outer surface of drill rod 7 at a rearward portion of the additional drill link.
  • Preferred forms of the present invention allow for the quick fitting of the drilling unit 1 to the prime mover.
  • a bearing 57 is present, in this preferred form of the invention. This bearing allows a 360° ⁇ 80 rotation of the drilling apparatus 1.
  • Those skilled in the art to which the invention relates will realise that a variety of different bearings will be suitable.
  • An actuator 56 allows for the sideways cant of the drilling apparatus 1.
  • the actuator may be hydraulically powered.
  • Preferred forms of the present invention utilising a floating ram system as shown in Figure 12 provide a system whereby the actuating devices 200 and 201 are first extended, moving the device into position two as shown in Figure 12; then the second actuating device 300 is extended to its actuated position or condition, bringing the device into the position three as shown in Figure 12; the actuating devices and second actuating devices are then retracted, reverting the device into the position one as shown in Figure 12. In position one a new drill rod 7 can be added and the process described above repeated.
  • Devices incorporating this preferred form of the present invention enable the length of the drill rod links 7 to be reduced in some cases for example to 2.1 metres and use a 1m drill rod.
  • the weight of the device can be reduced perhaps by 30%, that is maybe down to 210 kilos giving an improved power to weight ratio.
  • the drive train is believed to be more reliable than those utilising gears, cogs or cables.
  • stabilisers 50,51 and 52 are advanced by means of actuators for example hydraulic actuators and bear against the internal surfaces of the hole or launch pit 4.
  • the stabilisers have the effect of locking the drilling apparatus 1 into the hole 4 thus increasing the accuracy of the drilling.
  • the stabilisers 50, 51 and 52 are preferably remotely controllable by an operator.
  • the present invention provides a unitary directional drilling device which can be placed into a small hole 4 or above ground.
  • the use of the length of drill is maximised.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Unité de forage directionnelle (1) conçue pour une fixation à un bras mécanique (3), l'unité de forage comprenant :
    une tête de forage directionnelle (20),
    un foret pouvant s'allonger (7),
    un moyen (30) pour faire tourner ledit foret pouvant s'allonger et ladite tête de forage,
    un moyen (200, 201, 300) pour avancer ledit foret pouvant s'allonger axialement de sorte que ledit foret se déplace dans la direction de ladite tête de forage directionnelle, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend en outre
    un moyen de montage (57) pouvant être fixé à une extrémité d'un bras mécanique (3), ledit moyen de montage comprenant un élément de support (57) permettant une rotation de 360 degrés de l'unité de forage (1) par rapport au bras (3) autour d'un axe perpendiculaire au foret (7), et
    un moyen de stabilisation (50, 51, 52) pouvant s'allonger depuis l'unité de forage (1) et conçu pour porter contre l'intérieur d'une ouverture, ou contre une autre surface solide, en vue de stabiliser l'unité de forage.
  2. Unité de forage directionnelle selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le moyen de stabilisation comprend une paire de plaques opposées pouvant s'étendre (50, 51) à l'extrémité avant de l'unité de forage, et une plaque pouvant s'étendre (52) à l'extrémité arrière de l'unité de forage.
  3. Unité de forage directionnelle selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans laquelle le moyen de montage comprend en outre un moyen d'actionnement (56) destiné à commander l'inclinaison latérale de l'unité de forage directionnelle.
  4. Unité de forage directionnelle selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle le moyen destiné à faire avancer ledit foret pouvant s'allonger comprend :
    un premier moyen d'actionnement (200, 201) monté sur l'unité de forage, et
    un second moyen d'actionnement (300) monté sur le premier moyen d'actionnement (200, 201) et pouvant être fixé audit foret pouvant s'allonger.
  5. Unité de forage directionnelle selon la revendication 4, dans laquelle ledit premier moyen d'actionnement et ledit second moyen d'actionnement comprennent chacun un vérin hydraulique.
  6. Unité de forage directionnelle selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle l'unité de forage présente une longueur inférieure à 3,5 mètres.
  7. Unité de forage directionnelle selon la revendication 6, dans laquelle le foret (7) comprend un certain nombre de sections de foret, et chaque section de foret mesure moins de 3,5 mètres en longueur.
  8. Unité de forage directionnelle selon la revendication 7, dans laquelle chaque section de foret mesure environ 1 mètre de long.
  9. Dispositif de forage directionnel comprenant une machine motrice comportant un bras mécanique (3) installé au niveau de l'une de ses extrémités sur la machine motrice, et une unité de forage (1) montée à l'extrémité libre du bras (3) par un moyen de montage (57), l'unité de forage (1) comprenant :
    une tête de forage directionnelle (20),
    un foret pouvant s'allonger (7),
    un moyen (30) pour faire tourner ledit foret pouvant s'allonger et ladite tête de forage,
    un moyen (200, 201, 300) pour faire avancer ledit foret pouvant s'allonger axialement de telle sorte que ledit foret se déplace dans la direction de ladite tête de forage directionnelle, caractérisé en ce que
    ledit moyen de montage comprend un élément de support (57) permettant une rotation de 360 degrés de l'unité de forage (1) par rapport au bras (3) autour d'un axe perpendiculaire au foret (7), et
    ladite unité de forage comprend un moyen de stabilisation (50, 51, 52) pouvant s'étendre depuis l'unité de forage (1) et conçu pour reposer contre l'intérieur d'une ouverture, ou contre une autre surface solide, en stabilisant donc l'unité de forage.
  10. Dispositif de forage directionnel selon la revendication 9, dans lequel le moyen de stabilisation comprend une paire de plaques pouvant s'étendre opposées (50, 51) à l'extrémité avant de l'unité de forage (1), et une plaque pouvant s'étendre (52) à l'extrémité arrière de l'unité de forage.
  11. Dispositif de forage directionnel selon la revendication 9 ou la revendication 10, dans lequel la machine motrice est une pelleteuse ou un excavateur mécanique.
  12. Dispositif de forage directionnel selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 12, dans lequel la machine motrice est conçue pour fournir de l'énergie à l'unité de forage.
  13. Dispositif de forage directionnel selon la revendication 12, dans lequel le moyen (30) pour faire tourner ledit foret pouvant s'allonger et ladite tête de forage est un moteur hydraulique, et le moyen (200, 201, 300) pour faire avancer ledit foret pouvant s'allonger comprend un vérin hydraulique, et la puissance fournie depuis la machine motrice est une puissance hydraulique.
  14. Dispositif de forage directionnel selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 13, dans lequel le moyen destiné à faire avancer ledit foret pouvant s'allonger comprend :
    un premier moyen d'actionnement (200, 201) monté sur l'unité de forage, et
    un second moyen d'actionnement (300) monté sur le premier moyen d'actionnement (200, 201) et pouvant être fixé audit foret pouvant s'allonger.
  15. Dispositif de forage directionnel selon la revendication 14, dans lequel ledit premier moyen d'actionnement et ledit second moyen d'actionnement comprennent chacun un vérin hydraulique.
  16. Dispositif de forage directionnel selon la revendication 14 ou la revendication 15, dans lequel ledit second moyen d'actionnement comprend un moyen pour maintenir sélectivement ledit foret.
  17. Dispositif de forage directionnel selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 16, dans lequel l'unité de forage (1) est montée de façon amovible sur l'extrémité libre du bras (3).
  18. Procédé de forage directionnel utilisant un dispositif de forage directionnel selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 16, comprenant les étapes consistant à :
    commander ledit bras mécanique (3) pour placer ladite unité de forage directionnelle (1) à une position de début de forage et pour orienter ladite unité dans une direction de début de forage,
    étendre le moyen de stabilisation (50, 51, 52) à partir de ladite unité de forage directionnelle, et
    faire tourner et faire avancer sélectivement ladite tête de forage directionnelle afin de réaliser une opération de forage directionnelle.
  19. Procédé selon la revendication 18, dans lequel l'unité de forage directionnelle est placée à l'intérieur d'un puits de lancement en tant que position de début de forage, et dans lequel le moyen de stabilisation (50, 51, 52) est étendu pour être en contact avec les parois du puits de lancement.
EP98923228A 1997-05-08 1998-05-08 Foreuse directionnelle Expired - Lifetime EP0980461B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NZ31476997 1997-05-08
NZ31476997 1997-05-08
NZ31493897 1997-05-28
NZ31493897 1997-05-28
NZ33008098 1998-03-27
NZ33008098 1998-03-27
PCT/NZ1998/000055 WO1998050667A2 (fr) 1997-05-08 1998-05-08 Foreuse directionnelle

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0980461A2 EP0980461A2 (fr) 2000-02-23
EP0980461A4 EP0980461A4 (fr) 2003-01-02
EP0980461B1 true EP0980461B1 (fr) 2006-08-23

Family

ID=27353829

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98923228A Expired - Lifetime EP0980461B1 (fr) 1997-05-08 1998-05-08 Foreuse directionnelle

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0980461B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN100360762C (fr)
AT (1) ATE337466T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU765817B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE69835669T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2271997T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998050667A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10982497B1 (en) 2016-02-11 2021-04-20 Roddie, Inc. Pit launch device for horizontal directional drilling

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108590508B (zh) * 2018-03-21 2019-09-24 湖北德纳建设有限公司 一种用于建筑监测的钻孔设备
CN111997532B (zh) * 2020-08-11 2022-06-28 湖南长院悦诚装备有限公司 一种仰拱反臂钻孔结构及仰拱反臂凿岩钻机

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US4553612A (en) * 1983-11-09 1985-11-19 Durham Marion E Earth boring machine
US4679637A (en) * 1985-05-14 1987-07-14 Cherrington Martin D Apparatus and method for forming an enlarged underground arcuate bore and installing a conduit therein
JPS62117985A (ja) * 1985-11-16 1987-05-29 株式会社　山本鉄工所 さく孔装置
US4858700A (en) * 1987-06-26 1989-08-22 Shafer James P Articulated apparatus for positioning rock drills
US5148880A (en) * 1990-08-31 1992-09-22 The Charles Machine Works, Inc. Apparatus for drilling a horizontal controlled borehole in the earth
US5226488A (en) * 1991-07-10 1993-07-13 Bor-Mor Inc. Truck mounted boring system
US5469155A (en) * 1993-01-27 1995-11-21 Mclaughlin Manufacturing Company, Inc. Wireless remote boring apparatus guidance system
US5449046A (en) * 1993-12-23 1995-09-12 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Earth boring tool with continuous rotation impulsed steering
US6109831A (en) * 1995-01-10 2000-08-29 Trenchless Replacement Services Ltd. Underground boring and pipe installation
DE19607365C5 (de) * 1996-02-27 2004-07-08 Tracto-Technik Paul Schmidt Spezialmaschinen Verfahren zum Lenken eines Erdbohrgeräts und ein lenkbares Gerät zum Herstellen einer Erdbohrung
US5709276A (en) * 1996-03-21 1998-01-20 Straightline Manufacturing, Inc. Multi-position directional drill
DE19732532C2 (de) * 1997-07-29 1999-10-28 Tracto Technik Verfahren und Vvorrichtung zum horizontalen Richtungsbohren

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10982497B1 (en) 2016-02-11 2021-04-20 Roddie, Inc. Pit launch device for horizontal directional drilling

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1998050667A8 (fr) 2000-02-17
ES2271997T3 (es) 2007-04-16
DE69835669D1 (de) 2006-10-05
AU7556698A (en) 1998-11-27
EP0980461A4 (fr) 2003-01-02
DE69835669T2 (de) 2007-09-06
CN100360762C (zh) 2008-01-09
WO1998050667A2 (fr) 1998-11-12
EP0980461A2 (fr) 2000-02-23
AU765817B2 (en) 2003-10-02
WO1998050667A3 (fr) 1999-11-04
CN1264452A (zh) 2000-08-23
ATE337466T1 (de) 2006-09-15

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