EP0988850B1 - Eine Vorrichtung zum Verabreichen von oralen Wirkstoffen - Google Patents

Eine Vorrichtung zum Verabreichen von oralen Wirkstoffen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0988850B1
EP0988850B1 EP00200063A EP00200063A EP0988850B1 EP 0988850 B1 EP0988850 B1 EP 0988850B1 EP 00200063 A EP00200063 A EP 00200063A EP 00200063 A EP00200063 A EP 00200063A EP 0988850 B1 EP0988850 B1 EP 0988850B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
active agent
formulation
chamber
discrete units
delivery system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00200063A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0988850A2 (de
EP0988850A3 (de
Inventor
Patrick S.L. Wong
Howard B. Rosen
Nathan Roth
Phyllis I Gardner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alza Corp
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Alza Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0988850A2 publication Critical patent/EP0988850A2/de
Publication of EP0988850A3 publication Critical patent/EP0988850A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0988850B1 publication Critical patent/EP0988850B1/de
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
    • A61J7/00—Devices for administering medicines orally, e.g. spoons; Pill counting devices; Arrangements for time indication or reminder for taking medicine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
    • A47G21/00—Table-ware
    • A47G21/18—Drinking straws or the like
    • A47G21/183—Drinking straws or the like with means for changing the flavour of the liquid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
    • A61J7/00—Devices for administering medicines orally, e.g. spoons; Pill counting devices; Arrangements for time indication or reminder for taking medicine
    • A61J7/0015—Devices specially adapted for taking medicines
    • A61J7/0038—Straws

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to the oral delivery of an active agent. More particularly, a device for oral delivery of an active agent formulation in the form of discrete units mixed with a fluid, by inserting the discrete units into a hollow active agent formulation chamber. A retainer in a first end of the chamber prevents the release of the discrete units from the first end of the chamber while allowing for fluid flow when suction is applied at the second end of the chamber. The discrete units can easily be swallowed in admixture with the fluid drawn through the chamber.
  • Tablets, capsules, caplets and many other types of devices have been used for oral delivery of active agents. These forms are relatively easy to manufacture and convenient for use in the hospital or other institutional settings or at home. Many different types of active agents have been incorporated into such dosage forms - ranging from analgesics to antibiotics to hormones.
  • DE 1906964 discloses a drinking straw comprising a chamber which contains a liquid or solid beverage concentrate. In use the concentrate dissolves in fluid to form a beverage as the fluid is drawn through the straw and into the mouth of a user.
  • US 4792333 discloses a drug delivery device comprising a straw, which is sealed at both ends and has a circumferential constriction which prevents the movement of a single drug capsule past the constriction along the length of the straw.
  • the user of the device holds the straw such that the capsule rests against the constriction, cuts both ends off the straw and sips a drink through the straw from one end, thereby ingesting the drug capsule as part of an admixture with the fluid.
  • the constriction is positioned proximate the one end of the straw.
  • EP-A-0 383 503 describes a tubular system for delivering a therapeutic agent in free-flowing form to a patient.
  • the therapeutic agent is supported within a tube by a stationary, fluid-permeable grid or within a loop formed in the tube.
  • the therapeutic agent is carried from the stationary gird or the loop by the fluid and dispensed to the patient.
  • an oral active agent delivery system as claimed in claim 1 below.
  • the discrete units contained within the chamber are in particulate form.
  • the discrete units contained within the chamber are in the form of multiple active agent dosage forms.
  • the present invention provides a device for the oral delivery of an active agent formulation in the form of discrete units that is easy to manufacture and use and that can deliver a predetermined amount of active agent.
  • active agent formulation intends the active agent or drug optionally in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and additional inert ingredients.
  • discrete units intends the active agent formulation in solid or particulate form.
  • oral dosage form as described herein is meant the active agent formulation when placed in a discrete unit that is capable of maintaining its physical configuration and chemical integrity while housed within the delivery device.
  • terapéuticaally effective amount or “therapeutically effective rate” refer to the amount or rate of the active agent needed to effect the desired pharmacologic, often beneficial result.
  • active agent formulation retainer refers to a valve, plug or restriction, or the like that prevents passage of the active agent formulation from the device.
  • fluid passing active agent formulation retainer is intended a valve, plug or restriction or the like that allows for passage of fluids but does not allow for passage of other ingredients such as the active agent formulation that is contained in the delivery device.
  • the dispensing device of the invention find use where it is inconvenient or unsafe to use solid oral dosage forms such as capsules or tablets.
  • the devices may be particularly useful in geriatric or paediatric patient populations but they may also be useful for those who have difficulty swallowing capsules or tablets.
  • a single delivery device or several devices can be administered to a patient during a therapeutic program.
  • Fig 1 depicts, in cross-section view, one embodiment of the delivery device according to the invention.
  • the device is in prepared form prior to placement in the fluid.
  • Dispensing device 40 is shown in Fig 1 to comprise an active agent formulation chamber 42. Contained within chamber 42 are multiple oral dosage forms 44.
  • First end 46 of the chamber 42 has a fluid passing active formulation retainer 54 prepared by crimping the chamber 42 so that the diameter of the opening 48 is smaller than the dosage form 44. In this way the dosage form 44 will not fall out of the chamber 42.
  • Second end 50 contains an active agent formulation retainer 56 that is in the form of a removable seal 52. In operation, the first end 46 of the chamber 42 is inserted into a fluid, removable seal 52 is removed and second end 50 is placed into the mouth of the patient.
  • Dosage forms 44 may be of the instant release, delayed release, continuous release or controlled release type, depending on the pattern of drug administration desired.
  • Fig 2 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment that is similar to that shown in Fig. 1, but rather than a removable seal, the second end 130 is sealed with a tab 134 that can be completely removed prior to placement of the device in the fluid 30 and delivery of the oral dosage forms 44.
  • the active agent itself may be in liquid, solid, or semisolid form.
  • the active agent formulation that contains the active agent may contain additional material such as binders, coating materials, or stabilizers such that the formulation is formed into one or more discrete units.
  • the discrete units may be designed in a multitude of ways to provide a specific drug delivery profile.
  • One embodiment comprises a formulation that is in particulate form. These particulates are generally between about 50 and 2000 ⁇ m in diameter, usually between about 100-500 ⁇ m in diameter. Where the particulate has an unpleasant taste, the particulate may be taste masked by methods that are well known in the art.
  • the particulates may be designed to provide immediate delivery of the active agent, they may be coated to provide for prolonged release or delayed pulse release of the active agent, or they may be designed to provide for a combination of immediate, pulsed and/or prolonged delivery of active agent.
  • the particulates may be coated with an enteric coating to provide for targetted release of the active agent.
  • active agent formulations that contain more than one active agent.
  • the active agent may be in liquid form and may be contained within a soft gelatin capsule or within a solid oral dosage form.
  • dosage forms may include, matrix or other types of tablets, pellets and elongated tablets where the height to diameter ratio exceeds one, capsules, elementary osmotic pumps, such as those described in US Patent No. 3,845,770, mini osmotic pumps such as those described in US Patent Nos. 3,995,631, 4,034,756, and 4,111,202, and multichamber osmotic systems referred to as push-pull and push-melt osmotic pumps, such as those described in US Patent Nos. 4,320,759, 4,327,725, 4,449,983, and 4,765,989 all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • active agent refers to an agent, drug, compound, composition of matter or mixture thereof which provides some pharmacologic, often beneficial, effect. This includes foods, food supplements, nutrients, drugs, vitamins, and other beneficial agents. As used herein, the terms further include any physiologically or pharmacologically active substance that produces a localized or systemic effect in a patient.
  • the active drug that can be delivered includes antibiotics, antiviral agents, anepileptics, analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents and bronchodilators, and may be inorganic and organic compounds, including, without limitation, drugs which act on the peripheral nerves, adrenergic receptors, cholinergic receptors, the skeletal muscles, the cardiovascular system, smooth muscles, the blood circulatory system, synoptic sites, neuroeffector junctional sites, endocrine and hormone systems, the immunological system, the reproductive system, the skeletal system, autacoid systems, the alimentary and excretory systems, the histamine system and the central nervous system.
  • antibiotics antibiotics, antiviral agents, anepileptics, analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents and bronchodilators, and may be inorganic and organic compounds, including, without limitation, drugs which act on the peripheral nerves, adrenergic receptors, cholinergic receptors, the skeletal muscles, the cardiovascular system, smooth muscles, the blood circulatory
  • Suitable agents may be selected from, for example, polysaccharides, steroids, hypnotics and sedatives, psychic energizers. tranquilizers, anticonvulsants, muscle relaxants, antiparkinson agents, analgesics, anti-inflammatories, muscle contractants, antimicrobials, antimalarials, hormonal agents including contraceptives, sympathomimetics, polypeptides and proteins capable of eliciting physiological effects, diuretics, lipid regulating agents, antiandrogenic agents, antiparasitics, neoplastics, antineoplastics, hypoglycemics, nutritional agents and supplements, growth supplements, fats, ophthalmics, antienteritis agents, electrolytes and diagnostic agents.
  • active agents useful in this invention include prochlorperazine edisylate, ferrous sulfate, aminocaproic acid, mecamylamine hydrochloride, procainamide hydrochloride, amphetamine sulfate, methamphetamine hydrochloride, benzphetamine hydrochloride, isoproterenol sulfate, phenmetrazine hydrochloride, bethanechol chloride, methacholine chloride, pilocarpine hydrochloride, atropine sulfate, scopolamine bromide, isopropamide iodide, tridihexethyl chloride, phenformin hydrochloride, methylphenidate hydrochloride, theophylline cholinate, cephalexin hydrochloride, diphenidol, meclizine hydrochloride, prochlorperazine maleate, phenoxybenzamine, thiethylperazine maleate
  • ethinyl estradiol ethinyl estradiol 3-methyl ether, prednisolone, 17-b-hydroxyprogesterone acetate, 19-nor-progesterone, norgestrel, norethindrone, norethisterone, norethiederone, progesterone, norgesterone, norethynodrel, aspirin, acetaminophen, indomethacin, naproxen, fenoprofen, sulindac, indoprofen, nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, propranolol, timolol, atenolol, alprenolol, cimetidine, clonidine, imipramine, levodopa, chlorpromazine, methyldopa, dihydroxyphenylalanine, calcium gluconate, ketoprofen, ibuprofen, cephalexin, ery
  • proteins and peptides which include, but are not limited to, insulin, colchicine, glucagon, thyroid stimulating hormone, parathyroid and pituitary hormones, calcitonin, renin, prolactin, corticotrophin, thyrotropic hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, chorionic gonadotropin, gonadotropin releasing hormone, bovine somatotropin, porcine somatropin, oxytocin, vasopressin, prolactin, somatostatin, lypressin, pancreozymin and luteinizing hormone.
  • the agents can be in various forms, such as soluble and insoluble charged or uncharged molecules, components of molecular complexes or nonirritating, pharmacologically acceptable salts.
  • the amount of active agent employed in the delivery device will be that amount necessary to deliver a therapeutically effective amount of the agent to achieve the desired result. In practice, this will vary widely depending upon the particular agent, the severity of the condition, and the desired therapeutic effect. However, the device is generally useful for active agents that must be delivered in fairly large doses of from about 100 mg to 5000 mg, usually in the range of from about 250 mg to about 2500 mg. However, since the devices may also be useful in pediatric patients, doses in the ranges of 25 to 250 mg are also contemplated herein.
  • Representative materials for forming devices including the active agent formulation chamber, the elongated tubular member, the end caps and tabs include, without limitation, paper, plastic such as propylene/styrene copolymers, polyproylene, high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene and the like.
  • the devices usually have an inner diameter of between about 3 and 8 mm and a wall thickness of between about 0.1 and 0.4 mm.
  • the devices are between about 10 and 30 cm in length.
  • the fluid passing active agent formulation retainer permits the free flow of liquid medium but prohibits passage of the active agent formulation from the device prior to delivery.
  • the fluid that is used for suspending the active agent formulation by sipping through the active agent formulation chamber is preferably any good-tasting liquid including but not limited to water, juice, milk, soda, coffee, tea etc. Care must be taken to ensure compatibility of the fluid with the active agent formulation.
  • a delivery device was prepared as follows. Jumbo size straws with an inside diameter of 0.21 inches and a length of 6 inches were heat sealed at one end. The seal was partially cut off so that the orifice had a diameter of less than 5 mm.
  • Small elementary osmotic pumps of calcium ascorbate were prepared as follows.
  • the core compartment was formed from 50 mg of calcium ascorbate, 2.7 mg polyvinyl pyrrolidone and 0.6 mg of magnesium stearate.
  • the ingredients were thoroughly mixed and pressed in a Manesty press with a 3/16 inch round punch using a pressure head of 1 1 / 2 tons.
  • a semipermeable wall of 5 mg was formed by blending 80% cellulose acetate having an acetyl content of 39.0%, 10% sorbitol and 5% polyethylene glycol 400.
  • the solution was spray coated onto the core compartment with a solvent consisting of 714 ml of acetone and 186 ml of water in an air suspension machine.
  • the coated osmotic tablet was dried for 72 hours at 50°C.
  • a 0.2 mm orifice was hand drilled into the wall.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Wirkstoff-Verabreichungssystem (40) zur oralen Verabreichung diskreter Einheiten (44) einer Wirkstoffformulierung unter Beimischung eines Fluids, wobei das System umfasst:
    eine hohle Kammer (42; 132) für die Wirkstoffformulierung, wobei die Kammer ein erstes Ende (46) und ein zweites Ende (50; 130) hat und eine Wirkstoffformulierung (44) enthält, wobei die Enden (42, 50; 130) dazu geeignet sind, während der Verabreichung der Wirkstoffformulierung Fluid durchzulassen, und
    eine Fluid durchlassende und die Wirkstoffformulierung zurückhaltende Rückhaltevorrichtung (54), um die Freisetzung der diskreten Einheiten aus dem ersten Ende (46) der Kammer zu verhindern, während der Eintritt von Fluid in die Kammer gestattet wird,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wirkstoffformulierung in Form einer Vielzahl von diskreten Einheiten vorliegt, dass das erste Ende das distale Ende des Systems und das zweite Ende das proximale Ende des Systems ist, dass die Fluid durchlassende und die Wirkstoffformulierung zurückhaltende Rückhaltevorrichtung (54) eine Restriktion der Querschnittsfläche der Formulierungskammer (42; 132) an dem ersten Ende (46) umfasst und dass jede der diskreten Einheiten (44) einen Durchmesser hat, der größer als die Restriktion ist, um das Austreten der diskreten Einheiten (44) aus dem ersten Ende (46) zu verhindern, wobei die Formulierungskammer derart konfiguriert ist, dass beim Einsetzen des ersten Endes (46) in ein Fluid und beim Nippen an dem zweiten Ende (50; 130) die diskreten Einheiten aus dem zweiten Ende (50; 130) unter Beimischung des Fluids abgegeben werden.
  2. Wirkstoff-Verabreichungssystem zur oralen Wirkstoffverabreichung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kammer (42; 132) für die Formulierung an dem ersten Ende (46) gebördelt ist, um die Restriktion auszubilden.
  3. Verabreichungssystem nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, ferner umfassend eine den Wirkstoff zurückhaltende Rückhaltevorrichtung (52; 134) in dem zweiten Ende (50; 130) der Wirkstoffformulierungskammer (42; 132), um die Freisetzung der Wirkstoffformulierung aus dem zweiten Ende (50; 130) vor dem Gebrauch zu verhindern.
  4. Verabreichungssystem nach Anspruch 1, wobei die diskreten Einheiten aus der Gruppe ausgewählt werden, die aus Partikeln, oralen Verabreichungsformen und Kombinationen derselben besteht.
  5. Verabreichungssystem nach Anspruch 4, wobei die diskreten Einheiten eine Verabreichung des Wirkstoffes in der Formulierung über einen längeren Zeitraum vorsehen.
  6. Verabreichungssystem nach Anspruch 4, wobei die diskreten Einheiten eine sofortige Abgabe des Wirkstoffes in der Formulierung vorsehen.
  7. Verabreichungssystem nach Anspruch 4, wobei die diskreten Einheiten eine verzögerte intermittierende Abgabe des Wirkstoffes in der Formulierung vorsehen.
  8. Verabreichungssystem nach Anspruch 4, wobei die diskreten Einheiten orale Verabreichungsformen umfassen, die eine osmotische Schicht und eine Wirkstoffschicht enthalten.
  9. Verabreichungssystem nach Anspruch 1, ferner umfassend eine Stirnkappe, die das erste Ende (46) der Kammer konzentrisch umgibt.
  10. Verabreichungssystem nach Anspruch 3, wobei die die Wirkstoffformulierung zurückhaltende Rückhaltevorrichtung (52; 134) in dem zweiten Ende (50; 130) der Kammer ein Drehventil enthält.
  11. Verabreichungssystem nach Anspruch 3, wobei die die Wirkstoffformutierung zurückhaltende Rückhaltevorrichtung (52; 134) in dem zweiten Ende (50; 130) der Kammer eine Engstelle in dem zweiten Ende (50; 130) der Kammer umfasst.
  12. Verabreichungssystem nach Anspruch 2, wobei die die Wirkstoffformulierung zurückhaltende Rückhaltevorrichtung (52; 134) in dem zweiten Ende (50; 130) der Kammer eine abnehmbare Stirnkappe enthält.
  13. Verabreichungssystem nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Wirkstoffformulierung einen Wirkstoff enthält, der aus der Gruppe ausgewählt wird, die aus Antibiotika, Antivirenmitteln, Antiepileptika, Analgetika, Antiphlogistika und Bronchodilatatoren besteht.
EP00200063A 1995-07-21 1996-07-17 Eine Vorrichtung zum Verabreichen von oralen Wirkstoffen Expired - Lifetime EP0988850B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US583544 1990-09-17
US131995P 1995-07-21 1995-07-21
US131995 1995-07-21
US58254496A 1996-01-03 1996-01-03
EP96924555A EP0840591B1 (de) 1995-07-21 1996-07-17 Vorrichtung zur oralen verabreichung von diskreten einheiten

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96924555A Division EP0840591B1 (de) 1995-07-21 1996-07-17 Vorrichtung zur oralen verabreichung von diskreten einheiten

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0988850A2 EP0988850A2 (de) 2000-03-29
EP0988850A3 EP0988850A3 (de) 2000-05-17
EP0988850B1 true EP0988850B1 (de) 2004-09-22

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96924555A Expired - Lifetime EP0840591B1 (de) 1995-07-21 1996-07-17 Vorrichtung zur oralen verabreichung von diskreten einheiten
EP00200063A Expired - Lifetime EP0988850B1 (de) 1995-07-21 1996-07-17 Eine Vorrichtung zum Verabreichen von oralen Wirkstoffen

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96924555A Expired - Lifetime EP0840591B1 (de) 1995-07-21 1996-07-17 Vorrichtung zur oralen verabreichung von diskreten einheiten

Country Status (16)

Country Link
EP (2) EP0840591B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3818664B2 (de)
KR (1) KR100449538B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1113640C (de)
AT (1) ATE199638T1 (de)
AU (1) AU713120B2 (de)
BR (1) BR9609696A (de)
CA (1) CA2226267C (de)
DE (1) DE69612098T2 (de)
DK (2) DK0840591T3 (de)
ES (2) ES2154829T3 (de)
GR (1) GR3035850T3 (de)
NZ (2) NZ313010A (de)
PT (1) PT840591E (de)
TW (1) TW347339B (de)
WO (1) WO1997003634A1 (de)

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US9017749B2 (en) 2011-12-21 2015-04-28 Babatope Sewande Ayeni Flavored straw with a flavor delivery system

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EP0936894B1 (de) * 1996-10-18 2001-09-12 ALZA Corporation Austragevorrichtung für aktive wirkstoffe
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DE202011104802U1 (de) * 2011-08-20 2012-01-26 Christian Kober Strohhalm zur Messung schädlicher Stoffe bzw. von Partydrogen in Getränken
DE202012005997U1 (de) 2012-06-20 2012-07-18 Claus Linder Gefäß für Getränke und Flüssigkeiten jeglicher Art zur Messung schädlicher Stoffe bzw. Rauschgift und Partydrogen in Getränken
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GB201401516D0 (en) * 2014-01-29 2014-03-12 Unistraw Holdings Pte Ltd Drinking straw with piercing end
USD767931S1 (en) 2013-09-12 2016-10-04 Unistraw Holdings Pte. Ltd. Beverage straw end with a beak
CN105030004B (zh) * 2015-05-06 2017-01-04 曹杨 一种储物式吸管
CN109843226B (zh) 2017-02-24 2022-05-17 波顿医疗公司 用于径向收缩支架移植物的递送系统和使用方法
WO2021062987A1 (zh) * 2019-09-30 2021-04-08 上海汉都医药科技有限公司 固体口服制剂的药物容置装置及含其的口服给药递送装置
ZA202405911B (en) * 2024-07-31 2025-04-30 Brian Lesley Levy A device to assist a user to ingest medication

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CN1113640C (zh) 2003-07-09
EP0840591B1 (de) 2001-03-14
WO1997003634A1 (en) 1997-02-06
DK0988850T3 (da) 2005-01-24
JP3818664B2 (ja) 2006-09-06
ATE199638T1 (de) 2001-03-15
DE69612098D1 (de) 2001-04-19
CA2226267C (en) 2008-01-22
DE69612098T2 (de) 2001-06-21
CA2226267A1 (en) 1997-02-06
JPH11510066A (ja) 1999-09-07
DK0840591T3 (da) 2001-04-17
ES2228398T3 (es) 2005-04-16
ES2154829T3 (es) 2001-04-16
KR100449538B1 (ko) 2004-12-17
CN1191476A (zh) 1998-08-26
EP0840591A1 (de) 1998-05-13
EP0988850A2 (de) 2000-03-29
NZ333997A (en) 1999-03-29
EP0988850A3 (de) 2000-05-17
TW347339B (en) 1998-12-11
AU6498096A (en) 1997-02-18
PT840591E (pt) 2001-06-29
GR3035850T3 (en) 2001-08-31
KR19990028664A (ko) 1999-04-15
BR9609696A (pt) 1999-03-23
AU713120B2 (en) 1999-11-25
NZ313010A (en) 1999-03-29
HK1015671A1 (en) 1999-10-22

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