Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
  • A62C35/02—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance
  • A62C35/023—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance the extinguishing material being expelled by compressed gas, taken from storage tanks, or by generating a pressure gas

Definitions

• the invention relates to a pulse extinguisher of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.
• a pulse extinguisher of the type described at the outset has become known, with which preselected quantities of extinguishing water, for example 1 1 to 30 1, are suddenly expelled from a pipe under a pressure generated by compressed air of, for example, 25 bar.
• the extinguishing water or other extinguishing agent is thereby distributed very finely, as a result of which a considerable increase in the surface area of the extinguishing agent and, as a result, considerable extinguishing agent savings are achieved.
• the pulse extinguisher can be operated inexpensively because the pressure can be generated, for example, with the compressed air from a conventional compressed air bottle carried with the pulse extinguisher, in particular a breathing protection bottle.
• the extinguishing agent is expelled by the spontaneous expansion of a medium, here compressed air, and thus essentially depends on the difference in the pressures in the compressed air bottle or in the tube receiving the extinguishing agent.
• a medium here compressed air
• the achievable throwing distance is limited by the pressure with which the compressed air can usually be filled into a compressed air bottle
• the total amount of extinguishing agent that can be applied to the fire material largely depends on the capacity of the individual compressed air bottles and on the number of compressed air bottles available at the location of the fire.
• both the pressure and the available amount of compressed air are limited, so that an increase in performance can only be achieved with the help of a powerful compressor.
• the carrying of such compressors is generally undesirable for reasons of weight and space, in particular if they have to be transported to the fire site by means of a fire engine or the like.
• the invention has for its object the pulse extinguisher of the beginning designated genus so that the throwing distances and extinguishable amounts are largely independent of the pressure and the available amount of a pressurized medium.
• the pulse extinguisher according to the invention combines the advantages of the devices working with an explosive (DE 195 00 477 Cl) with those of the known pulse extinguishers.
• the pyrotechnic, explosive pressure build-up instead of compressed air results in faster firing sequences and longer throw distances, so that the pulse extinguisher according to the invention is suitable both for large fires and for preventing reignitions. It also enables effective fire fighting that saves extinguishing agents, shorter firefighting times, less contamination of extinguishing water, a reduction in polluting pollutants and a reduction in building damage.
• a combination of a muzzle flap and a closing mechanism which is preferably additionally present, can ensure that the tube remains securely closed when the fire extinguishing agent is reloaded and that it can therefore be loaded with high pressure.
• FIG. 1 shows a side view of a first embodiment of a pulse extinguisher according to the invention for an extinguishing agent
• FIG. 2 shows a top view of the pulse extinguisher according to FIG. 1;
• Fig. 3 is a front view of the pulse cancellation device of Fig. 1;
• FIG. 4 shows a partial section along the line IV-IV of FIG. 1 with the omission of a hose line; 5 shows a longitudinal section through the rear end of a tube of the pulse extinguisher in a greatly enlarged illustration compared to FIG. 1;
• FIG. 6 shows a check valve of the pulse extinguisher according to FIG. 1 in a large magnification
• FIG. 7 shows a section along the line VH-VH of FIG. 1 through an opening end of a tube of the pulse extinguisher
• FIG. 8 and 9 are schematic representations of the operating states within a tube of the pulse extinguisher according to FIG. 1 when filled with an explosive propellant or when the propellant is blown out explosively;
• FIG. 10 shows a schematic illustration of a second embodiment of the pulse extinguishing device according to the invention.
• a pulse extinguisher according to the invention according to a first variant, which is currently regarded as the best, contains a tube, for example cylindrical tube 1, which is intended for receiving and temporarily storing an extinguishing agent, in particular water.
• the tube 1 is in a central part with at least one for Filling with extinguishing agent provided connection 2 and has at its one, as a mouth or discharge opening for the extinguishing agent, a front end attached to the tube 1 housing 3 with a circular, rectangular or square cross section, for example.
• a device 4 mounted at the other, rear end of the pipe 1 is used to eject the extinguishing agent from the pipe 1.
• the pipe end inserted plug 6 is formed and is used to hold a partially indicated cartridge 7, which with a propellant or Gun or explosive is filled and preferably provided with a detonator or the like at its rear end.
• the device 4 contains an ignition mechanism 8, which, for example, has a firing pin 9 which is designed analogously to handguns or the like and can be struck against the firing fuse of the cartridge 7 by means of a spring 10 and through an opening in the bottom of the closure piece 6 to detonate the explosive in it.
• the explosive consists, for example, of a known NC (cellulose nitrate) powder, as is used, for example, for the cartridges of machine guns.
• the tube 1 is slidably mounted in a brake cylinder 12, which at its ends has an inwardly projecting end wall 13, 14 with a through-opening which has an inner cross-section corresponding essentially to the outer cross-section of the tube 1.
• the tube 1 is provided on its outer jacket with a flange 15 which comes close to the brake cylinder jacket, with an as between the flange 15 and the rear end wall 14
• Compression spring trained spring 16 is supported, the tube 1 forward, i.e. 5 biased to the right until it rests with its flange 15 on the front end wall of the brake cylinder 12.
• An annular space between the pipe 1 and the brake cylinder 12 is filled with a brake fluid 17, in particular a hydraulic oil.
• the tube 1 is hermetically sealed in the end walls 13 and 14 of the brake cylinder 12 by means of suitable and only schematically indicated seals 18.
• the brake cylinder 12 is provided on its outer jacket with two bearing pins 19, by means of which the tube 1 is pivotally mounted in a fork-shaped mount 20 (FIGS. 1 and 3).
• the mount 20 is in turn supported by means of a swivel joint 21 on a base frame 22, which has a mounting flange 23 on its underside. This serves the purpose of mounting the entire pulse extinguisher, for example on the roof of a tank fire truck.
• connecting pieces 24 (FIG. 4) are fastened, which can be connected by means of a hose line 25 (FIGS. 1 and 2) or the like to the two connections 2 of the pipe 1 which are present in the individual case, here two .
• the connecting pieces 24 are connected in terms of flow to a line 26 (FIG. 4), which is expediently mounted coaxially to the axis of rotation of the swivel joint 21 in the base frame 22 and ends below the mounting flange 23 so that it can be accommodated, for example, with a conventional supply line accommodated in the fire engine or the like for the extinguishing agent can be connected.
• the connections 2, the connecting pieces 24 and the lines 25, 26 are expediently provided with the connection fittings customary in fire-fighting vehicles.
• the axis of rotation of the swivel joint 21 is arranged substantially vertically in the assembled state of the pulse extinguisher, while the pivot axis of the bearing pins 19 is arranged essentially horizontally. This makes it possible to turn the tube 1 on the one hand preferably by 360 ° about the vertical axis and on the other hand e.g. swivel in a range of -15 ° to + 75 ° around the horizontal axis.
• the extinguishing agent connection 2 is preferably provided with a check valve.
• the extinguishing agent connection 2 contains a housing 28 inserted into the tube 1 with a valve seat 29 and a valve body 31, which is preferably designed as a compression spring 30 against the valve seat 29 and thus biased into the closed position.
• the spring force of the spring 30 is preferably selected such that the valve body 31 only lifts off the valve seat 29 and thus opens the connection 2 when the pressure of the extinguishing agent in the line 25 (FIGS. 1 to 4) has a preselected value of, for example Exceeds 1.5 bar. This can e.g. be advantageous to ensure proper functioning of the fire extinguishing centrifugal pump.
• the housing 3 on the tube end facing away from the receptacle 5 serves for the pivotable mounting of an orifice flap 34 (FIGS. 3 and 7) which, in the exemplary embodiment, consists of two wings 34a, 34b pivotably mounted on the tube 1 or in the housing 3 by means of hinges 33 7, which are shown in FIG. 7 with solid lines in their position sealing the tube end and with dashed lines in an open position in which they abut two stop walls 35 of the housing 3.
• an orifice flap 34 FIG. 7
• the mouth flap 34 and its two wings 34a, 34b are each biased by a spring 36, which is designed, for example, as a cylindrical helical spring (torsion spring), into its closed position, in which it rests on an end wall 38 provided with a passage 37 for the medium of the housing 3. Therefore, the mouth flap 34 is automatically closed up to an extinguishing agent pressure in the pipe 1 predetermined by the springs 36, while it opens automatically when this pressure is exceeded.
• a spring 36 which is designed, for example, as a cylindrical helical spring (torsion spring)
• the muzzle flap 34 is assigned a closing mechanism 39 according to the invention, which keeps the muzzle flap 34 closed up to a preselected pressure and can be adjusted so that the muzzle flap 34 only at one Exactly specified extinguishing agent pressure in pipe 1 opens.
• This locking mechanism 39 can be designed as such, but it is preferably controlled electrically or electromagnetically, e.g. the muzzle flap is made of a ferromagnetic material and the portion of the housing having the passage 37 is wrapped with a winding 40 forming an electromagnet or by e.g. 38 individual electromagnets assigned to the wings 34a, 34b are mounted on the end wall.
• the electromagnetic force is selected so that it, at least in connection with the force of the springs 36, is greater than the charge pressure of the extinguishing agent in the tube 1, and therefore also greater than that
• connection 2 is connected via the hose lines 25 and line 26 to a fire extinguishing centrifugal pump usually present in the vehicle.
• the connection 2 or the line 26 can also be connected to any other device suitable for supplying an extinguishing agent, in particular water, and having a pump or the like.
• closure piece 6 is connected sufficiently tightly to the tube 1 when the cartridge 7 is inserted (FIG. 5), for which purpose between the closure piece 6 and the ignition mechanism 8 there is an additional closing wall 43 which also acts on the inserted cartridge 7 (Fig. 5) can be provided, which in this case is provided with an opening 44 aligned with the opening in the bottom of the closure piece 6.
• the firing pin 9 (FIG. 5), which can be triggered, for example, analogously to a handgun with a trigger, the detonator of the cartridge 7 is now ignited, as a result of which the propellant contained therein is brought to an explosion.
• the extinguishing agent 41 located in the pipe 1 is abruptly closed by the check valve located in the connection 2 by the automatically opening on the other pipe end located mouth flap 34, wherein it by pivoting the tube 1st around the bearing pin 19 or rotation of the tube 1 with the swivel joint 21 can be aimed specifically at the source of the fire.
• the extinguishing agent 41 reaches the source of the fire in finely atomized form, so that the combination of extinguishing agent 41 and the pressure wave generated by it results in a high extinguishing effect.
• the orifice flap 34 automatically closes again under the influence of the springs 36 (FIG. 7) and due to the decreasing pressure in the pipe 1, whereupon the next filling process and then another firing is initiated can be.
• the locking mechanism 39 (FIG.
• a new cartridge 7 can be inserted into the receptacle 5 (FIG. 5) by hand, for example by analogous to loading a rifle or a cannon, the closing wall 43, not shown, including the ignition mechanism 8, which is arranged behind the breech 6, is opened or removed, the used cartridge 7 is removed, a new cartridge 7 is inserted and the closing wall 43 is closed again.
• the closing wall 43 must be closable in such a way that it cannot open even when the cartridge 7 is ignited.
• the device 4 FIGS. 1 and 2) with an automatically operating loading device, which has a schematically indicated magazine 46 and enables the cartridges 7 to be replaced at high speed.
• Charging devices of this type which can also have an integrated ignition mechanism if required, are generally known in numerous weapon systems and can be used analogously in the pulse extinguisher described. By using such loading devices that work at high speed, the shot sequence that can be achieved is practically only dependent on the time interval that is required for filling the pipe 1 with extinguishing agent.
• the described pulse extinguishing device When using a cartridge 7, for example with 0.05 kg of propellant powder NC A 3502 is filled, the described pulse extinguishing device achieves an explosion energy of approx. 3.5 Kj / kg, which has a maximum gas force of approx. 1500 bar and a water ejection speed of approx 180 m / s. The entire ejection cycle takes place within a time span of approx. 10 to 20 m / s, so that correspondingly rapid firing sequences can be achieved.
• the brake cylinder 12 shown schematically in FIG. 5 serves to introduce the recoil forces into the base frame 22 (FIG. 1) or via its mounting flange 23 into the fire truck.
• the brake cylinder 12 brakes the tube 1, which is accelerated backwards when the cartridge 7 is fired, to a standstill, the braking taking place in particular by the fact that the liquid 18 in the brake cylinder 12 during the return through the narrow annular gap between the flange 15 of the tube 1 and the Brake cylinder jacket (Fig. 5) must be pressed, while the spring 16 is tensioned. After completion of the braking process, the advance spring 16 returns the tube 1 to its initial position.
• the tube 1 preferably has an internal cross section which initially widens from the receptacle 5 in the direction of the mouth flap 34 to a maximum value.
• the resulting, e.g. beginning at the receptacle 5, in the case of a cylindrical tube 1 essentially conical extension 47 serves the purpose of limiting the extension angle a in such a way that no detachment phenomena occur within the explosion wave, which could prevent the extinguishing agent from being completely expelled from the tube 1.
• the expansive angle o can be determined from flow theory using the Reynolds number and the permissible critical angle.
• the pulse extinguishing device described is thus based on the knowledge that, unlike in the prior art, the extinguishing agent can be fired like a projectile with a device which is designed for this purpose in a manner similar to, for example, a rifle or a cannon, in that the firing of the Extinguishing agent provided tube 1 to prevent leakage of the extinguishing agent during the loading process, until each shot is hermetically sealed at each end.
• the individual in the Cartridges 7 existing propellants, the amounts of propellant and the achievable explosion energies are to be measured in individual cases on the basis of the volume of the tube 1 and on the desired throwing distances.
• a gaseous or liquid propellant or explosive e.g. an acetylene / oxygen mixture or gasoline.
• a tube 51 analogous to FIG. 5, is designed like a diffuser at its rear end and provided with an opening 52 at its bottom.
• a device 53 intended for ejecting an extinguishing agent under pressure is provided, which has a receptacle 54 in the form of a pressure container connected to the pipe 51 via the opening 52.
• the receptacle 54 has a connection 55, which is connected via a line 56 to a metering device 57, which in turn via lines 58, 59, each with a storage container 60, 61 for a gas, e.g. Acetylene or oxygen, is connected.
• the metering device 57 serves the purpose of mixing the gases in the storage containers 60, 61 in a ratio that is suitable for the shock wave to be generated in the pipe 51 in the individual case.
• the device 53 also has a control module 62, which is connected via a line 63, 64 to the metering device 57 and an ignition mechanism 65, which here is e.g. contains a spark plug designed analogously to internal combustion or explosion engines and is inserted into a wall of the pressure vessel 54.
• the control module 62 can be a manually controllable component or also e.g. act as a usual personal computer (PC) or the like.
• the embodiment according to FIG. 10 can be operated, for example, in the manner described below.
• the tube 51 is provided with a connection 67 corresponding to the connection 2 according to FIGS. 1 to 9, in order to be able to fill it with an extinguishing agent 68, for example water.
• the extinguishing agent 68 is the same as that described first Exemplary embodiment supplied with a conventional centrifugal pump. In contrast to the first exemplary embodiment, however, the extinguishing agent 68 is supplied continuously, while the extinguishing agent 68 is in turn impulsed.
• the ignition mechanism 65 is ignited by the control module 62 at preselected intervals and the gas or gas mixture in the pressure vessel 54 is thereby caused to explode.
• a pressure wave 69 arises, which axially expels the extinguishing agent 68 from the tube 51 at high speed, so that it reaches the source of the fire in finely atomized form.
• the tube 51 After each ejection or shot, on the one hand the tube 51 begins to fill again with the extinguishing agent 68, while at the same time, under the control of the control module 62, the pressure vessel 54 is filled again with the gas or gas mixture.
• the extinguishing agent 68 by introducing the extinguishing agent 68 into the tube 51 obliquely or parallel to the tube axis, the extinguishing agent is also achieved between two shots at high speed and therefore in a largely linear jet 71 from the discharge opening of the Pipe 51 flows out, the jet 71 allows a comparatively large throw and the pipe 51 can therefore be used between two shots like a normal water cannon.
• This has the advantage that the extinguishing agent 68 reaches the source of the fire alternately in a highly atomized form or in a conventional jet, and therefore there is no pause for extinguishing agent between two shots.
• the inflow Speed or the supply pressure of the extinguishing agent and the cross sections of the tube 51 and the connection 67 are coordinated with one another in such a way that the desired effect according to FIG. 12 or 13 results in the individual case.
• the extinguishing agent in the embodiment according to FIG Connection 67 attached, designed in the manner of a pipe bend, nozzle 72 (FIG.
• shut-off element 74 in particular a controllable shut-off element 74, as shown for example in FIG. 10.
• the shut-off element 74 here consists of a slide which is displaceably guided in the tube wall and perpendicular to the tube axis and which closes the tube cross section in a closed position shown in dashed lines, on the other hand releases the tube cross section in an open position shown in solid lines.
• a schematically indicated locking mechanism 75, z. B. contains a motor-controlled crank, a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder / piston arrangement, a solenoid or the like a line 76 is connected to the control module 62. This makes it possible, on the one hand, to control the shut-off element 74 after a shot of extinguishing agent has been fired and before the introduction of the explosive into the pressure vessel 54 under the control of the control module 62 into the dashed position closing the pipe cross section, in order to mix the explosive with the extinguishing agent to avoid.
• the shut-off element 74 Before firing an extinguishing agent shot and shortly before actuation of the ignition mechanism 65, the shut-off element 74 is moved into the position releasing the pipe cross-section, so that the shock wave arising during the explosion can now penetrate the pipe 51 unhindered.
• the arrangement is preferably such that the shut-off element 74 is completely retracted into the tube wall in the open position and is therefore not exposed to the action of the shock waves.
• shut-off element 77 according to FIGS. 14 and 15 can also be used with particular advantage for the purpose described.
• the shut-off member 77 consists of a rotating body 78 which is rotatable in the bearing pin 79
• the lateral surface of a cylindrical pipe socket 80 connecting the pipe 51 to the pressure vessel 54 is mounted.
• One of the bearing journals 79 is connected to a schematically illustrated locking mechanism 81, for example a drive motor, in particular an electric stepping motor, and can be rotated by it about an axis 82 arranged perpendicular to the tube axis.
• the rotating body 78 contains a passage 83, the cross section of which essentially corresponds to the inner cross section of the pipe socket 80.
• the rotating body 78 is designed such that it blocks the passage 84 formed by the pipe socket 80 when it is in a closed position according to FIG. 14. On the other hand, if the rotating body 78 is in an open position according to FIG.
• the closing mechanism 81 can, like the closing mechanism 75 19 are under the control of the control module 62.
• a major advantage of the embodiment according to FIGS. 14 and 15 is, however, that the shut-off element 77 can be set in a continuous rotation about the axis 82 and thereby alternately opens or blocks the passage 84.
• the ignition mechanism 65 (FIG. 10) is controlled in this case so that the explosion occurs whenever the shut-off element 77 is currently in the open position according to FIG. 15.
• the invention has numerous advantages. A particular advantage is that the throwing range of the extinguishing agent can largely be preselected by the choice of the explosive used.
• the throwing distance can also be changed individually by setting the mixing ratio of, for example, an acetylene / oxygen mixture.
• a given amount of explosives is suitable for far more extinguishing agent shots than this applies to a corresponding amount of compressed air, because only very small amounts of explosive are required to generate the required shock wave by explosion.
• the shut-off device 77 described with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15 has the advantage that it can also be used instead of the mouth flap 34 (FIG. 7). In this case, it is only necessary to insert the shut-off element 77 analogously to FIGS.
• shut-off element 74 could also be provided instead of the mouth flap 34.
• the pipe 1 could additionally be provided with a vent valve which, while charging the air in the pipe 1, does not allow any extinguishing agent to escape. It would also be possible to provide ignition devices other than those described, in particular those that operate electrically. Furthermore, it is possible to assign electric motors or the like to the swivel joint 21 and the tube 1 or the brake cylinder 12 in such a way that the rotation or pivoting of the tube 1 can be carried out automatically.
• the locking mechanism 39, 75 and 81 described can also be modified in a variety of ways. Although its design as an adhesive closure (Fig. 7), lifting device (Fig. 10) or motor (Fig.

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Emergency Management (AREA)
• Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
• Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
• Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
• Amplifiers (AREA)
• Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=7808326

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Families Citing this family (5)

Family Cites Families (5)

• 1996
  • 1996-10-10 DE DE19641711A patent/DE19641711A1/de not_active Ceased
• 1997
  • 1997-10-09 WO PCT/DE1997/002315 patent/WO1998015321A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 1997-10-09 AT AT97913091T patent/ATE213963T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1997-10-09 DE DE59706582T patent/DE59706582D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1997-10-09 ES ES97913091T patent/ES2174235T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1997-10-09 EP EP97913091A patent/EP0993322B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events