EP1004131A2 - Element fusible pour installations electriques - Google Patents

Element fusible pour installations electriques

Info

Publication number
EP1004131A2
EP1004131A2 EP98942631A EP98942631A EP1004131A2 EP 1004131 A2 EP1004131 A2 EP 1004131A2 EP 98942631 A EP98942631 A EP 98942631A EP 98942631 A EP98942631 A EP 98942631A EP 1004131 A2 EP1004131 A2 EP 1004131A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuse
reaction
current
fuse element
reaction element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98942631A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rainer Mäckel
H. Wolfgang GRÜNINGER
Thomas Schulz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mercedes Benz Group AG
Original Assignee
DaimlerChrysler AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DaimlerChrysler AG filed Critical DaimlerChrysler AG
Publication of EP1004131A2 publication Critical patent/EP1004131A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/055—Fusible members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for DC applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/46—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the protective device
    • H01H2085/466—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the protective device with remote controlled forced fusing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/055—Fusible members
    • H01H85/06—Fusible members characterised by the fusible material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/46—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the protective device

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuse element for electrical systems, in particular for vehicles.
  • Fuses are used in particular in motor vehicles to protect electrical lines. Fusing with fuses has the disadvantage that optimal fuses cannot be achieved with these fuses.
  • the electrical current through the fuse is measured and a thyristor is connected in parallel with the line to be protected, which can be switched on in the event of an overcurrent. As soon as a threshold value is exceeded, the thyristor switches on and generates an additional, high overcurrent in the fuse, which should trigger the fuse.
  • the disadvantage of this arrangement is that large thyristors with nominal currents of a few hundred amperes or multiple thyristors must be used in parallel for large fuse values with high nominal tripping currents. It is not ensured that the necessary nominal currents for triggering the corresponding thyristors can be applied by a battery in a vehicle.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a fuse which has a defined tripping current and which is also suitable for high tripping nominal currents.
  • the invention consists in that the securing element has a fuse element which is at least partially formed by a reaction element in which an ignition signal leads to an exothermic reaction in which the melting temperature of the reaction element and / or the fuse element is at least locally exceeded.
  • the reaction element preferably has aluminum and / or nickel and / or iron.
  • the reaction element preferably consists of a welding foil, which consists of a layer sequence of a plurality of alternately arranged, very thin metal foils.
  • the advantage here is that a reaction of the metal foils to one another can be triggered by an ignition signal, the welding foil melting and permanently interrupting the circuit very quickly.
  • a preferred embodiment is that the reaction element is formed at least in regions by a fine-grain powder.
  • the heating element can preferably be switched on in a controlled manner in that an ignition signal can be triggered as a function of undesired operating states in the vehicle electrical system and / or a vehicle.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment consists in connecting the securing element to a control unit for controlling the ignition pulses. This makes it possible to simulate different characteristics and also different nominal tripping currents with the same fuse element, so that the triggering curve of the fuse element can be changed dynamically.
  • fuses consist of a defined shaped electrical conductor with a defined resistance.
  • the current is used to heat the conductor, preferably in a specially prepared area, hereinafter referred to as the fusible conductor, and, depending on the fuse type, reaches its melting point between 420 ° C and over 1000 ° C.
  • the melting of the fuse leads to an interruption in the circuit.
  • a tin pill is often applied to the fuse element, which melts above 230 ° C. and enters into a reaction with the fuse element material, which results in a lowering of the melting point of the fuse element.
  • a fuse element according to the invention has a fusible conductor which at least partially consists of a material which carries out a self-sustaining exothermic reaction as soon as this is triggered by an ignition pulse.
  • An advantage of the solution according to the invention is that the requirements for the original securing element with regard to design tolerances can be reduced.
  • a great advantage of the invention is the possibility of simulating different characteristics and / or different nominal tripping currents with the same fuse element.
  • the triggering time of the safety element can advantageously be changed dynamically by a suitable intelligent control unit. This has the favorable consequence that the same securing element can be used for different loads on an electrical conductor, particularly in the case of different vehicles or vehicle variants. This makes it possible to operate different vehicles with a relatively uniform electrical see protective equipment, which simplifies production and brings cost advantages.
  • fuse elements according to the invention can preferably be controlled via multiple switches.
  • a preferred exothermic reaction element consists in particular of a welding foil, which triggers a strongly exothermic reaction through the action of an ignition pulse and reaches very high temperatures in a very short time.
  • the welding foil preferably consists of a series of very thin metal foils, in particular aluminum and nickel foils and / or iron foils, which are alternately stacked on top of one another.
  • a typical layer thickness of the individual foils is in the range from a few atomic layers to 100 atomic layers.
  • the metal foil constituents react with each other and typically heat up from 25 ° C to over 1000 ° C in a few milliseconds.
  • reaction elements can surround the fusible conductor, in particular a powdery reaction material can surround the fusible conductor in a capsule or be arranged adjacent to the fusible conductor in a capsule.
  • the grain size of the powder is preferably in the submicron range.
  • a preferred ignition method is to apply a transistor or a current surge from a capacitor to the reaction element.
  • a further preferred ignition method is to apply the reaction element by means of optical excitation, in particular with ultraviolet radiation, and / or external thermal heating. It is sufficient to heat the reaction element locally in order to start the reaction there.
  • Another suitable ignition method is to subject the reaction element to an ignition spark from a battery or an arc.
  • a battery 1 in an on-board electrical system supplies a consumer 10.
  • a fuse element is arranged between the battery 1 and the consumer 10, which has a consumer-side connection 3, a battery-side connection 2 and an intermediate fuse element 12.
  • the fuse element is formed entirely from the reaction element.
  • the fuse element 12 is connected to a component 7, in particular to the drain connection of a MOSFET which is connected to ground on the source side.
  • the component 7 is connected to the reaction element 12 via a contact point 13 designed as a control connection.
  • the component 7, which is controlled as a function of a fault can, depending on the ignition method used, also comprise a capacitor, a heat source, a battery, a high-voltage element or a light source, which provide or switch the triggering energy in the event of a fault.
  • the current in a line 11 can be determined, which leads from the fuse element 2, 3, 12 to the consumer 10.
  • a triggering curve of the securing element is stored in the evaluation unit 8. In the simplest case, this can be a threshold value and / or a current / time behavior of the fuse element.
  • unit 8 switches component 7 on, so that a start or ignition pulse is generated and the reaction element, which acts as a fusible conductor, ignites. This heats up very quickly due to the exothermic heating of its material and melts, as a result of which the circuit is interrupted safely and in a short time.
  • the MOSFET used as a switch in the event of a fault, is controlled by the trigger unit 8 in the conductive state, so that in addition a short-circuit current flows to the fault current through the fuse element 2, 3, 12 to ground, and the additional heating of the fuse element 12 which is triggered in this way initiates its exothermic self-destruction.
  • the evaluation unit 8 can also be controlled by an impact sensor which, in the event of an accident in the vehicle equipped with it, e.g. fuse element 2, 3, 12 or other fuse elements used as the main fuse.
  • an impact sensor which, in the event of an accident in the vehicle equipped with it, e.g. fuse element 2, 3, 12 or other fuse elements used as the main fuse.

Landscapes

  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément fusible destiné à un circuit, notamment dans des véhicules, comportant un fusible qui, lors d'une charge électrique excédant le courant nominal, coupe durablement le circuit, ainsi qu'un procédé pour actionner cet élément fusible.
EP98942631A 1997-08-16 1998-07-25 Element fusible pour installations electriques Withdrawn EP1004131A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1997135552 DE19735552A1 (de) 1997-08-16 1997-08-16 Sicherungselement für elektrische Anlagen
DE19735552 1997-08-16
PCT/EP1998/004683 WO1999009575A2 (fr) 1997-08-16 1998-07-25 Element fusible pour installations electriques

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1004131A2 true EP1004131A2 (fr) 2000-05-31

Family

ID=7839169

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98942631A Withdrawn EP1004131A2 (fr) 1997-08-16 1998-07-25 Element fusible pour installations electriques

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1004131A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2001516126A (fr)
DE (1) DE19735552A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999009575A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH11250790A (ja) 1998-03-03 1999-09-17 Yazaki Corp 強制溶断ヒューズおよび電流遮断装置
JPH11329189A (ja) * 1998-03-12 1999-11-30 Yazaki Corp 電流遮断装置
JP2000260281A (ja) * 1999-03-10 2000-09-22 Yazaki Corp 回路遮断装置
JP3568817B2 (ja) 1999-03-10 2004-09-22 矢崎総業株式会社 回路遮断装置
JP2001006518A (ja) * 1999-04-23 2001-01-12 Sony Chem Corp 過電流保護装置
DE29913555U1 (de) 1999-08-03 1999-12-23 Wilhelm Pudenz GmbH, 27243 Dünsen Elektrische Sicherung
DE10049071B4 (de) * 2000-10-02 2004-12-16 Micronas Gmbh Sicherungsvorrichtung für einen Stromkreis insbesondere in Kraftfahrzeugen
DE10245393A1 (de) * 2002-09-28 2004-04-08 Wickmann-Werke Gmbh Mittels Lichtbogen selbst-konfigurierendes Bauelement
DE10328184B3 (de) * 2003-06-24 2004-11-18 Martin Klose Vorrichtung mit integrierter Hochstrom-Schmelzsicherung zum Spannungsfreischalten von Starterbatterien
DE102005036174A1 (de) * 2005-08-02 2007-02-15 Daimlerchrysler Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Auslösung von Batterieabtrennungen in Kraftfahrzeugen
DE102006021256A1 (de) 2006-04-28 2007-11-08 Danfoss Compressors Gmbh Motorstartschaltkreis
DE102006034499A1 (de) 2006-07-19 2008-01-31 Danfoss Compressors Gmbh Motorstartschaltkreis
DE102006053524B4 (de) 2006-11-07 2011-05-26 Danfoss Flensburg Gmbh Motorstartschaltkreis
US7969275B2 (en) * 2007-11-14 2011-06-28 Enerdel, Inc. Fuse assembly with integrated current sensing
JP5646214B2 (ja) * 2010-05-27 2014-12-24 三洋電機株式会社 電源装置
JPWO2014109067A1 (ja) * 2013-01-08 2017-01-19 日立オートモティブシステムズ阪神株式会社 内燃機関用点火装置

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1952799A1 (de) * 1969-10-20 1971-04-29 Gv Trudogowo Nautschhno I T I Schaltungsanordnung zur Messung und Registrierung der Daten von Schwingungssignalen
US3958206A (en) * 1975-06-12 1976-05-18 General Electric Company Chemically augmented electrical fuse
US4107758A (en) * 1977-05-16 1978-08-15 Sprague Electric Company Fused oil filled capacitor
GB8426109D0 (en) * 1984-10-16 1984-11-21 Brush Fusegear Ltd Electrical fuse
US5208575A (en) * 1992-01-10 1993-05-04 General Electric Company Apparatus for coordinated triggering of chemically augmented electrical fuses
CA2085727C (fr) * 1992-01-15 2005-08-02 Radhakrishnan Ranjan Appareil servant a griller des fusibles electriques comportant une matiere a reaction exothermique

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9909575A3 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19735552A1 (de) 1999-02-18
WO1999009575A3 (fr) 1999-05-27
JP2001516126A (ja) 2001-09-25
WO1999009575A2 (fr) 1999-02-25

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