EP1009892A2 - Element structurel a coques metalliques renforcees par des plaques de renfort - Google Patents

Element structurel a coques metalliques renforcees par des plaques de renfort

Info

Publication number
EP1009892A2
EP1009892A2 EP98935368A EP98935368A EP1009892A2 EP 1009892 A2 EP1009892 A2 EP 1009892A2 EP 98935368 A EP98935368 A EP 98935368A EP 98935368 A EP98935368 A EP 98935368A EP 1009892 A2 EP1009892 A2 EP 1009892A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
structural member
reinforcing plate
threaded
member according
metal shells
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98935368A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Joong Shik Kim
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1009892A2 publication Critical patent/EP1009892A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/30—Columns; Pillars; Struts
    • E04C3/34—Columns; Pillars; Struts of concrete other stone-like material, with or without permanent form elements, with or without internal or external reinforcement, e.g. metal coverings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/41—Connecting devices specially adapted for embedding in concrete or masonry
    • E04B1/4114—Elements with sockets
    • E04B1/4121—Elements with sockets with internal threads or non-adjustable captive nuts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/20—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0408—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section
    • E04C2003/0413—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section being built up from several parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0426—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section
    • E04C2003/043—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section the hollow cross-section comprising at least one enclosed cavity
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0443—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section
    • E04C2003/0447—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section circular- or oval-shaped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0443—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section
    • E04C2003/0465—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section square- or rectangular-shaped

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a structural member with an elongated hollow thin metal shell filled with a filler; and, more particularly, to a novel structural member provided with a reinforcing plate attached to an inner wall of the elongated hollow thin metal shell to improve the tensile strength thereof.
  • a structural member such as a pillar, column, post, pole, beam and the like is made of lumber, concrete, metal or their composites according to its intended use .
  • a structural member made of concrete has been widely used in the construction field because of its high compressive strength and economy. Also, it has a further advantage that it can be easily made in various shapes by designing diverse molds.
  • Such concrete columns and posts are not normally suitable for use in decorative articles due to their rough surface characteristics and non-aesthetic appearance. Accordingly, additional finishing elements made of lumber and/or metal plates are required to refurbish the crude surfaces of the concrete members in order to employ them for sophisticated purposes.
  • hollow metal structural members made of, e.g., aluminum, aluminum alloys, stainless steel, zinc plated steel, special steel, copper or copper alloys are increasingly employed in various structural members such as supporting columns, connecting bars, ornamental poles and the like because of their appealing appearance, high corrosive resistance and easy workability.
  • a relatively greater thickness is required to withstand a given load, thereby entailing a high material/manufacturing cost.
  • the reinforcing end pieces disclosed in the above patents may be embedded in the concrete filler, thereby preventing both ends of the shell from being deformed in the process of injecting concrete mortar into the shell and preventing both end portions of the structural member from rupturing or breaking during the transportation or construction thereof.
  • One of the major shortcomings of the prior structural members is that they are essentially capable of supporting small to medium loads only. In other words, in situations where they are required to support large loads, especially large tensile loads such as bridge balustrades, building, erection and the like, they cannot be used.
  • a structural member comprising : an elongated hollow case including at least two thin metal shells, each side end of the metal shells having an inwardly bent flange along its entire length and the bent flanges facing each other to form the elongated hollow case ; a reinforcing plate attached to an inner surface of each of the metal shells; and a filler moulded into the hollow case.
  • Fig. 1 shows an exploded perspective view, with a filler of concrete removed for the sake of clarity, of a structural member having a reinforcing plate in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 exemplifies a perspective view for explaining stresses applied to the structural member of Fig. 1 ;
  • Figs. 3A to 3E are perspective views for illustrating various variations of the reinforcing plate and for showing directions of the applied stresses;
  • Fig. 4 presents a sectional view taken along I-I line in Fig. 3D;
  • Fig. 5 demonstrates a perspective view of the reinforcing plate with cut-out portions only;
  • Fig. 6 indicates an exploded perspective view, with a filler of concrete removed for the sake of clarity, of a structural member incorporating therein a connecting means with a reinforcing plate and a thin metal shell in accordance with a second preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 7 provides a sectional view showing how the structural member shown in Fig. 6 is assembled;
  • Fig. 8 depicts a view similar to that of Fig. 6 with a connecting means slightly different from that shown in Fig. 6;
  • Fig. 9 represents a sectional view showing how the structural member shown in Fig. 8 is assembled;
  • Fig. 10 offers an exploded perspective view of another reinforcing end piece of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 11 describes a sectional view showing the details of the structural member of Fig. 10;
  • Fig. 12 illustrates a partially cut out perspective view of the structural member, with concrete moulded into the hollow shell of Fig. 10, employing the reinforcing end piece of Fig. 10;
  • Fig. 13 sets forth a sectional view taken along line
  • Fig. 14 displays an exploded perspective view showing a further embodiment of the reinforcing end piece of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 15 gives an exploded perspective view showing a still another embodiment of the reinforcing end piece of
  • Fig . 1 ; and Fig. 16 employs an exploded perspective, with a filler of concrete removed for the sake of clarity, of a circular structural member having a circular reinforcing plate in accordance with a third preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the structural member 100 comprises an elongated hollow case 110 having a pair of thin shells 112, a pair of reinforcing end pieces 120 inserted into both ends of the case 110, and a pair of reinforcing plates 130 attached to an inner wall of each of the elongated shells 112, respectively.
  • the case 110 is filled with a filler 140 (Fig. 2), e.g., concrete mortar.
  • the thin shell 112 may be made of metal such as stainless steel, aluminum, copper or their respective alloys.
  • Each side end of the metal shells 112 along its entire length is provided with an inwardly bent flange 114 to allow the hollow case 110 to be formed by facing the flanges 114.
  • ribs are formed in the case along its entire length, the ribs further increasing the contact areas between the filler 140 and the case 110. The ribs will function as the anchors for the filler 140.
  • the reinforcing end pieces 120 are provided with a through-hole 122 through which the filler 140 is injected into the case 110, a stepped portion 124 formed around an upper portion thereof for preventing the reinforcing end pieces 120 from being excessively inserted into the case 110 and a pair of slit portions 126 formed at both sides thereof, respectively, to thereby allow the ribs of the case 110 to be slid therealong, allowing the reinforcing end pieces 120 to be tightly engaged with the case 110.
  • the reinforcing plate 130 is made of a metal, layers of fibrous material selected from the group consisting of carbon fiber, aramid fiber and glass fiber, or a combination thereof, i.e., a combination of the metal and fiber layers.
  • the reinforcing plate 130 is attached to the inner wall of the metal shell 112 by means of an adhesive such as epoxy resin, soldering or spot welding to improve the tensile strength of the structural member 100.
  • the reinforcing plate 130 may be further provided with a pair of projections 132 formed by inwardly bending each side end thereof along its entire length in order to increase the contact area between the reinforcing plate 130 and the filler 140.
  • the projections 132 function as the anchor for the filler 140.
  • the structural member When a load W is applied, as shown in Fig. 2, on the inventive structural member, the structural member is subjected to three types of stresses; a compressive stress on upper portion of the structural member as indicated by arrows A, a tensile stress on a lower portion thereof as indicated by arrows B and a shear stress on a side portion thereof as indicated by arrows C.
  • the strength of the structural member is associated with its ability to withstand, i.e., absorb or relieve, the stresses applied thereon.
  • the reinforcing plate 130 attached on the inner walls of the case 110 absorbs or relieves the tensile stress built in the structural member as shown in Fig. 3A.
  • the projection 132 on each end of the reinforcing plate 130 along its length enhances the tensile and the shear strengths of the structural member 100 by functioning as the additional anchoring means for the filler as shown in Fig. 3B.
  • the reinforcing plate 130 may be provided with at least one cut-out portion 131 and an appropriate number of projections 133 formed on a side of the cut-out portions 131 of the reinforcing plate 130 as shown in Figs. 3C to 3E.
  • an adhesive 138 such as epoxy resin
  • the cut-out portions 131 get filled with the adhesive 138, the adhesive filling the cut-out portions 131 functioning as an additional means for absorbing the tensile stress and the shear stress.
  • the number and the location of cut-out portions 131 and the projections 133 are determined by the tensile strength desired.
  • the reinforcing plate 130 may be simply provided with a plurality of cut-out portions 134 having any particular shape, as shown in Fig. 5, the adhesive filling the cut-out portions 134 serving to absorb the tensile stress, thereby increasing the tensile strength of the structural member 100.
  • Figs. 6 and 7 there is shown a structural member capable of connecting other objects thereto in accordance with a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the structural member 200 includes an elongated hollow case 210 including at least two thin metal shells 212, each of the metal shells 212 having an aperture 216, and a reinforcing plate 230 attached to an inner surface of each of the metal shells 212 and having an aperture 234 corresponding to the aperture 216 of the each of the thin metal shells 212.
  • Other structural members can be connected to the inventive structural member
  • connection means 250 may include, for example, a threaded bolt 252 having a threaded groove 253 and fastened through the apertures 216 and 234, a nut 256 fastened to the threaded bolt 252, and a bolt 254 fastened to the threaded groove 253 to be used to connect the structural member to other objects.
  • An end portion of the threaded bolt projecting inwardly from the reinforcing plate may further function as the anchor of the filler 140.
  • FIGs. 8 and 9 a structural member employing another connecting means in which a connecting member 258 is provided with a threaded groove 259 to be adapted to fasten the threaded bolt 252 instead of the nut 256 as shown in Figs. 6 and 7.
  • Figs. 10 and 11 another reinforcing end piece which is similar to that of Fig. 1.
  • the reinforcing end piece 220 includes not only the through-hole 122, the stepped portion 124 and the slit portions 126 of the reinforcing end piece 120 as shown in Fig.
  • a coupling member 170 having a cylindrical portion 172 at one end thereof to be inserted into the inserting hole 226 and a stopper portion 174 at the other end for preventing the coupling member 170 from being completely inserted into the inserting hole 226.
  • the cylindrical portion 172 and the stopper portion 174 are provided with a threaded groove 176, respectively.
  • a cylindrical bolt 262 is threaded into the stopper portion 174 to thereby anchor the filler 140 as shown in Fig.
  • a bolt 260 is threaded through a bracket (not shown) mounted in a base (not shown) into the cylindrical portion 172 to thereby prevent the threaded groove 176 from being plugged during the filling of the filler 140 as shown in Fig. 12.
  • the bolt 260 is removed and the threaded groove 176 can be used in connecting the structural member to other objects by using a suitable connecting means.
  • FIG. 14 there is shown another modified reinforcing end piece of the present invention.
  • the reinforcing end piece 320 as shown in Fig. 14 is similar to that of Fig. 1 except that a pair of threaded- holes 326 are integrally provided at side walls of the reinforcing end piece 120 of Fig. 1, respectively, the side wall being away from a slit portion 126.
  • the cylindrical bolt 262 and the bolt 260 of Figs. 10 and 11 are threaded to the threaded-holes 326.
  • the reinforcing end piece 420 as shown in Fig. 15 is a combination of the same shown in Figs. 10 and 11 with the same shown in Fig. 14 except that a pair of threaded-holes 326, instead of the pair of the inserting holes 226 into which the coupling member 170 is inserted, are employed.
  • Fig. 16 illustrates a structural member in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • this structural member 300 comprises a circular elongated hollow case 400 including three circular thin metal shells 430, a circular reinforcing plate 410 attached to an inner surface of each of the metal shells 430 by using an adhesive such as epoxy resin, soldering, and spot welding, and a pair of circular reinforcing end pieces 440 engaged with an end portion of the case 400.
  • Each side end of the metal shells 430 along its entire length is provided with an inwardly bent flange 420 to allow the hollow case 400 to be formed by facing the flanges 420.
  • the circular reinforcing end piece 440 is provided with three slit portions 442 to allow the bent flanges 420 of each of the metal shells 430 facing each other to be slid therealong.
  • the structural member of the present invention is of a rectangular shape or a circular shape, it is not limited to these shapes and may have various configurations, e.g., a pentagonal shape, a hexagonal shape, etc.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Standing Axle, Rod, Or Tube Structures Coupled By Welding, Adhesion, Or Deposition (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un élément structurel consistant en une enveloppe allongée creuse comportant: au moins deux coques métalliques minces comportant chacune un flasque sur toute leur longueur, lesdits flasques se faisant face pour former l'enveloppe creuse; au moins une pièce de renfort s'engageant dans l'une des extrémités de l'enveloppe; un remplissage moulé dans l'enveloppe; et des plaques de renfort fixées par un adhésif tel qu'une résine époxyde à la surface intérieure de chacune des coques minces pour améliorer la contrainte de rupture de l'élément structurel. Chacune des plaques de renfort présente par ailleurs au moins une découpe et d'un nombre approprié de parties saillant sur le côté de la découpe. L'adhésif remplissant les découpes est un moyen supplémentaire d'amélioration de la contrainte de rupture de l'élément structurel.
EP98935368A 1997-07-21 1998-07-20 Element structurel a coques metalliques renforcees par des plaques de renfort Withdrawn EP1009892A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1019970033982A KR19990011043A (ko) 1997-07-21 1997-07-21 금속피복 콘크리트부재
KR9733982 1997-07-21
PCT/KR1998/000217 WO1999005380A2 (fr) 1997-07-21 1998-07-20 Element structurel a coques metalliques renforcees par des plaques de renfort

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1009892A2 true EP1009892A2 (fr) 2000-06-21

Family

ID=19515131

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98935368A Withdrawn EP1009892A2 (fr) 1997-07-21 1998-07-20 Element structurel a coques metalliques renforcees par des plaques de renfort

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1009892A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2001511492A (fr)
KR (2) KR19990011043A (fr)
CN (1) CN1125910C (fr)
AU (1) AU8464498A (fr)
CA (1) CA2297015A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2212506C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999005380A2 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TW420969B (en) * 2000-01-28 2001-02-01 Metal Ind Redearch & Dev Ct Method of producing thin metal case with joint element
DE10046947C2 (de) 2000-09-21 2002-11-28 Tegometall International Ag Le Träger
KR100457173B1 (ko) * 2001-12-12 2004-11-16 (주)부림종합건축사사무소 건축용 골조
RU2319816C2 (ru) * 2006-04-17 2008-03-20 Закрытое Акционерное Общество "Эксергия" (ЗАО "Эксергия") Колонна
EP2336445A1 (fr) * 2009-12-21 2011-06-22 Cobiax Technologies AG Elément à demi-coquille destiné à la fabrication d'un corps creux
KR101403984B1 (ko) * 2012-08-08 2014-06-20 (주) 에스코엔지니어링 측방향 연장부가 구비된 ㅍ자형 기둥부재 구조
CN104964875B (zh) * 2015-06-08 2017-09-29 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 3d打印构件层间粘结强度的测试结构及测试方法
CN106703289A (zh) * 2015-07-14 2017-05-24 张引强 房屋框架及其横梁
WO2017149462A1 (fr) * 2016-03-02 2017-09-08 Soluciones E Innovaciones Estructurales S.A.S. Profilés et chemises collaborants en tôle formés à froid pour systèmes de poteaux en béton armé
CN105971195A (zh) * 2016-06-07 2016-09-28 广西大学 一种新型外包铝合金t形截面混凝土组合梁
TWI608148B (zh) * 2016-12-22 2017-12-11 Tai You Liu Light steel building structure
JP6306762B1 (ja) * 2017-02-14 2018-04-04 劉泰佑 軽量鉄骨の建物構造
CN109339338B (zh) * 2018-09-28 2021-04-06 浙江大学宁波理工学院 方形钢柱的加固结构
KR102572275B1 (ko) * 2021-03-11 2023-08-28 김용태 빔 장착 브라켓, 빔 장착 브라켓 설치방법
GB2632693A (en) * 2023-08-17 2025-02-19 Bullivant Simon Foundation Beam and Foundation Assembly

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US3810337A (en) * 1970-10-28 1974-05-14 S Pollard An elongated stressed structural member
US3858374A (en) * 1973-10-09 1975-01-07 Int Environmental Dynamics Triaxially prestressed polygonal concrete members
BE821235R (fr) * 1973-10-26 1975-02-17 Caissons en acier et leur utilisation en vue de l'execution de poteaux ou de pieux mixtes acier-beton.
DE2931162A1 (de) * 1979-08-01 1981-02-05 Hudo Werk Kg Als hohle, mit beton ausgiessbare saeule ausgebildetes bauelement
US5457929A (en) * 1989-11-02 1995-10-17 Kim; Joong S. Structural member with a metal shell
US5263297A (en) * 1989-11-02 1993-11-23 Kim Joong S Structural member with a metal shell
SU1744215A1 (ru) * 1990-09-11 1992-06-30 Грузинский политехнический институт Строительный элемент

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO9905380A2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR19990011043A (ko) 1999-02-18
CN1267348A (zh) 2000-09-20
CA2297015A1 (fr) 1999-02-04
KR100514209B1 (ko) 2005-11-30
JP2001511492A (ja) 2001-08-14
RU2212506C2 (ru) 2003-09-20
CN1125910C (zh) 2003-10-29
KR19990014015A (ko) 1999-02-25
AU8464498A (en) 1999-02-16
WO1999005380A3 (fr) 2000-02-10
WO1999005380A2 (fr) 1999-02-04

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