EP1015665A1 - Appareil pour electrolyse - Google Patents

Appareil pour electrolyse

Info

Publication number
EP1015665A1
EP1015665A1 EP98948931A EP98948931A EP1015665A1 EP 1015665 A1 EP1015665 A1 EP 1015665A1 EP 98948931 A EP98948931 A EP 98948931A EP 98948931 A EP98948931 A EP 98948931A EP 1015665 A1 EP1015665 A1 EP 1015665A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrolysis
housing
cell
internals
hydrophobic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98948931A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1015665B1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Borucinski
Jürgen Gegner
Karl-Heinz Dulle
Martin Wollny
Carola Schneider
Horst-Michael Prasser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
Original Assignee
Krupp Uhde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Krupp Uhde GmbH filed Critical Krupp Uhde GmbH
Publication of EP1015665A1 publication Critical patent/EP1015665A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1015665B1 publication Critical patent/EP1015665B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/01—Electrolytic cells characterised by shape or form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrolysis apparatus for carrying out electrochemical processes with at least one plate-shaped electrolysis cell which has a housing, the housing having devices for supplying the electrolysis current and the electrolysis input materials and devices for discharging the electrolysis current and the electrolysis products, and an anode and cathode, the anode and the cathode is separated from one another by a partition and is electrically conductively connected to the respectively assigned rear wall of the housing.
  • Such an electrolysis apparatus with a plurality of plate-shaped electrolysis cells arranged side by side in a stack and in electrical contact, each with its own housing, is known, for example, from EP 0 189 535 B1 by the applicant.
  • This electrolysis device is used to produce chlorine from aqueous alkali halide solution.
  • electrolysis devices are generally suitable for carrying out electrochemical reactions in which gases are developed, for example in chlor-alkali electrolysis, water electrolysis or hydrochloric acid electrolysis or in galvanic processes in which layers are to be deposited on support materials, in which gas formation frequently also takes place. for example the cathodic hydrogen evolution as a side reaction or as a reaction at the counter electrode.
  • electrolysers are used in the form of a hanging stack, but also electrolysers in the form of filter presses.
  • the cell fills more and more with foam from the cell head as the current density increases, as a result of which the circulation or mixing of the liquid, in particular in the foam area, is impeded more and more and finally comes to a complete standstill.
  • the foam causes a reduced mixing performance of the freshly entering electrolyte with that in the electrical existing electrolytes.
  • Foaming can also have different effects.
  • the amount of electrolyte in the cell volume concerned which decreases with increasing current density, causes an uneven concentration distribution, as a result of which the current density distribution is inhomogeneous in areas with high foam contents due to the increasing electrolyte resistance. This immediately results in a higher cell voltage.
  • the maximum current density due to the high gas content in the cell is just as limited as the service life of active cell components such as diaphragms, membranes or electrolyte catalysts to reduce overvoltages.
  • foam can lead to inadequate wetting of the diaphragm, which can cause the product gases in the cell to mix, for example in chlor-alkali electrolysis or alkaline water electrolysis, and explosive mixtures can arise.
  • membrane electrolysis processes the membrane is insufficiently wetted in foam zones, which means a shorter service life and, as a rule, a lower current efficiency.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a solution with which foam formation is prevented with the simplest possible means.
  • the hydrophobic internals have the effect of drastically reducing the gas contents in the electrochemical reactors, which means that the electrolyte volume in the reactor is increased. This increases the lifespan of the active parts of the reactors, such as electrodes, diaphragms or membranes, since the current density distribution is more homogeneous compared to reactors without such coalescence-enhancing internals.
  • Another positive effect is that the reactor volume can be reduced due to the hydrophobic internals. If there are high foam contents in electrochemical cells without hydrophobic internals, then a critical volume must not be undercut, otherwise the current density distribution even more inhomogeneous and the lifespan of active cell components becomes too short. This critical volume is smaller in electrolyses with hydrophobic internals that require coalescence. As a result of the decreasing use of materials, the investment costs for the electrolytic cell itself can be reduced and the space required for the electrochemical reactors can be minimized.
  • Another positive effect is that by reducing the foam content in the electrolytic cell pressure fluctuations are reduced, which have a life-reducing effect on a membrane or a diaphragm, since these pressure fluctuations lead to a mechanical load on these cell components.
  • This approach has the decisive disadvantage that only pressure fluctuations are minimized, all other advantages, such as, for example, the homogenization of the current density and an associated extension of the lifespan of active cell components, are not affected, since the actual problem, foam formation in the electroactive area, remains unchanged remains.
  • the use of hydrophobic internals has the advantage that the voltage characteristic improves. The specific see reduced energy requirements of the process, which usually accounts for the largest proportion of product costs.
  • the hydrophobic internals are arranged in the region of the formation of the primary bubbles.
  • the internals are fundamentally integrated in the electrolysis cell, and these can be arranged both between the electrode and the membrane or the diaphragm behind the electrode or in the rear space of the electrode. It is only essential that the developed gas comes into contact with the hydrophobic internals immediately after their formation, the optimal state being reached when the concentration of the hydrophobic internals at the point of origin of the primary bubbles is particularly high.
  • the foam content in the anode compartment of a chlor-alkali electrolysis cell can be reduced by around 55% from 70 to 75% to below 20% at a current density of 7 kA / m z .
  • the hydrophobic internals are preferably designed in the form of screen fabrics, wire mesh, nets or packing elements.
  • the requirements for the material of the hydrophobic internals are chemical, mechanical and thermal resistance with regard to the temperatures, pressures and entering or formed media.
  • the hydrophobic internals in the electrolysis cell is as uniform as possible.
  • the largest possible free flow cross-section or a high degree of gaps should be maintained. Therefore, the internals should have a small volume of their own.
  • the proportion of empty space in the housing of the electrolytic cell is approximately between 60 to 98%.
  • the open screen area of the screen fabrics, wire mesh or nets is in the range from 30 to 80%.
  • Hydrophobic internals of this type can also be used in the gas / electrolyte separation devices connected downstream of the electrolytic cell. Since the essential separation already takes place in the cell itself, the dimensions of the apparatus can become smaller, which also reduces the investment costs and the space requirement.
  • internals influencing the flow are provided.
  • These internals can be designed, for example, as flow plates, one of which can be arranged, for example, in the upper region in order to improve the use of the partition, while in the lower region a flow plate can be arranged which, due to the sealing difference, has an internal circulation and thus a mixing of the Electrolytes. This improves the concentration for distribution in the respective chamber.
  • FIG. 1 shows a section through two electrolysis cells of an electrolysis apparatus arranged side by side
  • Fig. 2 to 4 different examples of hydrophobic internals in an electrolytic cell.
  • An electrolysis apparatus for carrying out electrochemical processes has a plurality of plate-shaped electrolysis cells 2 which are arranged next to one another in a stack and are in electrical contact, of which two such electrolysis cells 2 are shown arranged next to one another by way of example.
  • Each of these electrolysis cells 2 has a housing made of two half-shells len 3, 4, which are provided with flange-like edges, between each of which a partition (membrane or diaphragm) 6 is clamped by means of seals 5.
  • the partition 6 can optionally also be clamped in another way.
  • a plurality of contact strips 7 are arranged parallel to one another over the entire depth of the housing rear walls 4A of the respective electrolysis cell 2, which are attached or attached to the outside of the relevant housing rear wall 4A by welding or the like. These contact strips 7 establish electrical contact with the adjacent electrolytic cell 2, namely with the relevant rear wall 3A, on which no separate contact strip is provided.
  • a planar anode 8 and a planar cathode 9 are provided adjacent to the partition 6, the anode 8 and the cathode 9 each being connected to stiffeners arranged in alignment with the contact strip 7, which as webs or other connection are formed and are not shown for the sake of clarity. These webs simultaneously provide the electrical connection of the anode or cathode 8, 9 to the respective back of the house.
  • a suitable device for the respective electrolysis cell 2 is provided for supplying the electrolysis products; such a device is not shown in the drawings.
  • a device for removing the electrolysis products is also provided in each electrolysis cell, but this is also not indicated.
  • the electrodes (anode 8 and cathode 9) are designed in such a way that they flow or let the electrolysis input product or the output products flow freely, for which purpose slots or the like can be provided.
  • the stringing together of several plate-shaped electrolysis cells 2 takes place in a framework, the so-called cell framework.
  • the plate-shaped electrolytic cells are suspended between the two upper longitudinal beams of the cell frame so that their plate plane is perpendicular to the longitudinal beam axis. So that the plate-shaped electrolytic cells 2 can transmit their weight to the upper flange of the side member, they have a cantilever-like arm on each side of the upper plate edge or comparable holder.
  • the holder extends horizontally in the direction of the plate plane and protrudes beyond the edge of the flanges.
  • the lower edge of the cantilever-like holder lies on the upper flange.
  • the plate-shaped electrolysis cells 2 hang comparatively like files in a hanging file in the cell frame.
  • the plate surfaces of the electrolytic cells are in mechanical and electrical contact, as if they were stacked.
  • Electrolysers of this type are called suspended stack type electrolysers.
  • the electrolysis cells are suspended in the cell frame according to the filter press principle and pressed against one another by means of appropriate clamping devices.
  • the electrolytic cells 2 are each connected in an electrically conductive manner to adjacent electrolytic cells in a stack via the contact strips 7.
  • the current then flows from the contact strips 7 through the half-shells via webs or corrugated strips into the anode 8. If the partition 6 passes through, the current is taken up by the cathode 9 in order to flow via webs or corrugated strips into the other half-shell or its rear wall 3A and to pass into the contact strip 7 of the next cell. In this way, the electrolysis current passes through the entire electrolytic cell stack, being introduced on one outer cell and being discharged on the other outer cell.
  • hydrophobic internals are arranged in the housing of the respective electrolysis cell.
  • These hydrophobic internals can be designed, for example, in the form of screen fabrics, knitted wire mesh, nets or packing elements, as shown in detail in FIGS. 2 to 4.
  • These hydrophobic internals are indicated in FIGS. 2 to 4 and are generally designated by reference number 12 there.
  • hydrophobic internals 12 are preferably arranged in the anode chamber. They can have different geometrical designs, these are shown in detail in FIGS. 2 to 4.
  • too internals influencing the flow are also provided, as best shown in FIG. 1.
  • These internals can be usefully combined with the hydrophobic internals 12 according to the invention.
  • Two different flow plates are shown as examples.
  • a flow plate 13 is arranged in the upper region of the anode chamber, which improves the wetting of the partition 6, while a flow plate 14 is shown in the lower part of the anode chamber, which due to the density difference results in internal circulation and thus a mixing of the electrolyte. This improves the concentration distribution in the relevant chamber.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil pour électrolyse destiné à mettre en oeuvre des processus électrochimiques. Cet appareil comprend un boîtier comportant des dispositifs permettant d'acheminer le courant et les substances d'entrée d'électrolyse, ainsi que des dispositifs pour évacuer le courant et les produits d'électrolyse, de même qu'une anode et une cathode. L'anode et la cathode sont séparées l'une de l'autre par une paroi de séparation et sont interconnectées de manière électroconductrice par la paroi arrière du boîtier qui leur est associée dans chaque cas. L'invention vise à trouver une solution, à l'aide dudit appareil pour électrolyse, qui permette d'éviter la formation de mousse avec les moyens les plus simples possibles. A cet effet, il est prévu des éléments hydrophobes intégrés (12) dans le boîtier (3,4) de chaque cellule électrolytique (2), au moins dans une moitié de boîtier délimitée par la paroi arrière (6).
EP98948931A 1997-09-16 1998-09-09 Appareil pour electrolyse Expired - Lifetime EP1015665B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19740673 1997-09-16
DE19740673A DE19740673C2 (de) 1997-09-16 1997-09-16 Elektrolyseapparat
PCT/EP1998/005698 WO1999014402A1 (fr) 1997-09-16 1998-09-09 Appareil pour electrolyse

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1015665A1 true EP1015665A1 (fr) 2000-07-05
EP1015665B1 EP1015665B1 (fr) 2002-02-13

Family

ID=7842501

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98948931A Expired - Lifetime EP1015665B1 (fr) 1997-09-16 1998-09-09 Appareil pour electrolyse

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1015665B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4346235B2 (fr)
AR (1) AR010945A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU9537798A (fr)
DE (2) DE19740673C2 (fr)
JO (1) JO2044B1 (fr)
MA (1) MA24648A1 (fr)
TN (1) TNSN98172A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999014402A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10249508A1 (de) 2002-10-23 2004-05-06 Uhde Gmbh Elektrolysezelle mit Innenrinne
MY164560A (en) 2011-09-06 2018-01-15 British American Tobacco Investments Ltd Heating Smokeable Material
GB201217067D0 (en) 2012-09-25 2012-11-07 British American Tobacco Co Heating smokable material
GB201311620D0 (en) 2013-06-28 2013-08-14 British American Tobacco Co Devices Comprising a Heat Source Material and Activation Chambers for the Same
GB201500582D0 (en) 2015-01-14 2015-02-25 British American Tobacco Co Apparatus for heating or cooling a material contained therein
US20170055575A1 (en) 2015-08-31 2017-03-02 British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Material for use with apparatus for heating smokable material
US11924930B2 (en) 2015-08-31 2024-03-05 Nicoventures Trading Limited Article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material
US20170055584A1 (en) 2015-08-31 2017-03-02 British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material
US20170119046A1 (en) 2015-10-30 2017-05-04 British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Apparatus for Heating Smokable Material
US20170119047A1 (en) 2015-10-30 2017-05-04 British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Article for Use with Apparatus for Heating Smokable Material
CN121228257B (zh) * 2025-12-02 2026-05-01 华东理工大学 一种集成气液分离功能的管式电解槽和电解方法

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2455639A1 (fr) * 1979-05-04 1980-11-28 Creusot Loire Procede et dispositif de traitement du melange gaz-liquide issu d'un electrolyseur
FR2486414B1 (fr) * 1980-07-09 1985-09-27 Gaz De France Procede et dispositif pour la coalescence d'une phase finement dispersee d'un melange fluide
DE3501261A1 (de) * 1985-01-16 1986-07-17 Uhde Gmbh, 4600 Dortmund Elektrolyseapparat
US4950371A (en) * 1989-03-24 1990-08-21 United Technologies Corporation Electrochemical hydrogen separator system for zero gravity water electrolysis
DE4224492C1 (de) * 1992-07-24 1993-12-09 Uhde Gmbh Vorrichtung zum elektrolytischen Behandeln von Flüssigkeiten mit einer Anoden- und einer Kathodenkammer sowie deren Verwendung
JP3555197B2 (ja) * 1994-09-30 2004-08-18 旭硝子株式会社 複極型イオン交換膜電解槽

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9914402A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JO2044B1 (en) 1999-05-15
DE59803086D1 (de) 2002-03-21
MA24648A1 (fr) 1999-04-01
AR010945A1 (es) 2000-07-12
EP1015665B1 (fr) 2002-02-13
DE19740673A1 (de) 1999-03-18
JP2001516811A (ja) 2001-10-02
DE19740673C2 (de) 2001-10-31
WO1999014402A1 (fr) 1999-03-25
JP4346235B2 (ja) 2009-10-21
AU9537798A (en) 1999-04-05
TNSN98172A1 (fr) 2000-12-29

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