Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
  • H01J61/02—Details
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
  • H01J61/02—Details
  • H01J61/025—Associated optical elements
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
  • H01J61/02—Details
  • H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
  • H01J61/33—Special shape of cross-section, e.g. for producing cool spot

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a tube emitting electromagnetic radiation, made of a transparent non-fluorescent material, in particular based on glass or quartz, and having a rectilinear structure pierced from end to end with a bore elongated around an axis so to delimit a housing suitable for containing a filament or a plasma beam emitting radiation.
• the invention finds a particularly important, although not exclusive, application in the field of photochemical treatment of materials by ultraviolet radiation with emitting tubes containing an ionized gas, the pressure of which is a function of the concentration of plasma inside the tube.
• an ionized gas the pressure of which is a function of the concentration of plasma inside the tube.
• the sterilization field in the paper industry, in the textile industry, in the wood and plastic industry, in the industry food, automotive as well as in the printing field, in particular for the polymerization of inks or varnishes on films, for example constituted by widths as support in paper, cardboard material, even support in metallic material , such as aluminum, copper or steel strip, or even support in synthetic material such as plastic products, PVC, polyethylene or other, or even support in natural wood, recomposed or synthetic, even electronic circuits or 'any other support.
• Another application is in the field of infrared.
• the invention is not limited to the types of products to be treated. It can for example be used for the drying of products in plate, for the drying of certain varnishes and adhesives, for the drying of wired products elongated around an axis, or even for the sterilization of liquid products in sheet or column around of an axis.
• Glass tubes emitting ultraviolet or infrared radiation are already known, comprising a cylindrical bore.
• the primary radiations therefore do not have the same optimized trajectory, and consequently the same efficiency as the secondary radiations.
• Document US-A-3885181 describes a high-pressure sodium lighting lamp intended to emit lines in the visible range. It comprises a tubular discharge envelope, made of a polycrystalline material loaded with alumina. It has a non-circular section for an asymmetrical polar distribution of the light emitted by the lamp.
• the emissive source is diffuse from a light surface, and its plasma section is imposed by the internal geometry of the envelope.
• the radiating source is not point-like, and the lamp does not have a reflector or a transmitter / reflector monoblock. Such a lamp is used for public lighting, or signaling lights.
• Document US-A-2254962 relates to an optical device composed of a cylindrical lens having a central refractive surface, and a reflector with additional elliptical surfaces for reflection and same virtual focus refraction.
• the light source is distinct, and is housed in a semi-open notch, being dissociated from the reflector, which cannot restore all of the radiation.
• the walls of the notch are arranged so as to obtain in the lens, divergent fluxes on the passage of the dioptric planes formed by the edges delimiting the notch.
• Such a device does not constitute a monobloc transmitter / longitudinal reflector assembly capable of recovering 360 ° all of the radiation emitted.
• the present invention aims to provide a radiation emitting tube, a device and a method implementing such a tube, meeting better than those previously known the requirements of practice.
• a first object of the invention consists in producing a compact and space-saving tube, capable of rendering homogeneous, complementary, and in the same direction towards the irradiated product, the primary and -secondary radiations, to optimize the photochemical, photothermal radiant energy. and / or photoluminous, usable
• a second object of the invention consists in recovering all of the spatial radiation emitted by an electromagnetic emitter tube to increase the focusing and the energy efficiency.
• the invention is based on the idea of giving the bore a substantially square cross section or rectangular, at least two opposite sides of which have a cross section in the form of a convex curve, so as to obtain fluxes parallel to the passage of the dioptric planes formed by said sides.
• convex is meant here an inner convex curve, the apex of which is directed towards the axis of the bore.
• substantially square or rectangular he 'means a figure four sides placed in a square or rectangle, said sides being arcuate at large radii of curvature, that is to say for example R> 10 mm.
• the center of the plasma beam, or the irradiating filament is arranged to be at the center of the geometric optics of said dioptric surfaces.
• the convex dioptric surfaces of the bore modify the divergent radiating flux from the geometric center of the convex curves, to form a parallel, or substantially parallel, flux in the transparent solid medium, then parallel or even converging towards the plane to be irradiated, in combination with the dioptric exit surface of the tube and / or a surface reflecting the emitted radiation situated on the sides, on either side, for example symmetrically with respect to the axial plane of the bore.
• the tube according to the invention is characterized in that the bore is of cross section of substantially square or rectangular shape, at least two opposite sides of which are in the form of convex curves, said sides forming dioptric surfaces arranged to modify the direction of the rays. emitted from the filament or from the axis of the emitting beam to make them parallel or substantially parallel in the solid transparent medium of the glass.
• the subsequent treatment of radiation is considerably facilitated.
• the proliferation of radiation is also reduced, in particular allowing, in the case of focusing, an excellent power density and in the case of irradiation in parallel flux, a limitation of diverging radiation.
• the sides of the bore are respectively symmetrical with respect to the planes of symmetry of the square or of the rectangle, the direction of the radii being substantially parallel to that of a plane of symmetry of the square or of the rectangle of the bore.
• the present invention implements a • straight transmitter tube whose geometric center emission coincides with the focus of a corresponding reflector, also rectilinear and cross-section at least in part planar or substantially planar to treat flat surfaces, or of cross section at least partially parabolic reverse to focus the radiation, the generator at the top of the curve of the reflector being parallel to the axis coincident with the focal line, and the end edges straight or reverse parabolic portions being located below the axis of the bore, on the other side of the latter relative to said generator at the top.
• inverse parabola is understood to mean the reflection curve which transforms the parallel flux into a convergent flux focused on a line.
• the transmitters with ultraviolet, and / or visible, and / or infrared radiation of the invention more particularly described here are tubes comprising electrodes at very high temperature (above 1000 ° C.) called hot electrodes generating a plasma arc with continuous or discontinuous photonic emission.
• the electric arc generated by the two electrodes, respectively located on each side of the non-fluorescent transparent tube, generates a luminous cylinder of constant cross section generally formed by one or more metal iodides in the plasma state, or by xenon or a mercury / xenon mixture or other gases or rare earths
• the light cylinder has a total length consisting of the distance between the two electrodes, for example between a few mm for short arc transmitters and more generally between 30 mm and 2500 mm, or even several meters, for example ten or fifteen meters, and also has a section of the light zone with a high plasma concentration which is less than the internal section of the transparent tube which contains it.
• the plasma concentration promotes an electronic and gaseous plasma vacuum in the vicinity of the internal walls which slows down the heat transfer to the outside, resulting in colder envelope walls.
• the metal iodide (s) can come from pure metals or from alloys, namely, for example, pure mercury, pure iron, pure gallium, iron / cobalt
• the gas or gases used may be pure (for example xenon) or in the form of a mixture (for example mercury / xenon), subjected as it is known to frequencies other than 50 Hz, either alternating current, or pulsed current or not , of constant polarity and of variable intensity.
• the sides of the bore are arranged to form dioptric surfaces for, in combination with the dioptric exit surface of the tube or with a reflective surface associated with the dioptric exit surface of the tube, directing the radiation in parallel or convergent flux towards a surface or a line to be irradiated;
• the four sides of the bore are convex, for example the opposite sides being identical two by two;
• the convex shape of the internal walls of the bore is a portion of a circle whose radius of curvature is determined by a conventional calculation of the radius of curvature of thick biconvex lenses.
• the radius of the circle Ri with the value 10 mm is, for a distance from the opposite convex surfaces of 12.6 mm to focus the radiation at the virtual focus F ', at a distance of 50 mm from the external surface of the bottom wall .
• the tube comprises an upper external wall, called the upper face, of external surface arranged to return radiation toward the axis of the bore, said external wall being covered, with a reflective material to function in a form so-called radiation reverse.
• the external surface is symmetrical relative to the longitudinal axial plane of the bore, vertical or perpendicular to the plane to be irradiated, and for example in an arc of a circle or plane;
• the tube has a reflective surface integral with said tube; - It comprises a reflecting surface of the emitted radiations situated on one side of said tube, comprising two longitudinal lateral wings symmetrical with respect to an axial plane of the bore, the portion of dioptric or metallic reflecting surface of said lateral wings being part of a section area straight transverse or reverse parabolic, or even substantially straight or substantially parabolic reverse;
• the reflecting surface is formed at least in part by the internal faces of the wings, by dioptric refraction
• the reflecting surface is formed at least in part by a reflecting material;
• the tube has a lower external junction of the wings, located on the side opposite the generator at the top of the tube relative to the bore.
• the face is convex in the center and substantially straight at the ends, along a curve symmetrical with respect to the axial plane containing the generatrix at the top, so as to direct the rays emitted towards a line of focus situated on the irradiation plane.
• the generatrix is replaced by the line of intersection of the planar faces inscribing in a "Chinese hat" the upper edge of which is the said intersection line;
• the tube is symmetrical with respect to an axial plane of the bore parallel to the irradiation plane.
• the irradiation plane is generally a surface perpendicular to the longitudinal axial plane of symmetry of the tube;
• the external wall, or upper face, of the tube is partially cylindrical on the side of the generator at the top of the tube between the external faces of the lateral wings;
• the upper face of the tube is truncated, forming a flat outer face between the outer faces of the lateral wings;
• the tube is of substantially cylindrical shape and has two attached wings made of glass, symmetrical or not with respect to the axial plane of the bore perpendicular to the irradiation plane.
• the tube and the wings are joined for example simply in contact or glued with synthetic or ceramic glue, or welded by fusion of quartz, or else mechanically fixed with one another;
• -the bore is formed by four radially distributed glass quarters, joined by their ends and embedded in a peripheral glass cylinder or a cylindrical bore made in the tube;
• the tube comprises a second tube, cylindrical, internal to the bore capable of containing the plasma beam and / or containing an emitting filament; the space between the outer tube and the inner tube, whether joined to the outer tube or not, can be favorably used for the circulation of a gaseous or liquid cooling fluid;
• the second tube cylindrical, can be in contact with the generator at the top of the convex internal surfaces
• the second cylindrical tube may not be in contact with the convex internal surfaces insofar as the Archimedes thrust created by the internal space of the envelope bathing in a liquid medium is equal or substantially equal to the weight of the envelope, the second cylindrical tube, carried at its two ends, then self-centering over its entire length;
• the bore has an upper surface of concave cross section.
• the upper side of the cross section of the bore is concave, that is to say having a radius of curvature whose center is located on the side of the bore or the apex in the opposite direction to this one;
• the bore is arranged to contain an ionized gas normally under medium or high pressure, the radiation emitted being ultraviolet, and / or visible, and / or infrared radiation;
• medium or high pressure is meant absolute gas pressures greater than 2 kg / cm2 for example 3 kg / cm2 for medium pressure and greater than 5 kg / cm2 for high pressure, which can for example reach 15 kg / cm2 .
• the tube has electrode chambers with an internal section greater than or equal to the internal section of the radiating emitting part of the tube;
• the tube includes a filament emitting infrared radiation.
• a third object of the invention consists in making a transmitter / reflector device using one or more tubes as described above.
• the device comprises, located in the focal plane of concentration of the emitted radiation, a blade with parallel or substantially parallel lateral faces in the form of a funnel, comprising a dioptric surface for input of the radiation capable of transforming the convergent radiation received into a parallel flow. of radiation.
• the device comprises reflecting surfaces separated from the tube and constituted by reflective plates, which can advantageously be flat.
• a fourth object of the invention also relates to a method of applying radiation to a product in sheet form or arranged on a flat or curved surface. It consists in irradiating the product with an element (plasma beam or electric filament) emitting radiation and having a very weak cylindrical or substantially cylindrical sedtion, that is to say of diameter less than around 10 mm, by example of the order of 4 mm, of the order of 2 mm, or even up to 1 mm, or even 0.5 mm (by of the order of, should be understood ⁇ 1 mm and / or 10 to 15 %), centered in the bore of a straight glass tube, elongated around an axis, said bore being of cross section of substantially square or rectangular shape with at least two opposite sides in the form of convex curves, said sides forming dioptric surfaces arranged to modify the direction of the radiation emitted from the axis of the bore to make them parallel or substantially parallel in the solid transparent medium of the glass, before being deflected by metallic or dioptric reflecting surfaces worm
• the bore has four convex sides, the opposite sides being identical two by two.
• the emitting element is a plasma tubular beam of ultraviolet, and / or visible, and / or infrared photonic radiation.
• the plasma tubular bundle of ultraviolet radiation is of section having a maximum radial dimension less than or equal to of the order of 4 mm.
• the emitting element can be constituted by an electric filament, emitting infrared radiation.
• two irradiation planes located symmetrically on either side of said emitter tube are irradiated with the same tube.
• Figures 1 and 2 are cross-sectional views of two variants of a first embodiment of the emitter / reflector tube according to the invention, monobloc, having an upper face forming the reflecting surface and comprising two lateral portions having a parabolic section reverse or substantially parabolic reverse.
• Figures 3 and 4 are cross-sectional views of two other variants of the one-piece tube according to the invention with an upper portion of the truncated, flat tube covered with a reflective material.
• - Figure 5 shows another embodiment of the invention with a one-piece tube, of the head-to-tail type with respect to the axial plane of the bore parallel to the irradiation planes, and with two symmetrical virtual foci or not symmetrical, irradiated, and arranged at an angle of 180 °.
• FIG. 6 and 6A show cross-sectional views of two other embodiments of the tube according to the invention, provided with planar faces on either side of the bore.
• FIGS 7, 8 and 9 are cross-sectional views of other embodiments of the tube according to the invention, substantially cylindrical, without and with added wings, asymmetrically or symmetrically.
• FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a device comprising the tube of Figure 1 and a parallel flow straightening blade disposed at the focus, accompanied by partial views on a large scale showing two positions of the blade according to the focus .
• FIGS 11 and 12 are cross-sectional views of a variant of another embodiment of the tube according to the invention of Figure 1, comprising a second cylindrical tube emitting radiation internal to the bore of a tube either monobloc, or made up of four elements assembled to be similar to a monobloc, said second tube being able to be centered by contact with the generatrices of the four convex curves, or centered without contact.
• FIG. 13 and 14 are sectional views of another embodiment of the tube 1 according to the invention with bore comprising a concave upper face.
• FIGS. 15 and 15A show another embodiment of a tube according to the invention with a bore formed by four quarters in the form of biconvex longitudinal lenses, enclosed in a cylindrical tube.
• FIG. 16 is a sectional view of another variant of the tube according to the invention, of the type shown in Figures 1 and 2, the bore being formed by the assembly of biconvex lenses.
• FIGS 17 to 20 are schematic sectional views of several embodiments of a device according to the invention with a tube of substantially cylindrical shape and lateral reflecting walls dissociated from the tube, in planar shape or in cross-sectional portions reverse parabolic.
• Figures 1 and 2 show a tube 1 in cross section, straight glass, for example extruded quartz.
• the tube 1 is drilled end to end by a bore 2, for example obtained by spinning.
• the sides 4 form dioptric surfaces which modify the direction of the rays 5 emitted from the axis 3, or substantially from the axis 3, for example by the plasma beam or the infrared filament with an axis coincident with axis 3 and shown at 6 in the figures, to make them parallel or substantially parallel (5 'radiation) in the solid transparent medium 7 of the glass.
• the tube is closed at each end by plugs carrying electrodes (not shown), and contains an ionized gas, for example an iodide, or mercury, or xenon , or krypton, capable of emitting either ultraviolet or infrared radiation, or essentially in the visible light spectrum, when the tube is energized and that it creates a plasma arc between the electrodes, in a manner known in itself. even.
• an ionized gas for example an iodide, or mercury, or xenon , or krypton, capable of emitting either ultraviolet or infrared radiation, or essentially in the visible light spectrum, when the tube is energized and that it creates a plasma arc between the electrodes, in a manner known in itself. even.
• the surface 9 of the central portion 11 in cylindrical part C3, symmetrical with respect to the plane 12, is covered, for example by sputtering under vacuum or any other known means of a person skilled in the art allowing the adhesion to quartz, of a film 13 (in broken lines in FIG. 1) of a material reflecting ultraviolet (UV) emitted, for example consisting of a metallic layer of aluminum with a thickness of the order of a micron, for UV of wavelength from 100 nm to 500 nm, for example of 360 nm.
• UV ultraviolet
• the reflective layer of aluminum can advantageously be replaced by a reflective layer of gold or silver or enamel.
• the tube 1 closes on the other side of the portion 11 relative to the bore 2 by a solid wall 14, extending between the ends 15 of the solid lateral wings 16 formed by the sections of inverse parabola symmetrical with respect to the axial plane 12.
• the wall 14 has an external face 17, transparent to radiation, for the passage of rays 5 'emitted directly or rays 5 "reflected by the reverse parabola.
• the radiant energy (total or almost total) which irradiates from the source 10 of emission is constituted by the sum of two radiant energies, comprising the primary radiant energy, which irradiates directly into a closed prismatic space 18, angle at the top oc 'for example 7 °, and the
• limits are substantially the ends 19 of the lateral points 20 forming acute angles for example less than 40 °, for example between 35 ° and 10 °, of the bore 2, and the secondary radiant energy, which irradiates in a substantially parallel manner on the reflection curve of the reflector to be reflected there and return to the external face 17 of junction between the ends of the wings towards the product located in the irradiated plane 21 perpendicular to the axial plane 12,
• the invention therefore optimizes the yield
• the intensity radiated in any direction is equal to the product of the intensity radiated in the direction of the normal to the surface irradiated by the cosine of the angle that this direction makes with the normal to the irradiated plane (Lambert law).
• the external face 17 of FIGS. 1 and 2 is convex in the center along a curve Cl forming a portion of cylinder of radius RI and substantially straight C6 towards the ends, from or substantially from the point of the curve Cl situated in the extension of the radius passing through the end 19 of the lateral points 20 of the bore located on the side of the plane to be irradiated.
• the emitter / reflector device is a one-piece entity, made of extruded quartz glass material, of very high quality of transparency in the pass band from 180 nm to 2000 nm and with a very low level of fluorescence, in which the transmitter and its reflector are intimately linked, confused and inseparable.
• the other part, facing the irradiated product is transparent and arranged to direct all of the radiation emitted towards the product, so that all or most of the primary and secondary radiation, with parallel or substantially parallel flows perpendicularly to the irradiated product, according to Lambert's law, or in the direction of the axial plane 12 towards the focal point F ′ of the inverse parabola in the focused case.
• the geometric shape of the dioptric surfaces of the sides of the bore is designed with reference to the geometric focus of the device comprising a tube according to invention, hearth generally confused with the axis of the bore, which will therefore be called the focal axis below.
• any light point of the beam situated outside the focal axis, only partially responds to this mode of radial irradiation corresponding to the design of the dioptric surfaces. Only the radiations emitted in the plane passing through the focal axis correspond to this conception.
• FIG. 2 shows a tube 1, comprising a bore 2 and a cross section similar to those described with reference to FIG. 1. Only the angle of incidence / reflection of the rays 5, ⁇ l ⁇ 2 x 42 ° is different here, requiring covering the external surface 9 with a reflective layer 13, for example obtained by metallization of the entire curve reflection represented in broken lines by C3 and C5.
• dioptric curve C6 of the external face 17 of the bottom wall 14, unlike that of FIG. 1, is here at all points perpendicular to the secondary rays 5 'which pass through it (therefore the radiation is not deflected) ) to find with the primary radiation crossing the curve Cl, the virtual focus F '.
• Figure 3 shows a variant of Figure 2 with the upper face 8 'of the tube truncated by a flat horizontal surface C3 covered with a reflective film 13', shown in broken lines.
• the rays 5 pass through the transparent solid medium 7, in strictly parallel flow, and meet a dioptric reflection curve C5 in reverse parabola in which the angles of incidence / reflection of the rays 5 are such that oc 3>o2>oci> 2- X 42 °.
• the metallic reflection curve C3 of planar shape responds to the inverse light image.
• the limiting angle oc h of refraction taken here equal to 42 ° is a function of the wavelength used.
• the secondary radiant energy coming from the inscribed angle ⁇ is added to the primary radiant energy inscribed in the angle of re-emission of the radiations towards the focal point F 'inside which the rays are all directed towards the plane 21 located at the front of the transmitter / reflector.
• FIG. 5 shows a monoblock transmitter / reflector tube 22 called "head-to-tail" with two opposite irradiated virtual focal points and arranged at an angle of 180 °, F 'and F' ', characterized in that the reflected radiation 5' does not pass again never through the plasma focus.
• the tube comprises two wings 23 symmetrical with respect to the axial planes 24 and 25 perpendicular, and has on either side an external face 26 of the type described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 and two reflecting surfaces 27 and 28 in shape portion of symmetrical inverse parabola, forming an obtuse angle between them 2.
• the rays 5 here pass through the transparent solid medium 32 with strictly parallel flow.
• the tube 30 has an upper external face 33 comprising two surfaces 34 symmetrical with respect to the axial plane 35 perpendicular to the irradiated plane 36, of dioptric reflection, plane, inclined at 45 ° relative to the axial plane 35 in which ocl is equal to 90 ° (therefore> 2 x 42 °).
• the upper face of the tube also comprises a rectangular, flat central part 37, covered with a reflective layer 38 with an inverse image, the lower face 39 being flat, rectangular and parallel to the face 37 and to the plane 36 to be irradiated.
• This type of embodiment of the monoblock transmitter / reflector allows irradiation by primary and secondary radiation fully restored perpendicularly or substantially perpendicularly to the irradiated plane 36.
• the curve C3 of the central part 37 is identical to that of FIG. 3 covered with a reflective material.
• FIG. 6A relates to the same principle of design, construction and use upside down as that of FIG. 5.
• the tube 40 comprises two identical parts 41, symmetrical with respect to the axial plane 42, centered on the geometric center 43 bore 44 with four convex sides of the type described in FIG. 1.
• Such a device comprises four rectangular exit planes, two by two parallel, making it possible to attack the irradiation planes 47 with the rays 46 perpendicularly.
• FIG. 7 describes a tube 50, formed by spinning, with a bore 51 with four convex faces 52 in portion of cylinder of radii R2 and R4, with R2 ⁇ R4, or R4> R2, as described with reference to the previous figures.
• the outer dioptric circle is "notched" on its periphery at 53, so as to receive (see FIGS. 8 and 9) elements of right and left wings in the form of a parabolic inverse curve 54 or plane at 45 °, with a surface of dioptric or metallic reflection or on the same principle, head-to-tail wings 55 as previously described.
• the radius R3 can have an infinitely large dimension, the axial origin of which is distant and located on the vertical axis, in such a way that the curve C3, initially constituted by a portion of cylinder, then becomes a portion of plane characterizing the reverse light image.
• Figure 9 shows a tube 50, composite, finding in all points the characteristics and advantages of the monoblock of Figure 1, and formed by assembling the tube 50 of Figure 7 with wings 61 similar to those described with reference to Figure 1 , which have ends 62 adapted to come into contact cooperate and snap into place with the notches 53 of the tube 50, and an internal face 63 cooperating in contact and of complementary shape to the partly cylindrical face 64 of the tube 50.
• FIG. 10 shows a device 70 comprising a tube 1 identical to that described with reference to FIG. 1, and a blade element or blade 71, transparent, with parallel side faces 72.
• Such a device has the following advantages: high power density of the focused radiation obtained by focusing the radiation 73 of a reverse parabolic system, - focused radiation made perpendicular in accordance with teaching the law of Lambert by the element of blade 71, said radiating collector or "C. R.
• the transparent blade 71 with a thickness Lcr has on the upper edge 75 a concave shape with a radius of curvature R'3, and located at a distance dFl from the virtual focus F ', so that the rays 76 arriving on this concave dioptric plane are straightened in parallel radiating flux shown in the drawing by the width Luv.
• the plate 71 or radiating collector, can have a length D comprised: - between a few millimeters, and several meters, in a rectilinear or curvilinear manner, conducting the luminous flux in the thickness according to the same method and the same quality of performance restitution brighter than those of optical fiber.
• the blade 71 has on the lower edge 77, an edge machined in three forms:
• the mechanical link between the monoblock emitter / reflector and the radiating collector can for example be produced by two sheets 78, or index T, shown in strong phantom in FIG. 10.
• FIGS. 11 and 12 show a tube 80 of shape corresponding to the embodiment described in FIG. 1.
• a cylindrical tube 81 Inside the tube of the conventional form of the monoblock drawn in a single element for FIG. 11, and in several elements for FIG. 12, there is provided a cylindrical tube 81, an ultraviolet emitter, and / or visible, and / or infrared, the outside diameter of the cylindrical quartz envelope is:
• FIGS. 13 and 14 show tubes 84 and 85 of the same external shape as that of the tubes represented in FIGS. 11 and 12, adapted to a different form of bore 86 comprising an upper side 87 concave, of cylindrical shape but reversed from that of three other identical convex sides 88 and 89.
• the radii of curvature of the upper 87 concave and lower 88 convex faces are for example identical, the sides 89 being identical.
• the ends 90 of the bore are tangent to the surfaces of the upper and lower faces, which eliminates the blind spots 91 (cf. FIG. 13) shown in hatched lines in the figures.
• the tubes 84 and 85 further comprise a transparent internal cylindrical tube made of glass 92 which makes it possible to center the emitting beam 93 at the geometric center of the cylinder 94 (in dashed lines in the figures).
• FIGS. 15 and 15 A there is shown a tube 95, 95 'formed by four biconvex lenses 96, 96' inserted into a quartz tube 97 of cylindrical or substantially cylindrical external shape according to FIGS. 7 and 8.
• Each lens 96 has an external surface of shape complementary to that of the cylindrical internal face of the tube 97, and is arranged in contact to form with its convex internal part 98 the bore 99 according to the invention.
• a lens 96 ′ may be smaller (see FIG. 15A) and leave a dioptric space 100 between its ' convex external face 101, and the internal face of the tube 97.
• the tube 95 ′ in FIG. 15A also includes an internal cylindrical tube 102 for retaining the plasma centered on its axis, as described above.
• FIG. 16 shows a tube 105 relating to the same principle of formation of the bore, with a transmitter / reflector with wings, of monobloc shape, with or without internal tube 102.
• the tube comprises a cylindrical bore 110 provided with the four biconvex elements 96 as described above to form the bore 99 in a four-pointed star.
• FIGS. 17 to 19 show a one-piece transmitter 120 or 120 ′ with a symmetrical bore 121 in a star with four convex walls.
• the tubes 120 have a circular cross-sectional shape and the tube 120 ′ crushed on top with a large radius of curvature associated with planar reflecting walls 122 at 45 °.
• the curve C3 becomes a plane when the radius R3 tends towards 1 infinity.
• the radiation passes through the transparent solid medium with a flow of divergent shape, the value of the angle of divergence of which is compatible with the dioptric refraction curve of the outer cylinder, so that the refracted rays 123 form a parallel flow leaving the tube. 120.
• cylindrical emitter associated with two symmetrical and planar reflection faces 122, inclined at 45 ° gives a low construction cost, an irradiating light effect identical to that of the best parabolic reflector.
• FIG. 17 Furthermore, provision is made (FIG. 17) for a horizontal flat sheet metal 124 or a metallization C3 on the external upper face (cf. FIG. 19) allowing the effect of the reverse light image to be obtained.
• the tube 120 of FIG. 18 has an upper face 125 covered with a film, of curved shape, of metallization C3. which allows a return of the reflected radiation elsewhere than on the focal point 126 of emission.
• FIG. 20 shows a tube 130 similar to that of FIG. 19 with two sheets 131 extending longitudinally along the tube, symmetrical with respect to the axial plane 132, in the form of inverse parabolas, the radii of curvature being such that all the primary and secondary radiation are found in the irradiated virtual focus F '.
• the convex curves of the bore modify the divergent radiating flux from the focal point located in the plasma gas medium, by a parallel flow, or substantially parallel in the transparent solid quartz medium.
• quartz tube according to the invention from a tube inside which biconvex lenses are slid in order to then produce assemblies as shown in FIGS. 15 to 16.
• the linear tension has a value greater than or equal to 50 Volts / cm, advantageously greater than or equal to 100 Volts / cm. Even more advantageously, a combination of a plasma beam length greater than lm50 and a linear voltage greater than 20 volts / cm is combined.
• the radius of the cross section of the cylindrical plasma beam, with respect to the diameter d of the circle inscribed at the apices of the bore, is such that l / 100d ⁇ r ⁇ l / 2d, for example l / 50d ⁇ r ⁇ l / 4d or r ⁇ l / 8d, r ⁇ l / 10d, and / or r> l / 20d.
• the invention also relates to devices which allow in particular the sterilization of water, either for the reflector with reverse parabola around an axis, or in sheet form for the reflector with 45 ° plane, and the drying of ink and varnish to polymerize on wire or circular products around an axis such as the marking of electrical wires, cables, rubber hoses, PVC tube, etc.
• an ultraviolet emitter / reflector according to the invention can be mounted on a sterilization or polymerization chamber, for example in opposition around a transparent cylinder serving as a sterilization or polymerization chamber, or even, for example, in opposition on either side of a liquid sheet contained between the two transparent walls formed by the planar faces of the planar emitter / reflector thereby producing a sterilization chamber.

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• Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)

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• 1998
  • 1998-01-15 FR FR9800382A patent/FR2773640B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1999
  • 1999-01-15 AT AT99900934T patent/ATE219290T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-01-15 JP JP2000540558A patent/JP2002510122A/ja active Pending
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  • 1999-01-15 CN CN99802202A patent/CN1288585A/zh active Pending
  • 1999-01-15 IL IL13678699A patent/IL136786A0/xx unknown
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