EP1053064A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur hydrodynamischen ziehumformung von schichtverbunddraht mittels schmiermittelbeaufschlagten mehrfach-ziehanlagen - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur hydrodynamischen ziehumformung von schichtverbunddraht mittels schmiermittelbeaufschlagten mehrfach-ziehanlagenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1053064A1 EP1053064A1 EP99907481A EP99907481A EP1053064A1 EP 1053064 A1 EP1053064 A1 EP 1053064A1 EP 99907481 A EP99907481 A EP 99907481A EP 99907481 A EP99907481 A EP 99907481A EP 1053064 A1 EP1053064 A1 EP 1053064A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- lubricant
- pressure chamber
- die
- wire
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C3/00—Profiling tools for metal drawing; Combinations of dies and mandrels for metal drawing
- B21C3/02—Dies; Selection of material therefor; Cleaning thereof
- B21C3/12—Die holders; Rotating dies
- B21C3/14—Die holders combined with devices for guiding the drawing material or combined with devices for cooling, heating, or lubricating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C9/00—Cooling, heating or lubricating drawing material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for hydrodynamic drawing forming of laminated wire by means of multiple drawing systems, which are acted upon by lubricant, according to the preamble of claim 1 and 4, respectively.
- WO 96/14946 proposed a method and a device for shaping or coating strand-like metallic material to be formed, solid, semisolid and liquid lubricants being used there, with which a lubricant layer is produced on the material to be formed.
- a pressure chamber which has a supply for lubricant.
- the lubricant is pressed onto the surface of the material to be formed, it being possible for several forming stages to be carried out without further intermediate coatings.
- the steel wire moved through the pressure chamber is coated with a homogeneous, thin and firmly adhering lubricant film at about 40 ° C. under a pressure of 150 MPa. This steel wire coated in this way is then guided to an outlet nozzle designed as a drawing die and is thereby characterizes that it should be possible to subject the steel wire to further forming without additional lubricant.
- the jacket material is stripped from the core and the material in the drawing die is eaten.
- the so-called hydrodynamic drawing reduces the drawing medium pressure after the system has been stopped.
- the drawing die will penetrate the remaining drawing agent layer due to the wire relaxation, so that when the tool is restarted, the wire material will stick to the tool surface, i.e. the drawing die starts with the already described disadvantageous consequences of feeding or a wire break.
- a pressure chamber is known from US Pat. No. 3,641,795, in which lubricant is introduced via a filling opening, which is initially closed on one side, and this is distributed and compressed using a so-called vibration wire. A further compression takes place by means of a hydraulic unit. After the so-called prepacking, a through hole is then made in the compressed lubricant, which is located inside the
- Composite wires with extremely hard core material as well as soft sheath material ensure safe start-up and restart of the Systems permitted without risk of wire breakage or reduced drawing quality.
- the basic idea of the invention is therefore to build up a lubricant or drawing medium pressure immediately before each drawing die of the corresponding drawing stage when starting or restarting the multiple drawing system, so that the material to be formed can pass through the drawing process with the desired success.
- the conditions for the pressure and temperature of the lubricant created for starting or restarting are maintained by known hydrodynamic effects in the interaction of the material to be formed, lubricant and drawing die, as well as released thermal energy during the forming and cooling of the drawing die.
- the method for drawing forming is as follows.
- each drawing stage is directly in front of the drawing die by means of a heated pressure chamber through which the laminated wire is passed, to the drawing and feeding stations
- Lubricant and the composite wire build up a hydrostatic starting pressure in the drawing gap, so that in particular the above-mentioned composite wires with a high-strength core and soft Jacket material can be formed with high quality.
- a laminated wire with a high-strength steel core and an aluminum sheath, the sheath content being 40 to 70% by volume could be reliably formed using the method according to the invention.
- care is taken during the continuous continuous drawing in a manner known per se by taking lubricant for hydrodynamic pressure conditions building up in the drawing gap.
- the starting pressure for each drawing stage is pre-set and monitored by a hydraulic control, whereby the preheating of the pressure chambers is also controlled by the control system.
- a selectable pressure / temperature range of all levels is reached, an enable signal is generated which triggers the start of the drawing process.
- each pressure chamber is continuously monitored, the external heating of the pressure chamber being able to be deactivated when the drawing dies start to heat up as a result of the drawing process.
- a starting or restart pressure in the range from 100 to 130 bar is set in the pressure chamber of each drawing stage.
- each drawing stage comprising at least one front and drawing die and a lubricant task known per se being arranged on the front die.
- the pressure chamber includes a wire through hole and a side lubricant channel to hold the amount of starting lubricant. Furthermore, one is preferably hydraulically operated
- Pressure generating device arranged on the pressure chamber so that the lubricant supplied to the lubricant channel with a predetermined by a further lubricant task Pressure can be pressed into the through hole or the corresponding pressure chamber space and in cooperation with the heating device provided in the pressure chamber, a pasty-pasty state of the lubricant is established.
- the desired lubricant pressure in the lubricant channel or in the pressure chamber space is maintained by a pressure tappet which is at least partially guided in the lateral lubricant channel and which can be actuated by a hydraulic cylinder.
- the movement or position of the tappet is detected with suitable sensors and is used to indirectly determine the pressure conditions in the pressure chamber.
- the pressure chamber is inserted between the front and drawing die of a conventional double brick arrangement and is small overall.
- the receptacles of the front and drawing die and the pressure chamber have fitting bores which run in the direction of drawing and which lead to appropriate fastening means, for example clamping bolts.
- the pressure chamber preferably has lateral bores or cutouts for receiving electrical heating elements and at least one temperature sensor in order to be able to monitor and set the defined temperature conditions when starting up or restarting the system in each drawing stage.
- a pressure / temperature control device monitors the pressure and temperature conditions of all pressure chambers of the drawing stages and releases the start and restart of the drawing system. Furthermore, a die cooling known per se can be controlled with this control device according to externally specifiable parameters.
- the pressure / temperature control device of the device according to the invention also serves for the continuous monitoring of the drawing process, since pressure drops in the pressure chamber indicate irregularities in the drawing process or the material being formed during the continuous operation of the drawing system.
- the invention therefore succeeds in a method and a device for the hydrodynamic drawing forming of composite wire by means of lubricant
- Lubricant is thus put in a dough-pasty state from the beginning, so that with the beginning of the drawing movement, such hydrodynamic conditions arise which then allow an adequate supply of lubricant in the drawing gap during the continuous, continuous drawing.
- continuous monitoring of the pressure and temperature in each pressure chamber checks when and to what extent, due to the onset of heating during the drawing process, an intended external heating system is to be deactivated.
- an intended external heating system is to be deactivated.
- Fig. La and lb j e a side view and a plan view of the drawing stage assembly, including Vorstein- and drawing die holder and pressure chamber, and
- Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the pressure chamber.
- the drawing stages 1 according to FIGS. 1 a and 1 b each comprise a roughing die holder 2, a pressure chamber 3 and a drawing die holder 4 with a drawing die, not shown.
- a lubricant boxes 5, known per se and shown with broken lines, is used to hold lubricant, which takes care of hydrodynamic pressure conditions in and around the drawing gap during the drawing process.
- the composite wire 6 to be reshaped now passes through the lubricant box 5, the Vorsteinaufnähme 2 in the pressure chamber 3 and then to the die in the die holder 4 to be subjected to the actual forming step by step.
- the pressure chamber 3 has a laterally arranged hydraulic cylinder 12 which, in cooperation with the elements shown in FIG. 2, forms a pressure generating device 9.
- Sensors 17 monitor the position of a pressure tappet, not shown in FIG. 1b, in order to indirectly detect the pressure conditions in the pressure chamber 3.
- a known die cooling 16 is provided on the die holder 4.
- the elements Vorsteinaufnähme 2, pressure chamber 3, drawing die holder 4 and pressure generating device 9 form a structural unit supported by a base plate 18.
- the structure of the pressure chamber will now be explained in more detail with reference to the sectional view according to FIG. 2.
- the pressure chamber 3 comprises a lateral lubricant channel 8, which leads to the wire through bore 7 of the pressure chamber 3.
- a funnel-like lubricant feed 11 is used to supply lubricant in the event that the drawing system is started or started or restarted.
- a pressure tappet 10 is located in the pressure generating device 9 and is actuated by the hydraulic cylinder 12, i.e. moved in the direction of the wire through hole 7 of the pressure chamber 3.
- the plunger 10 is at least partially guided in the lateral lubricant channel 8 and builds the pressure conditions in the pressure chamber, i.e. in the pressure chamber space of the wire through hole 7.
- the pressure chamber 3 has bores 13 for receiving preferably electrical heating elements and a bore 14, which is used to attach a temperature sensor.
- Fitting bores 15 are used to hold the tensioning screws, not shown, in order to ensure a firm, tight press connection between the pressure chamber 3 and the adjacent Vorsteinaufnähme 2 or drawing die holder 4.
- a pressure / temperature control device (not shown), in cooperation with the sensors 17 and the temperature sensor located in the bore 14, continuously records the pressure and temperature conditions of the pressure chambers of all drawing stages and releases the start and restart of the drawing system when predetermined values are reached.
- the control device mentioned is able to control a die cooling known per se.
- multilayered wires with a high-strength core but soft sheathing material can be reliably formed in multi-stage drawing systems, 10
- the pressure chambers to be provided in each drawing stage have an extremely simple construction and, in conjunction with known pre- and drawing die receptacles, can form a unit which only comprises a small amount of space, so that retrofitting in existing systems is possible without any problems.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19804016 | 1998-02-02 | ||
| DE19804016 | 1998-02-02 | ||
| DE19810342 | 1998-03-10 | ||
| DE19810342A DE19810342C2 (de) | 1998-02-02 | 1998-03-10 | Verfahren zur hydrodynamischen Ziehumformung von Schichtverbunddraht sowie Mehrfach-Ziehanlage |
| PCT/EP1999/000680 WO1999038625A1 (de) | 1998-02-02 | 1999-02-02 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur hydrodynamischen ziehumformung von schichtverbunddraht mittels schmiermittelbeaufschlagten mehrfach-ziehanlagen |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1053064A1 true EP1053064A1 (de) | 2000-11-22 |
| EP1053064B1 EP1053064B1 (de) | 2002-05-08 |
Family
ID=26043534
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99907481A Expired - Lifetime EP1053064B1 (de) | 1998-02-02 | 1999-02-02 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur hydrodynamischen ziehumformung von schichtverbunddraht mittels schmiermittelbeaufschlagten mehrfach-ziehanlagen |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1053064B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP3326499B2 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE217218T1 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2318831A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1999038625A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116984404B (zh) * | 2023-07-28 | 2024-04-26 | 浙江创特新材科技有限公司 | 可移动的多段细钨丝加热模块及高强度细钨丝拉丝设备 |
| CN120394599B (zh) * | 2025-07-03 | 2026-03-31 | 山西森鼎立设备制造有限公司 | 一种具有冷却功能的直驱式极细线拉丝机及方法 |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3413832A (en) * | 1965-07-27 | 1968-12-03 | Nat Standard Co | Wire drawing method |
| US3641795A (en) | 1969-12-24 | 1972-02-15 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Method and apparatus for wire drawing with pressure dies |
| AT353737B (de) * | 1976-09-16 | 1979-11-26 | Langenecker Bertwin Dr | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum ziehen von draehten, stangen, rohren u.dgl. |
| EP0013012B1 (de) * | 1978-12-21 | 1984-06-20 | Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR | Vorrichtung zur Beschichtung von metallischem Umformgut mit einem Schmierstoff |
| AT383513B (de) * | 1979-08-29 | 1987-07-10 | Uralsky Inst Chernykh Metall | Ziehverfahren mit hydrodynamischer schmierung |
| BG41686A1 (en) * | 1984-12-17 | 1987-08-14 | Petkov | Device for drawing of wire |
| ATE181858T1 (de) * | 1994-11-11 | 1999-07-15 | Ecoform Umformtechnik Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum umformen und/oder beschichten von strangförmigem metallischem umformgut |
-
1999
- 1999-02-02 AT AT99907481T patent/ATE217218T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-02-02 CA CA002318831A patent/CA2318831A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-02-02 EP EP99907481A patent/EP1053064B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-02-02 WO PCT/EP1999/000680 patent/WO1999038625A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1999-02-02 JP JP2000529908A patent/JP3326499B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9938625A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2318831A1 (en) | 1999-08-05 |
| JP3326499B2 (ja) | 2002-09-24 |
| WO1999038625A1 (de) | 1999-08-05 |
| ATE217218T1 (de) | 2002-05-15 |
| EP1053064B1 (de) | 2002-05-08 |
| JP2002501827A (ja) | 2002-01-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE60002726T2 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum formen von gegenüberliegenden löchern in einer seitenwand eines rohrförmigen werkstückes | |
| DE10324094B3 (de) | Verfahren zum Verschweißen von Teilen | |
| DE10062193A1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verbinden von Metallplatten und Warmbandwalzwerk | |
| EP2996834B1 (de) | Verfahren zum ermitteln des verdichtungsgrades eines knotens nach dem ultraschall-schweissen | |
| EP0421019A1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Fügen von Kunststoffteilen durch Ultraschall | |
| DE3718961C2 (de) | ||
| DE3129716A1 (de) | Automatische drahteinstell- oder -wiedereinstellverfahren und -vorrichtung in einer durchlaufdraht-elektroerosionsmaschine | |
| DE60002368T2 (de) | Düse für Innenhochdruckumformen, sowie Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Innenhochdruckumformen unter Verwendung dieser Düse | |
| DE3204798A1 (de) | Elektrische entladungsbearbeitungseinrichtung | |
| DE4401674A1 (de) | Verfahren sowie Vorrichtung zum Lochen von Werkstücken | |
| EP1053064B1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur hydrodynamischen ziehumformung von schichtverbunddraht mittels schmiermittelbeaufschlagten mehrfach-ziehanlagen | |
| DE10196821T5 (de) | Drahterodierverfahren und Vorrichtung | |
| DE2165247A1 (de) | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum abtrennen rohrfoermiger rohlinge | |
| EP0037485A1 (de) | Metallstrangpresse mit einer mit dem Aufnehmerhalter verbundenen Vorrichtung zum Abtrennen des Pressrestes und zum Auswechseln von Matrizen | |
| EP3094440A1 (de) | Verfahren zur erzeugung von durchgängen in einem metallischen körper mittels hochgeschwindigkeitsscherschneiden | |
| DE19810342C2 (de) | Verfahren zur hydrodynamischen Ziehumformung von Schichtverbunddraht sowie Mehrfach-Ziehanlage | |
| EP2839893B1 (de) | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer indirekten Strangpresse und indirekte Strangpresse | |
| EP3010709B1 (de) | Verfahren zum verwölben des maschinenbetts und/oder des pressenstössels einer stanzpresse sowie stanzpresse | |
| DE3244171A1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erfassung einer zwischen zwei gegeneinander bewegbaren maschinenteilen auftretenden kraft | |
| DE3108337A1 (de) | Strangpressmaschine und verfahren zum betrieb einer strangpressmaschine | |
| DE102018112193B4 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Nietverbindung | |
| EP3357620A1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum ultraschallverbinden von fügepartnern, insbesondere elektrischen leitern | |
| DE102006053223B3 (de) | Loch- und Durchzugsstempel | |
| EP0216978B1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Strangpressen von Kohlenstoffmassen, insbesondere von Kohlenstoffelektroden | |
| DE69024059T2 (de) | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum vorlochen von blöcken. |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20000727 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IT LI LU NL PT SE |
|
| GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20010619 |
|
| GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
| GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
| GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
| GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IT LI LU NL PT SE |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20020508 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20020508 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20020508 Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20020508 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20020508 |
|
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 217218 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 20020515 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59901393 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20020613 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20020808 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20020808 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20020808 |
|
| NLV1 | Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act | ||
| GBV | Gb: ep patent (uk) treated as always having been void in accordance with gb section 77(7)/1977 [no translation filed] |
Effective date: 20020508 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20021128 |
|
| EN | Fr: translation not filed | ||
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030202 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030202 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030228 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030228 Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030228 |
|
| PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
| 26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20030211 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030902 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20050202 |