EP1054470B1 - Antenne à effet visuel faible - Google Patents

Antenne à effet visuel faible Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1054470B1
EP1054470B1 EP99113907A EP99113907A EP1054470B1 EP 1054470 B1 EP1054470 B1 EP 1054470B1 EP 99113907 A EP99113907 A EP 99113907A EP 99113907 A EP99113907 A EP 99113907A EP 1054470 B1 EP1054470 B1 EP 1054470B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
screen
dipoles
reflector
wire net
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99113907A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1054470A3 (fr
EP1054470A2 (fr
Inventor
Carlo Briganti
Giorgio Cortiana
Mario Marabelli
Marco Toni
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens SpA
Original Assignee
Siemens SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens SpA filed Critical Siemens SpA
Publication of EP1054470A2 publication Critical patent/EP1054470A2/fr
Publication of EP1054470A3 publication Critical patent/EP1054470A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1054470B1 publication Critical patent/EP1054470B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/44—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas using equipment having another main function to serve additionally as an antenna, e.g. means for giving an antenna an aesthetic aspect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/108—Combination of a dipole with a plane reflecting surface

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to mobile radio telephone systems and in particular the antennas used to realise a cell coverage of the served territory.
  • the cellular telephone systems require a complex antenna network with variable shapes and sizes especially in function of the operation frequency spread over the territory.
  • Such antennas have to be installed at sites distributed over territory, supported by poles or pylons, on existing constructions such as church towers, towers, buildings in a variable number generally from 3 to 12 at each site, in function of the subdivision of the area in cells covered by the respective antennas. Areas densely populate by subscribers as residential areas require a high density of cells and therefore of installations of antennas.
  • the commonly used antennas present a vertically extending panel configuration.
  • a substantially flat screen of conducting material supports a series of dipoles aligned along the vertical median axes of the panel suitable to radiate and receive electromagnetic signals.
  • the flat screen is essential because it fulfils the function of reflecting the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the dipoles providing for the desired directivity of the antenna.
  • the document US-A-2 827 628 discloses an antenna, the flat reflecting screen of which is partially made of expanded metal.
  • the reflecting screen has a central part that is made of a solid plate on the opposite edges of which are welded expanded metal screen portions.
  • the document US-A-4 804 972 discloses a parabolic dish antenna having a radome in the form of a lid made of a radiation transparent plastic that may even be optically transparent for making observable trademark or other signs printed on the concave dish.
  • the document WO 97/41622 discloses an antenna system comprising an antenna assembly having an open grid reflector structure in a self-supporting wheel ring placed on the top of a trellis; the antenna assembly comprises a number of antenna panels, each including a number of dipole elements mechanically connected to tubular beam transformers spaced to each other along an horizontal axis in order to achieve multiple lobes.
  • the screen, the dipoles and the connection cables of the dipoles to the antenna connector to the local station are normally enclosed in a shell or radome transparent to RF radiation to protect them from atmospheric agents, dust, guano etc. which if free to accumulate could degrade and compromise the functioning of the antenna.
  • the shell or radome is typically made of fibreglass or other opaque plastic materials.
  • the assembly has essentially the aspect of an opaque body with a visibly perceptible volume.
  • the fibreglass radome if on one hand it satisfies the requisite of lightness, mechanical resistance and of not being degradable by atmospheric agents and ultraviolet radiation, contributes to confer a bulky appearance to the antenna and to increase its visibility.
  • the fibreglass shell By exposure to sunshine, the fibreglass shell causes an increase of the internal temperature which may lead to a temporary degrading of performances.
  • the fibreglass shell has a small (but not negligible) capacity to absorb RF energy which naturally represents a loss and therefore a reduction of the gain of the antenna.
  • the antenna when observed at distance and in the context of other architectural objects among which it is installed, becomes little visible and difficult to be noticed by a casual observer. This «invisibility» turns out to become almost total under favourable illumination conditions.
  • the presence of a generally metallic supporting pole or the presence of metal brackets for fastening the antenna to the front of a building cause the presence of a so-called evanescent wave, not residual in terms of intensity, which produces perturbations of the correct functioning of the antenna.
  • the phenomenon of the evanescent wave is due to a prevalence of metallic surfaces present at the back of the screen reflector on the screen itself in gathering part of the RF radiation through the open meshes of the screen reflector.
  • the radiation passing through the screen is scattered by the metallic surfaces at the back of the reticular screen in spurious directions which do not coincide with the desired direction of reflection.
  • This central part of the reflecting screen with such a differentiated structure compared to the surrounding major part of the screen is subject to a concentration of induced currents that may produce relatively large current density levels.
  • the presence of at conductor section sufficiently large in this area of the screen improves the performances of the antenna (both during reception and transmission phases).
  • such minor central portion of the screen reflector is the planer face of a tubular metallic structure extending for the whole lengthwise dimension of the screen.
  • the tubular structure can be conveniently made of two channels coupled to each other.
  • the tubular shape of said central element houses the connecting cables of the dipoles according to a defined configuration departing from one or more connectors installed at one end of the antenna, usually in an end cover or bottom of the radome made of optically transparent material.
  • the metallic wires forming the conductive net that constitutes the major portion of the screen reflector are preferably arc welded at crossings in order to prevent the constitution of spurious dipoles because of insufficient electric continuity in the reticulated plane reflector structure.
  • Such improving effect can be further emphasised by submitting the entire composite screen reflector to a immersion tin-plating process using an eutectic alloy of tin and silver, of enhanced conductivity or alternatively to hot galvanisation or to silver-plating.
  • the screen reflector 1 is a substantially flat panel of a common rectangular shape, the length of which is commensured to the number of dipoles or radiators 2, mounted on short spacer columns aligned along the central longitudinal axes of the rectangular panel, as better illustrated in Figures 5 and 6 (in Fig.1, 4 dipoles or radiators 2 are depicted).
  • the number of dipoles that can be disposed on a same antenna and therefore the high of the reflecting panel 1 can be even very large, depending from the number of channels that must be managed by the antenna «illuminating» a certain cell of those in which a certain territory is divided, and on the RF power requirements, that can be satisfied by multiplying the number of dipoles to be fed in phase with the same signal.
  • the reflecting panel 1 has, at least a major part in terms of area, made by a conducting wire net 1a and 1b and a minor central part 1c made of a conducting wire net of different structure from the structure of the wire nets 1a and 1b, and more precisely having smaller meshes and a reduced empty/full ratio than the two side nets 1a and 1b constituting the major part of the panel ( Figures 3 and 4).
  • the particular P' Fig. 1 shows a peculiar aspect of the present invention, that is the fact that the metallic wires that form the conducting nets are oriented parallel to the axes of symmetry of the antenna and they are arc-welded at the crossings. Upon arc-welding globules of the metallic material are formed at the welding spots and this is preferably favoured in order to improve the performance of the antenna, as explained above.
  • the aforesaid orientation at 45° of the metallic wires has proved to be particularly useful, when the antenna uses a polarisation comprised between +45° and -45°, because in this way the wires turn out to be parallel to the polarisation plane of the radiated signal.
  • the dimensions of the mesh of the two lateral nets 1a and 1b and the relative empty/full ratios are defined in function of the minimum wavelength to be handled by the antenna in order to guarantee a behaviour similar to that of a solid plate reflector.
  • the dimensions of the meshes of the two nets 1a and 1b can be of 5 + 10 mm and, if it is used an arc welded net of drawn steel wire of a diameter comprised between 0,5 + 1,5 mm, there will be a empty/full ratio comprised between 1/10 and 1/20.
  • the central part 1c, along which the dipoles 2 are disposed, mounted on short columns 4, typically aligned along the central axes of the panel, can be, according to the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2, the planar face of a rectangular section channel 5 made of a metallic grid, of high electric conductivity which can be conveniently closed on the back side by a cover or by a similar channel of a rectangular section 6, joined permanently to the channel 5 such to form a tubular element inside which the connection cables of the dipoles (not shown in the illustration) can be tidily arranged.
  • Channel 5 or at least the flat side coplanar and electrically joined with the side nets 1a and 1b has a thickness commensurate to the electric conductivity of the metallic material with which it is made and generally comprised between 0.5 and 1.5 or more millimetres.
  • Substantially the central part 1c of the reflecting panel is provided with a enhanced electric conductivity in order to minimise the resistance met by the currents that are induced on the screen reflector by the fields produced by the dipoles.
  • Figures 3 and 4 show another embodiment of the reflecting panel, according to which the central part 1c is made of a wire net 7 with smaller meshes and reduced empty/full ratio compared to the wire net of the side portions 1a and 1b of the panel.
  • the equivalent conducting cross section referred to currents induced on the plane of the screen reflector is sensibly increased in the central part 1c, by making such a net with metallic wire of large diameter than that of the wire with which the side nets 1a and 1b are made.
  • the dimensions of the meshes of the net constituting the central part 1c of the reflecting panel can be of 1 to 5 millimetres, and in case a steel wire net, arc-welded at the crossings, with a wire diameter of 0,5 to 1,5 millimetres is used, the empty/full ratio may range from about 1/10 to about 1/20.
  • a channel 8 made of optically opaque material fastened to the backside of the panel in order to define a channel through which the connecting cables of the dipoles may be arranged in a tidy way.
  • Both the nets 1a and 1b with a large empty/full ratio and the net with denser meshes 7 constituting the central part of area of the reflecting panel, are made of metallic wire, arc-welded at the crossings, in order to assure a homogenous conductivity over the reflecting plane and the absence of spurious dipoles which could be created in case of interruptions of the electric continuity at wire crossings.
  • the wires can be oriented at 45° with respect to the main axes of the antenna.
  • the vertically oriented wires can lay on a plane spaced by a certain distance from the parallel plane on which the horizontally oriented wires lay.
  • Figures 5 and 6 are complete views of two directional multi-channel with high transparency according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 shows a so-called double polarisation antenna, that is, through which the electromagnetic radiation with a polarisation of +45° and with a polarisation of -45° is radiated.
  • Fig. 6 represents an antenna with a single polarisation.
  • the radome 3 is entirely made by an optically transparent material.
  • the material employed is a polymethyl methacrylate, even if others transparent plastic materials such as polycarbonate can be employed.
  • the polymethyl methacrylate has a good resistance to the effects of the exposition to ultraviolet rays, and it has low dielectric losses which make it exceptionally transparent to the RF electromagnetic radiation thus minimising absorption.
  • the radome 3 envelopes completely the components of the antenna inside a completely sealed space.
  • the tubular body of the radome 3 can be extruded in a single piece or made of two suitably shaped channels joined together.
  • the two ends are dosed respectively by a lid 9 and by a bottom 10 made of the same transparent material constituting the tubular body of the radome.
  • Fig. 7 shows a preferred embodiment of the transparent radome 3 of the antenna of low visual impact according to this invention.
  • the radome 3 is constituted by two channel shaped half-shells 3a and 3b, constituting the front side and the backside of the tubular radome, respectively.
  • the two half-shells are permanently joined together by gluing them along the overlapping borders of the edges of the two channels 3a and 3b.
  • the cross section of the channels is such to form a polygonal cross section of the radome, having substantially planar sides connected to each other.
  • This particular shape contrary to a commonly curved cross section of the known radomes, eliminates the persistence of a generation reflecting incident sun light or artificial light toward an observer.
  • Figures 5 and 6 show the presence of a support pole 13 which can commonly be of galvanised steel or of stainless steel, titanium or even more preferably a pole of fibreglass or another non conducting composite of high mechanical strength.
  • the central part 1c of the planar screen reflector of the antenna has a width sufficient to cover completely the shape of the supporting pole 13.
  • the area of the nets 1a and 1b of the reflecting panel of the antenna constitutes about 80% of the total area of the screen reflector.
  • the transparency of the radome reduces considerably the overheating effect of the inner space, thus enhancing constancy of the electrical behaviour of the antenna even under strong sunshine.
  • the transparency of the assembly can be clearly perceived by watching the two photos of an antenna of the type illustrated in Fig. 5 and reproduced in the Figures 8 and 9 in two different conditions of illumination.
  • the observed antenna is perceived as an object of small and insignificant volume and it becomes even less visible if it is placed in a context rich of architectural features such as a spire, a facade of a building, a bell-tower, and alike environments.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Antenne multivoie directionnelle d'un système de téléphone mobile, qui comprend :
    - un réflecteur en treillis essentiellement plat (1) incluant un filet de câbles métalliques conducteurs (1a, 1b) dont les mailles ont un rapport vide/solide plutôt élevé afin de réduire la visibilité de l'antenne :
    - une pluralité de dipôles ou de radiateurs (2) supportés mécaniquement à une certaine distance de la surface réfléchissante du réflecteur en treillis (1) ;
    - une coquille ou un capot d'antenne (3) constitué d'un matériau visuellement transparent et transparent pour le rayonnement radioélectrique émis et recu par l'antenne, qui renferme le réflecteur en treillis, les dipôles et le câblage de connexion des dipôles, et au moins un connecteur d'un câble de raccordement d'antenne ;
    caractérisée en ce qu'une partie centrale (1c) dudit réflecteur en treillis (1) d'une zone plutôt limitée par rapport à l'ensemble de la zone du réflecteur et coïncidant en projection avec la zone de fixation de l'antenne sur un pôle de support, ou une structure similaire, inclut un filet de câbles (1c) ayant un rapport vide/plein réduit et un maillage réduit par rapport au rapport vide/plein et un maillage du filet de câbles de la plus grande partie (1a, 1b) de la zone du réflecteur en treillis (1) permettant de supprimer l'onde évanescente qui y est générée.
  2. Antenne multivoie directionnelle d'un système de téléphone mobile, qui comprend :
    - un réflecteur en treillis essentiellement plat (1) incluant un filet de câbles métalliques conducteurs (1a, 1b) dont les mailles ont un rapport vide/solide plutôt élevé afin de réduire la visibilité de l'antenne :
    - une pluralité de dipôles ou de radiateurs (2) supportés mécaniquement à une certaine distance de la surface réfléchissante du réflecteur en treillis (1) ;
    - une coquille ou un capot d'antenne (3) constitué d'un matériau visuellement transparent et transparent pour le rayonnement radioélectrique émis et recu par l'antenne, qui renferme le réflecteur en treillis, les dipôles et le câblage de connexion des dipôles, et au moins un connecteur d'un câble de raccordement d'antenne ;
    caractérisée en ce qu'une partie centrale (1c) dudit réflecteur en treillis (1) d'une zone plutôt limitée par rapport à l'ensemble de la zone du réflecteur et coïncidant en projection avec la zone de fixation de l'antenne sur un pôle de support, ou une structure similaire, inclut un corps métallique plat coplanaire (1c) soudé au filet de câbles (1a, 1b) afin de supprimer l'onde évanescente qui y est générée.
  3. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les câbles dudit filet de câbles sont orientés parallèlement aux axes structurels ou de symétrie de l'antenne.
  4. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les câbles dudit filet de câbles sont orientés à 45° par rapport aux axes structurels ou de symétrie de l'antenne.
  5. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les câbles dudit filet de câbles sont soudés à l'arc ou soudés au niveau de points de contact.
  6. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ledit filet de câbles est constitué d'une première pluralité de câbles parallèles installés sur un premier plan et d'une seconde pluralité de câbles parallèles perpendiculaires à et électriquement isolés des câbles de ladite première pluralité installés sur un second plan parallèle au premier plan et éloignés d'une distance prédéterminée.
  7. Antenne selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que ledit capot d'antenne (3) en matériau transparent visuellement est constitué d'une résine thermoplastique appartenant au groupe composé de méthacrylates de polyméthyle et de polycarbonates.
  8. Antenne selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que ledit capot d'antenne (3) visuellement transparent est constitué de méthacrylate de polyméthyle.
  9. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ledit capot d'antenne (3) en matériau visuellement transparent comporte une section transversale polygonale composée de côtés rectilignes.
  10. Antenne selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que ledit corps métallique plat coplanaire (1c) est un côté plat d'une boîte rectangulaire s'étendant sur toute la hauteur du réflecteur en treillis (1) à l'intérieur duquel passe le câblage de connexion des dipôles (2).
  11. Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que ledit filet de câbles au maillage réduit (1c) est un côté plat d'un corps de filet de câbles tubulaires s'étendant sur toute la hauteur du réflecteur en treillis (1) à l'intérieur duquel passe le câblage de connexion des dipôles (2).
  12. Antenne selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ledit réflecteur en treillis (1) comporte sur au moins le côté réfléchissant un revêtement d'un matériau conducteur appartenant au groupe composé de zinc, d'alliage eutectique d'étain et d'argent, et d'argent.
EP99113907A 1999-05-21 1999-07-16 Antenne à effet visuel faible Expired - Lifetime EP1054470B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITPR990047 1999-05-21
IT1999PR000047A IT1308545B1 (it) 1999-05-21 1999-05-21 Antenna a basso impatto visivo.

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1054470A2 EP1054470A2 (fr) 2000-11-22
EP1054470A3 EP1054470A3 (fr) 2001-05-30
EP1054470B1 true EP1054470B1 (fr) 2006-11-15

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99113907A Expired - Lifetime EP1054470B1 (fr) 1999-05-21 1999-07-16 Antenne à effet visuel faible

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EP (1) EP1054470B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE345585T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69933992T2 (fr)
IT (1) IT1308545B1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7692125B1 (en) * 2005-11-29 2010-04-06 Lockheed Martin Corporation Evanescent wave coupling for Fresnel direction finding
JP5430921B2 (ja) * 2008-05-16 2014-03-05 富士フイルム株式会社 導電性フイルム及び透明発熱体
US8570233B2 (en) 2010-09-29 2013-10-29 Laird Technologies, Inc. Antenna assemblies
CN102955955A (zh) * 2011-08-25 2013-03-06 深圳光启高等理工研究院 一种基于倏逝波的移动通讯系统及方法
SE536447C2 (sv) * 2012-03-27 2013-11-05 Induflex AB Spännanordning för att spänna ut en radomduk
JP6073676B2 (ja) * 2012-12-28 2017-02-01 マスプロ電工株式会社 アンテナ装置
EP2833474A1 (fr) * 2013-07-29 2015-02-04 Bouygues Telecom Ensemble antenne à panneau optiquement transparent comprenant un réflecteur conformé
EP2887454A1 (fr) * 2013-12-20 2015-06-24 Alcatel- Lucent Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd Système d'antennes panneau à impact visuel réduit
JP7032352B2 (ja) * 2019-04-19 2022-03-08 ソフトバンク株式会社 アンテナ装置、通信中継装置及び通信システム
CN113555690A (zh) * 2020-04-23 2021-10-26 华为技术有限公司 一种电子设备
CN113193339B (zh) * 2021-03-22 2023-01-10 安徽精卓光显技术有限责任公司 一种透明室分吸顶天线

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997041622A1 (fr) * 1996-04-29 1997-11-06 Radio Design Innovation Ab Systeme d'antenne

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2827628A (en) * 1953-08-07 1958-03-18 Cornell Dubilier Electric Ultra high frequency antenna
DE1291390B (de) * 1965-08-10 1969-03-27 Kolbe & Co Hans Antenne
US3560986A (en) * 1969-02-24 1971-02-02 Brunswick Corp Radar antenna radome construction
US4609923A (en) * 1983-09-09 1986-09-02 Harris Corporation Gold-plated tungsten knit RF reflective surface
US4804972A (en) * 1987-02-24 1989-02-14 Schudel Conrad R Monocoque antenna structure

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997041622A1 (fr) * 1996-04-29 1997-11-06 Radio Design Innovation Ab Systeme d'antenne

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1054470A3 (fr) 2001-05-30
DE69933992D1 (de) 2006-12-28
ATE345585T1 (de) 2006-12-15
IT1308545B1 (it) 2002-01-08
ITPR990047A1 (it) 2000-11-21
DE69933992T2 (de) 2007-10-04
EP1054470A2 (fr) 2000-11-22

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