EP1062006B1 - Mousse de decontamination comprenant un agent oxydant tel que le cerium (iv) - Google Patents
Mousse de decontamination comprenant un agent oxydant tel que le cerium (iv) Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1062006B1 EP1062006B1 EP99907664A EP99907664A EP1062006B1 EP 1062006 B1 EP1062006 B1 EP 1062006B1 EP 99907664 A EP99907664 A EP 99907664A EP 99907664 A EP99907664 A EP 99907664A EP 1062006 B1 EP1062006 B1 EP 1062006B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cerium
- foam
- mol
- foam according
- oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims description 115
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 18
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 18
- ITZXULOAYIAYNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(4+) Chemical compound [Ce+4] ITZXULOAYIAYNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 7
- RJSZFSOFYVMDIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl n,n-dimethylcarbamate Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C RJSZFSOFYVMDIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JAWGVVJVYSANRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(3+) Chemical compound [Co+3] JAWGVVJVYSANRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PLZVEHJLHYMBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetradecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCN PLZVEHJLHYMBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000566127 Ninox Species 0.000 description 29
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 241000195940 Bryophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000011929 mousse Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- PSBDWGZCVUAZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (dimethylsulfonio)acetate Chemical compound C[S+](C)CC([O-])=O PSBDWGZCVUAZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 atoms halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- XQTIWNLDFPPCIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+) Chemical compound [Ce+3] XQTIWNLDFPPCIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940031728 cocamidopropylamine oxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940117986 sulfobetaine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000010964 304L stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-pentanol Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)O WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZECDDHOAMNMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-H cerium(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[Ce+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OZECDDHOAMNMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000003251 chemically resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyldimethylamine N-oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)[O-] SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940048866 lauramine oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008258 liquid foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- ONHFWHCMZAJCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N myristamine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)[O-] ONHFWHCMZAJCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940104868 myristamine oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/38—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by oxidation; by combustion
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/001—Decontamination of contaminated objects, apparatus, clothes, food; Preventing contamination thereof
- G21F9/002—Decontamination of the surface of objects with chemical or electrochemical processes
- G21F9/004—Decontamination of the surface of objects with chemical or electrochemical processes of metallic surfaces
Definitions
- the present invention relates to foams decontamination, usable for decontamination large volume industrial equipment, in particular nuclear facilities.
- the volume of the liquid phase may be weak because the foam contains usually 5 to 50 times more gas than liquid. In Consequently, liquid active effluents from decontamination with foam are significantly reduced.
- the document EP-A-0 526 305 [1] describes a decontamination foam in which the phase liquid includes at least one decontamination reagent and two surfactants to promote training foam.
- Decontamination reagents can consist of sulfuric acid, acid phosphoric and cerium (IV).
- the cerium (IV) acts as a powerful oxidizing agent, this which allows in the case of decontamination stainless steel equipment, ensuring chemical attack on the steel surface in order to dissolve it superficially and eliminate the contamination fixed.
- EP-A-727 243 [2] also illustrates decontamination foam using Ce (IV) with an acid such as HNO3 or H2SO4 and surfactants from sulfobetaine and / or alkyl ether type oligosaccharides.
- the main difficulty raised by a formulation comprising Ce (IV) consists in finding foaming surfactants capable of resisting strongly oxidizing mixture associating a strong acid and the cerium IV.
- the normal potential oxidation-reduction of the Ce (IV) / Ce (III) couple amounts to 1.72 V.
- the second difficulty consists in formulating, on the base of the retained surfactants, a foam having good rheological and hydrodynamic properties allowing its implementation in installations with closed loop recirculation like the one described in [1].
- the present invention has precisely for object a foam composition containing an agent oxidant such as Ce (IV), which makes it possible to avoid this disadvantage thanks to the use of a surfactant suitable, while having good properties of runoff and being compatible with a setting work with closed loop recirculation.
- an agent oxidant such as Ce (IV)
- the use of a surfactant consisting of at least one amine oxide avoids the reduction of oxidizing agents mentioned and thus obtain a foam of decontamination with chemical resistance significant and compatible with the duration of a decontamination operation, which is usually 1 to 10 hours. Furthermore, the choice of this surfactant allows to obtain a foam having rheological properties suitable for the decontamination of nuclear installations.
- the amine oxides used in the invention can correspond to the following formula: in which R 1 , R 2 and R 3 which may be identical or different, are hydrocarbon groups of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, optionally substituted, at least one of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 being a hydrocarbon group at least 8 carbon atoms, so that the amine oxide can play the role of surfactant.
- the hydrocarbon groups used for R 1 , R 2 and R 3 may be aliphatic groups, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated.
- saturated groups mention may be made of linear or branched alkyl groups.
- Substitutes usable in groups hydrocarbons can for example be atoms halogens, amido groups, hydroxyls, esters, ...
- the groups R 1 , R 2 and R 3 have at most 16 carbon atoms.
- the amine oxide used corresponds to the formula given above in which R 1 and R 3 are lower alkyl groups of 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl and propyl groups, and R 2 is an alkyl group of 10 to 16 carbon atoms.
- Aromox® or cocodimethylamine oxide
- R 1 and R 3 representing the methyl group
- R 2 being a C 16 alkyl group, C 14 or C 12 .
- the amine oxide with R 2 at C 12 predominates before the amine oxide where R 2 is at C 14 , then before the amine oxide with R 1 at C 16 .
- Ninox FCA or cocamidopropylamine oxide
- R 1 represents the propyl group
- R 2 represents an aliphatic chain
- R 3 is an alkyl group.
- the agent oxidant can consist of silver (II), cobalt (III), potassium permanganate or cerium (IV).
- cerium (IV) is used.
- the acid used in the liquid phase of the foam can be nitric acid, sulfuric acid or mixtures thereof.
- the acid concentration of the aqueous solution is 0.3 N to 4 N.
- the acid concentration nitric in the liquid phase is low, for example from 0.3 to 2 mol / l, and preferably 0.3 to 0.35 mol / l, in because of the problems of partial insolubility of this amine oxide in nitric medium. Too much acidity low, for example less than 0.3 N, is not desirable because it leads to the insolubilization of the cerium. Conversely, significant acidity leads to slower solubilization kinetics of cerium and does not increase the efficiency of the process in a significative way.
- An acidity of the order of 2N is suitable for particularly for the decontamination of surfaces in stainless steel.
- Cerium (IV) may be present in the liquid phase of the foam in the form of cerium or double nitrate of ammonium and cerium.
- the inorganic acid is nitric acid
- cerium we prefer to add cerium to the liquid phase under the form of nitrate by generating it in a electrolysis cell from nitrate of cerium (III). Indeed, this avoids introduction into the sulfate ion foam or ammonium which could be troublesome.
- the cerium (IV) concentration of the phase foam liquid is preferably 0.01 to 0.2 mol / l.
- the optimal value is around 0.05 mol / l.
- the total concentration of oxide-based surfactant amine is generally in the range of 5 to 50 g / l.
- This concentration is chosen according to of the amine oxide used.
- a concentration is advantageously used in Aromox® of about 10 to 40 g / l, and preferably of 25 to 30 g / l.
- Ninox® we can also use concentrations of 10 to 40 g / l, but preferably 20 to 30 g / l.
- Ninox® leads to drier foams and more stable therefore having a longer lifespan while Aromox® tends to moisten the foam and decrease its stability.
- the surfactant consists of a mixture of amine oxides
- a concentration is chosen adapted according to the proportions of the amine oxides in the mixture.
- cerium (IV) is added in the form of cerium sulfate, cerium double nitrate and ammonium or cerium (IV) electrogenerated from cerium (III) nitrate, and add the or amine oxide surfactants. This order is chosen to facilitate the solubilization of cerium (IV) because it decreases in presence of surfactants.
- the foam generator in which the pressurized gas phase in a diffuser within the liquid phase introduced into the generator.
- the size of the gas bubbles depends on the flow of gas phase, its distribution through the pores of the sintered plate constituting the diffuser and above all the pressure drop caused by the packing porous.
- the foam gas content by choosing so appropriate flow rates and inlet pressures of the liquid phase and the gas phase in the generator.
- the gas phase can be a gas or a mixture of gases, for example oxygen, dioxide nitrogen, argon and most often air. Debits of gas and liquid are chosen so as to obtain a foam with an abundance in the range ranging from 5 to 40 and preferably from 10 to 20.
- V gas + V liquid V foam V liquid in which V represents the volume of gas (V gas ), liquid (V liq ) or foam (V foam ).
- the foams of the invention can be used in a range of temperatures from 15 to 65 ° C. At high temperature, the kinetics are accelerated attack of the metal surface to be decontaminated, but at the same time the reduction of cerium (IV) in cerium (III) by surfactants is favored. The foams obtained are of lower quality because more dry and less stable. If the temperature is too weak, the kinetics of chemical attack of the surface to decontaminate will be slow. For use optimal cerium (IV) foams, temperature should be in the range of 20 to 50 ° C.
- the foams of the invention can be destabilized by mechanical means, for example by ultrasound, in order to separate quickly the liquid phase of the foam at the end of operation.
- the single figure represents the device used for foam foam testing decontamination.
- cerium (IV) Preliminary resistance tests at cerium (IV) of these surfactants were made in using a 1M nitric acid solution containing 0.03 mol / l of cerium (IV) and a mass proportion Aromox® from 2.8 to 3% or NinoxFCA from 2.5 to 3%. In table 1 which follows, the proportion is indicated. cerium (IV) molar not consumed after 24 hours and 60 hours in the presence of an excess of these surfactants, as well as the appearance of the liquid phase.
- Tables 1 and 5 show a exceptional stability of AROMOX amine oxides by compared to that of any other surfactant and a good behavior of NINOX amine oxides from the point of view foamability. So it's on the basis of these molecules that the amine formulation study has been carried out.
- a liquid foam phase is prepared, formed from an aqueous solution of cerium (IV) and Aromox® containing 1 mol / l of nitric acid, 2.8% by weight of Aromox® and 0 , 03 mol / l of cerium (IV), then the evolution of the concentration of cerium (IV) of this solution is determined as a function of time.
- Table 6 which follows. Time (h) Cerium (IV) concentration (mol.l -1 ) % of cerium (IV) remaining 0 0.03 100 12 0.027 90 24 0.023 77 36 0.019 63 48 0.016 53
- phase foam liquid consisting of an acid solution sulfuric at 1 mol / l including 0.06 mol / l of cerium (IV) and 2.8% by weight of Aromox®.
- phase foam liquid consisting of an acid solution 1 mol / l nitric containing 0.03 mol / l of cerium (IV) and 2.5% by weight of surfactant consisting of Ninox FCA.
- Example 1 We determine as in Example 1 the evolution of the cerium concentration of the solution as a function of time.
- a foam is generated according to a given laboratory protocol and the liquid which has drained over time is recovered.
- the quality criteria closely depend on the desired application. In decontamination, some qualitative criteria can be set, this is the first stage. In a second step, it is possible, using a representative model of the intended application, here the decontamination of large components, to quantify certain properties.
- the drainage rate qualifies the proportion of liquid present in the foam at the high level and at the low level. It is defined as the ratio of the flow of liquid on the wall on the liquid flow introduced to the entry at the bottom of the vertical column multiplied by The test is carried out at 20 ⁇ 2 ° C.
- cerium (IV) is preferably introduced in the form of sulfate, it is possible introduce it all at once or add it gradually in the form of metered additions. We prefer do not exceed a molar concentration of 0.15 mol / l cerium (IV).
- Aromox® In nitric medium, the function is better with Ninox®, but given its durability weaker chemical vis-à-vis cerium (IV), Aromox® may be preferred for long duration. With Aromox®, however, preferably nitric acid concentration solutions around 0.35 mol / l and a concentration of cerium (IV) less than 0.03 mol / l due to problems of partial insolubility of Aromox® in nitric medium.
- Amonyl® is a sulfobetaine corresponding to the following formula: in which R 1 is an alkyl group and X represents COO - or SO - 3 .
- Oramix® is an alkyl oligosaccharide ether corresponding to the following formula: in which n is an integer from 1 to 5 and R 2 is a C 8 to C 10 alkyl group.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Description
- d'une phase liquide formant le milieu de dispersion, qui renferme le ou les réactifs de décontamination et le ou les additifs nécessaire(s) pour former la mousse, et
- d'une phase gazeuse constituant la phase dispersée qui est généralement formée d'air, d'azote ou d'un gaz neutre.
- au moins un acide inorganique,
- au moins un agent oxydant choisi parmi l'argent (II), le cobalt (III), le permanganate de potassium et le cérium (IV).
- un tensioactif comprenant au moins un oxyde d'amine ; et
- Aromox® fourni par la société AKZO NOBEL, et
- Ninox® fourni par la Société STEPAN.
- 0,3 à 2 mol/l de HNO3,
- 0,01 à 0,1 mol/l de cérium (IV), et
- 25 à 30 g/l d'oxyde de cocodiméthylamine.
- 0,2 à 3 mol/l de H2SO4,
- 0,01 à 0,2 mol/l de cérium (IV), et
- 25 à 30 g/l d'oxyde de cocodiméthylamine.
- 0,3 à 2 mol/l de HNO3,
- 0,01 à 0,1 mol/l de cérium (IV), et
- 20 à 30 g/l d'oxyde de cocamidopropylamine.
| Oxyde d'amine | Proportion massique | Teneur en cérium (IV) après 24 h. | Teneur en cérium (IV) après 60 h. | Aspect de la phase liquide. |
| Aromox | 3 % | 77 % | 55 % | Diphasique |
| Ninox FCA | 3 % | 63 % | 19 % | Solubilité partielle |
| Ninox L | 3 % | 74 % | 50 % | Diphasique |
| Ninox M | 3 % | 80 % | 54 % | Diphasique |
| Tensioactif | Nom commercial | Réduct. totale du Ce(IV) | Moussabilité | Produit de déformation |
| Oxyde de myristamine | NINOX M | 27 h | ++ | précipité |
| Oxyde de lauramine | NINOX L | 23 h | ++ | Totalement soluble |
| Oxyde de cocoamido propylamine | NINOX FCA | 27 h | + | " |
| Oxyde de diméthylalkylamine | AROMOX | 8 jours | ++ | diphasique |
| ++ : mousse abondante et stable. | ||||
| + : mousse peu abondante et stable. |
| Temps (h) | Concentration en cérium (IV) (mol.l-1) | % de cérium (IV) restant |
| 0 | 0,03 | 100 |
| 12 | 0,027 | 90 |
| 24 | 0,023 | 77 |
| 36 | 0,019 | 63 |
| 48 | 0,016 | 53 |
| Temps (h) | Concentration en cérium (IV) (mol.l-1) | % de cérium (IV) restant |
| 0 | 0,06 | 100 |
| 68 | 0,051 | 85 |
| Temps (min) | Concentration en cérium (IV) (mol.l-1) | % de cérium (IV) restant |
| 0 | 0,03 | 100 |
| 25 | 0,023 | 77 |
| 30 | 0,017 | 57 |
| 90 | 0,014 | 47 |
- drainage homogène en paroi sur la hauteur de la colonne (assez important pour assurer un bon renouvellement de la solution au niveau des parois du composant),
- une stabilité pas trop importante pour permettre la gestion de la mousse en boucle fermée (durée de vie de l'ordre de vingt minutes),
- des tailles de bulles homogènes dans la colonne pour favoriser une décontamination uniforme dans le composant.
- d'un réacteur agité 5 contenant une solution tensioactive liquide,
- d'une pompe pneumatique 7 permettant de transférer la solution liquide vers le générateur de mousse 9,
- d'un générateur statique de mousse 9,
- d'une colonne 11 d'une trentaine de litres simulant l'enceinte à décontaminer,
- d'une tuyauterie 3 permettant le retour de la mousse vers le réacteur,
- d'un dispositif d'injection de déstabilisation de la mousse de manière réversible.
| MOUSSE CERIUM 1 | MOUSSE CERIUM 2 | MOUSSE CERIUM 3 | MOUSSE CERIUM 4 | MOUSSE CERIUM 5 | |
| Composition tensioactifs (% massique) | Aromox® 2,8 % | Ninox ® 2,5 % | Aromox® 2,8 % | Aromox ® 2,8 % | Aromox ® 2,8 % |
| Composition réactifs (mol.l-1) | HNO3 : 0,35 mol.l-1 Ce IV : 0,03 mol.l-1 | HNO3: 0,35 mol.l-1 Ce IV : 0,03 mol.l-1 | H2SO4: 1 mol.l-1 Ce IV : 0,03 mol.l-1 | H2SO4: 1 mol.l-1 Ce IV : 0,03 mol.l-1 | H2SO4: 1 mol.l-1 Ce IV : 0,12 mol.l-1 |
| Débit liquide (10-6 m3.s-1) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 3,33 | 3,83 |
| Débit d'air (m3.s-1) | 50 | 50 | 50 | 44 | 50 |
| Foisonnement | 11 | 11 | 11 | 14,3 | 14 |
| Vitesse de génération (10-6 m3.s-1) | 31 | 26 | 36 | 54 | 55,7 |
| Drainage haut % du débit liquide total | 13 % | 13 % | 16,5 | 14 % | 16 % |
| Drainage bas % du débit liquide total | 20 % | 23 % | 29,5 % | 25 % | 26 % |
- débit de liquide : 5 m3.s-1
- débit d'air : 50 m3.s-1
| Fraction massique % Ninox® | Fraction massique % Aromox® | Observations |
| 0,1 | 1,44 | remplissage maximal de la colonne : < 15 litres |
| 0,13 | 1,33 | remplissage maximal de la colonne : 17 litres |
| 0,167 | 1,2 | remplissage maximal de la colonne : 21 litres |
| 0,214 | 1,03 | remplissage maximal de la colonne : 24 litres |
| Ex | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| Tensioactifs (% massique) | Aromox® 2,8 % | Ninox® 2,5 % | Aromox® 2,8 % | Aromox® 2,8 % | Aromox ® 2,8 % |
| Composition réactifs (mol.l-1) | HNO3 : 0,35 mol.l-1 Ce IV : 0,03 mol.l-1 | HNO3 : 1 mol.l-1 Ce IV : 0,03 mol.l-1 | H2SO4: 1 mol.l-1 Ce IV : 0,03 mol.l-1 | H2SO4 : 1 mol.l-1 Ce IV : 0,06 mol.l-1 | H2SO4 1 mol.l-1 Ce IV : 0,12 mol.l-1 |
| Débit liquide (10-6 m3.s) | 5 | 5 | 3,33 | 3,33 | 3,83 |
| Débit d'air (m3.s-1) | 50 | 50 | 44 | 44 | 50 |
| Foisonnement | 11 | 11 | 14,3 | 14,3 | 14 |
| Durée de l'essai (s) | 9000 | 7200 | 7200 | 7200 | 7200 |
| Erosion totale (µm) | 0,16 | 0,01 | 0,12 | 0,16 | 0,36 |
| Vitesse d'érosion moyenne (µm.h-1) | 0,064 | 0,005 | 0,06 | 0,08 | 0,18 |
Claims (17)
- Mousse de décontamination comprenant :a) une phase liquide constituée par une solution aqueuse comprenant :au moins un acide inorganique,au moins un agent oxydant choisi parmi l'argent (II), le cobalt (III), le permanganate de potassium et le cérium (IV), etun tensioactif comprenant au moins un oxyde d'amine ; etb) une phase gazeuse dispersée dans la phase liquide.
- Mousse selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle l'acide inorganique est choisi parmi HNO3, H2SO4 et leurs mélanges.
- Mousse selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle la concentration en acide de la solution aqueuse est de 0,3 N à 4 N.
- Mousse selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle l'agent oxydant est le cérium (IV).
- Mousse selon la revendication 4, dans laquelle la concentration en cérium (IV) de la solution aqueuse est de 0,01 à 0,2 mol/l.
- Mousse selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans laquelle l'oxyde d'amine répond à la formule : dans laquelle R1, R2 et R3 qui peuvent être identiques ou différents, sont des groupes hydrocarbonés de 1 à 20 atomes de carbone, éventuellement substitués, l'un au moins des R1, R2 et R3 étant un groupe hydrocarboné d'au moins 8 atomes de carbone.
- Mousse selon la revendication 6, dans laquelle la concentration en oxyde d'amine de la solution aqueuse est de 5 à 50 g/l.
- Mousse selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans laquelle l'oxyde d'amine est l'oxyde de cocodiméthylamine.
- Mousse selon la revendication 8, dans laquelle la concentration en oxyde d'amine de la solution aqueuse est d'environ 10 à 40 g/l.
- Mousse selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans laquelle l'oxyde d'amine est l'oxyde de cocamidopropylamine.
- Mousse selon la revendication 10, dans laquelle la concentration en oxyde d'amine de la solution aqueuse est de 10 à 40 g/l.
- Mousse selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans laquelle l'oxyde d'amine est l'oxyde de lauramine ou l'oxyde de myristamine.
- Mousse selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la phase liquide est une solution aqueuse comprenant 0,3 à 2 mol/l de HNO3, 0,01 à 0,1 mol/l de cérium (IV) et 25 à 30 g/l d'oxyde de cocodiméthylamine.
- Mousse selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la phase liquide est une solution aqueuse comprenant 0,2 à 3 mol/l de H2SO4, 0,01 à 0,2 mol/l de cérium (IV) et 25 à 30 g/l d'oxyde de cocodiméthylamine.
- Mousse selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la phase liquide est une solution aqueuse comprenant 0,3 à 2 mol/l de HNO3, 0,01 à 0,1 mol/l de cérium (IV) et 20 à 30 g/l d'oxyde de cocamidopropylamine.
- Utilisation d'une mousse selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 14, dans la gamme de température allant de 15°C à 65°C.
- Utilisation d'une mousse selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 15, pour la décontamination d'équipements métalliques.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9802836 | 1998-03-09 | ||
| FR9802836A FR2775606B1 (fr) | 1998-03-09 | 1998-03-09 | Mousse de decontamination comprenant un agent oxydant tel que le cerium (iv) |
| PCT/FR1999/000514 WO1999046010A1 (fr) | 1998-03-09 | 1999-03-08 | Mousse de decontamination comprenant un agent oxydant tel que le cerium (iv) |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1062006A1 EP1062006A1 (fr) | 2000-12-27 |
| EP1062006B1 true EP1062006B1 (fr) | 2001-12-12 |
Family
ID=9523806
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99907664A Expired - Lifetime EP1062006B1 (fr) | 1998-03-09 | 1999-03-08 | Mousse de decontamination comprenant un agent oxydant tel que le cerium (iv) |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1062006B1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2732199A (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69900595T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2169946T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2775606B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1999046010A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6566574B1 (en) * | 1998-06-30 | 2003-05-20 | Sandia Corporation | Formulations for neutralization of chemical and biological toxants |
| US7390432B2 (en) | 1998-06-30 | 2008-06-24 | Sandia Corporation | Enhanced formulations for neutralization of chemical, biological and industrial toxants |
| FR2841802B1 (fr) * | 2002-07-08 | 2005-03-04 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Composition, mousse et procede de decontamination de surfaces |
| US11220781B2 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2022-01-11 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Coating materials, and personal protective clothing items coated with the coating materials |
| US11266865B2 (en) | 2017-12-05 | 2022-03-08 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Decontamination compositions and methods of decontamination |
| CN111655343A (zh) * | 2017-12-05 | 2020-09-11 | 巴特尔纪念研究院 | 净化组合物和净化方法 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3219670C1 (de) * | 1982-05-26 | 1983-10-27 | Kaercher Gmbh & Co Alfred | Entgiftungsfluessigkeit |
| JPS63172799A (ja) * | 1987-01-12 | 1988-07-16 | 日本パ−カライジング株式会社 | アルミニウムの表面洗浄剤 |
| FR2679458A1 (fr) * | 1991-07-23 | 1993-01-29 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Mousse de decontamination a duree de vie controlee et installation de decontamination d'objets utilisant une telle mousse. |
| DE4331942C2 (de) * | 1993-09-21 | 1996-02-22 | Loeffler Karl Gmbh & Co Kg | Verwendung einer Zusammensetzung zur Reinigung und Desinfektion von Gegenständen in der Brauindustrie |
| FR2730641B1 (fr) * | 1995-02-20 | 1997-03-14 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Mousse de decontamination a l'ozone, et procede de decontamination utilisant cette mousse |
-
1998
- 1998-03-09 FR FR9802836A patent/FR2775606B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-03-08 DE DE69900595T patent/DE69900595T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-08 ES ES99907664T patent/ES2169946T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-08 WO PCT/FR1999/000514 patent/WO1999046010A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1999-03-08 EP EP99907664A patent/EP1062006B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-08 AU AU27321/99A patent/AU2732199A/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1062006A1 (fr) | 2000-12-27 |
| WO1999046010A1 (fr) | 1999-09-16 |
| DE69900595T2 (de) | 2002-07-18 |
| AU2732199A (en) | 1999-09-27 |
| DE69900595D1 (de) | 2002-01-24 |
| ES2169946T3 (es) | 2002-07-16 |
| FR2775606B1 (fr) | 2000-03-31 |
| FR2775606A1 (fr) | 1999-09-10 |
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