EP1069096A1 - Non-azide gas generating composition - Google Patents
Non-azide gas generating composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1069096A1 EP1069096A1 EP00113004A EP00113004A EP1069096A1 EP 1069096 A1 EP1069096 A1 EP 1069096A1 EP 00113004 A EP00113004 A EP 00113004A EP 00113004 A EP00113004 A EP 00113004A EP 1069096 A1 EP1069096 A1 EP 1069096A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- composition according
- nitrate
- mixtures
- guanidine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 nitrogenous heterocyclic organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- ULRPISSMEBPJLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-tetrazol-5-amine Chemical compound NC1=NN=NN1 ULRPISSMEBPJLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-tetrazole Chemical compound C=1N=NNN=1 KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidine;nitric acid Chemical compound NC(N)=N.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940093915 gynecological organic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-3,3-difluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(Br)C=C GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LRFVTYWOQMYALW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthine Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)NC2=C1NC=N2 LRFVTYWOQMYALW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BXTYRIKKNHXERN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alloxanoic acid 4tms NIST Chemical compound OC(=O)C1(O)NC(=O)NC1=O BXTYRIKKNHXERN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uracil Chemical compound O=C1C=CNC(=O)N1 ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- POJWUDADGALRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N allantoin Chemical compound NC(=O)NC1NC(=O)NC1=O POJWUDADGALRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HIMXGTXNXJYFGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N alloxan Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(=O)C(=O)N1 HIMXGTXNXJYFGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N creatinine Chemical compound CN1CC(=O)NC1=N DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ROBFUDYVXSDBQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymalonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)C(O)=O ROBFUDYVXSDBQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PXQPEWDEAKTCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N orotic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(=O)NC(=O)N1 PXQPEWDEAKTCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FFSJPOPLSWBGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazol-4-one Chemical compound O=C1C=NN=N1 FFSJPOPLSWBGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QJTIRVUEVSKJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-nitro-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-one Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=NC(=O)NN1 QJTIRVUEVSKJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KBJCHZXIAAWHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidine;perchloric acid Chemical compound NC(N)=N.OCl(=O)(=O)=O KBJCHZXIAAWHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002357 guanidines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical class OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- JGZAFSFVZSXXCJ-ONEGZZNKSA-N (E)-bis(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)diazene Chemical compound N(=N\C1=NN=NN1)/C1=NN=NN1 JGZAFSFVZSXXCJ-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JJGGIYYGVKGMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-triazole-3,4,5-triamine Chemical compound NC1=NN=C(N)N1N JJGGIYYGVKGMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UDATXMIGEVPXTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-triazolidine-3,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1NNC(=O)N1 UDATXMIGEVPXTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BVGPZRCQJJMXBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diaminoguanidine;nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O.NN\C(N)=N/N BVGPZRCQJJMXBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IDCPFAYURAQKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitroguanidine Chemical compound NC(=N)N[N+]([O-])=O IDCPFAYURAQKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CAAMSDWKXXPUJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one Chemical compound O=C1CNC=N1 CAAMSDWKXXPUJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BAKYASSDAXQKKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzaldehyde Chemical compound CC1=CC(C=O)=CC=C1O BAKYASSDAXQKKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BWFMTHGMFVQPSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-amino-1,2,4-triazolidine-3,5-dione Chemical compound NN1C(=O)NNC1=O BWFMTHGMFVQPSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YFQOVSGFCVQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,6-dihydroxyuracil Chemical compound OC=1NC(=O)NC(=O)C=1O YFQOVSGFCVQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ABICJYZKIYUWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-nitro-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O ABICJYZKIYUWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HRRVLSKRYVIEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-hydroxy-5-nitroso-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=C(N=O)C(O)=N1 HRRVLSKRYVIEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- POJWUDADGALRAB-PVQJCKRUSA-N Allantoin Natural products NC(=O)N[C@@H]1NC(=O)NC1=O POJWUDADGALRAB-PVQJCKRUSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005983 Maleic hydrazide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BGRDGMRNKXEXQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Maleic hydrazide Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)N=N1 BGRDGMRNKXEXQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric Acid Chemical compound N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1NC(=O)N2 LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric acid Natural products N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2NC(=O)NC21 TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960000458 allantoin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- UFRRRMXNFIGHPC-CPZJCIGYSA-N alloxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C#CC1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC#CC2=C(C)CC(O)CC2(C)C UFRRRMXNFIGHPC-CPZJCIGYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MASBWURJQFFLOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammeline Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(O)=N1 MASBWURJQFFLOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- HNYOPLTXPVRDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N barbituric acid Chemical compound O=C1CC(=O)NC(=O)N1 HNYOPLTXPVRDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- STIAPHVBRDNOAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamimidoylazanium;carbonate Chemical compound NC(N)=N.NC(N)=N.OC(O)=O STIAPHVBRDNOAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940109239 creatinine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- SMEDVXJKKOXLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyamelide Chemical compound N=C1OC(=N)OC(=N)O1 SMEDVXJKKOXLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BVEWMNTVZPFPQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuric acid Chemical compound OC1C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O BVEWMNTVZPFPQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JKFAIQOWCVVSKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N furazan Chemical compound C=1C=NON=1 JKFAIQOWCVVSKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PKWIYNIDEDLDCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanazole Chemical compound NC1=NNC(N)=N1 PKWIYNIDEDLDCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WJRBRSLFGCUECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydantoin Chemical compound O=C1CNC(=O)N1 WJRBRSLFGCUECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940091173 hydantoin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UAGLZAPCOXRKPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;1,2,3-triaminoguanidine Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O.NNC(NN)=NN UAGLZAPCOXRKPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960005010 orotic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- ZFLIKDUSUDBGCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N parabanic acid Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(=O)N1 ZFLIKDUSUDBGCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazol-3-one Chemical compound O=C1C=CN=N1 JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940035893 uracil Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940116269 uric acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940075420 xanthine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical class [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- CHNUOJQWGUIOLD-NFZZJPOKSA-N epalrestat Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C(/C)\C=C1/SC(=S)N(CC(O)=O)C1=O CHNUOJQWGUIOLD-NFZZJPOKSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002588 FeOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JZQOJFLIJNRDHK-CMDGGOBGSA-N alpha-irone Chemical compound CC1CC=C(C)C(\C=C\C(C)=O)C1(C)C JZQOJFLIJNRDHK-CMDGGOBGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 2
- AEIXRCIKZIZYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxy(oxo)iron Chemical compound [O][Fe]O AEIXRCIKZIZYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- YTNLBRCAVHCUPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(1$l^{2},2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-1$l^{2},2,3,4-tetrazole Chemical compound [N]1N=NN=C1C1=NN=N[N]1 YTNLBRCAVHCUPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001963 alkali metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001964 alkaline earth metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010420 art technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003851 azoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001609 comparable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052598 goethite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006540 α-FeOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006299 γ-FeOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/02—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents for neutralising poisonous gases from explosives produced during blasting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
- C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine azidfreie gaserzeugende Zusammensetzung, die im wesentlichen aus wenigstens einem organischen Brennstoff, wenigstens einem anorganischen Oxidator und Eisenoxid besteht. Die Zusammensetzung eignet sich insbesondere zur Verwendung in Gasgeneratoren für Fahrzeuginsassen-Rückhaltesysteme.The present invention relates to an acid-free gas-generating Composition consisting essentially of at least one organic Fuel, at least one inorganic oxidizer and iron oxide consists. The composition is particularly suitable for use in Gas generators for vehicle occupant restraint systems.
Gaserzeugende Zusammensetzungen dieser Art sind beispielsweise aus der DE-C2-44 11 654 bekannt. Das darin beschriebene gaserzeugende Gemisch besteht aus 20 bis 50 Gew.-% einer stickstoffreichen organischen Verbindung mit einem Stickstoffgehalt von mindestens 40 Gew.-%, 20 bis 70 Gew.-% eines anorganischen Oxidators, 0 bis 40 Gew.-% eines Übergangsmetalloxids sowie 0,1 bis 20 Gew.-% Zeolith. Als Übergangsmetalloxid ist insbesondere Eisenoxid mit einer mittleren Teilchengröße von weniger als 1 µm und einer spezifischen Oberfläche von mehr als 8 m2/g nach BET genannt. Der Zeolithzusatz soll eine Reduktion des Kohlenmonoxid- und Stickoxidanteils in dem durch den Abbrand der gaserzeugenden Zusammensetzung entstehenden Gasgemisch bewirken.Gas-generating compositions of this type are known, for example, from DE-C2-44 11 654. The gas-generating mixture described therein consists of 20 to 50% by weight of a nitrogen-rich organic compound with a nitrogen content of at least 40% by weight, 20 to 70% by weight of an inorganic oxidizer, 0 to 40% by weight of a transition metal oxide and 0.1 to 20 wt% zeolite. Iron oxide with an average particle size of less than 1 μm and a specific surface area of more than 8 m 2 / g according to BET is mentioned in particular as the transition metal oxide. The addition of zeolite is said to bring about a reduction in the proportion of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide in the gas mixture resulting from the combustion of the gas-generating composition.
Das gleiche Ziel wird in der US-PS 5,139,588 verfolgt, die eine gaserzeugende Zusammensetzung auf der Grundlage von Azolverbindungen, wie zum Beispiel Triazol, Aminotetrazol, Tetrazol, Bitetrazol und Metallsalzen dieser Verbindungen beschreibt. Zur Verminderung des Schadgasanteils wird hier der Zusatz eines Alkalimetallsalzes einer anorganischen oder organischen Säure vorgeschlagen, welches aus der aus den Carbonaten, Triazolen, Tetrazolen sowie Salzen von 5 Aminotetrazol, Bitetrazol und 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-on bestehenden Gruppe ausgewählt ist.The same goal is pursued in US Pat. No. 5,139,588, the one gas generating composition based on azole compounds, such as triazole, aminotetrazole, tetrazole, bitetrazole and Describes metal salts of these compounds. To reduce the The proportion of harmful gas is the addition of an alkali metal salt proposed inorganic or organic acid, which from the the carbonates, triazoles, tetrazoles and salts of 5 aminotetrazole, Bitetrazol and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one selected group is.
In der WO-A-97/29927 wird im Zusammenhang mit der Verringerung des Anteils von Schadgasen allgemein eine Verwendung von Katalysatoren vorgeschlagen, die eine Umwandlung von Kohlenmonoxid und Stickoxiden in Kohlendioxid und Stickstoff begünstigen. Als bevorzugte Katalysatoren werden Alkalimetallsalze, Erdalkalimetallsalze und Übergangsmetallsalze von Tetrazolen, Bistetrazolen und Triazolen genannt. Ebenso wird die Verwendung von Übergangsmetalloxiden in einem Anteil von 0,1 bis 10 Gew.-% empfohlen.In WO-A-97/29927 in connection with the reduction of Share of harmful gases generally use of catalysts proposed a conversion of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides into Favor carbon dioxide and nitrogen. As preferred catalysts become alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts and transition metal salts of tetrazoles, bistrazoles and triazoles. Likewise, the Use of transition metal oxides in a proportion of 0.1 to 10 % By weight recommended.
Aufgrund des Einsatzzwecks der gaserzeugenden Zusammensetzungen in Gasgeneratoren für Fahrzeuginsassen-Rückhaltesysteme ist eine Verringerung des Anteils toxischer Gase in dem durch den Abbrand der gaserzeugenden Zusammensetzungen entstehenden Gasgemisch erforderlich, um eine Gefährung der Fahrzeuginsassen zu vermeiden. Die im Stand der Technik in diesem Zusammenhang vorgeschlagenen Maßnahmen erfordern aber meist den Zusatz weiterer Komponenten und führen somit zu einem Anstieg der Herstellungskosten. Ferner können diese weiteren Komponenten auch das Abbrandverhalten des gaserzeugenden Gemisches in unerwünschter Weise beeinflussen.Due to the intended use of the gas generating compositions in Gas generators for vehicle occupant restraint systems is a reduction of the proportion of toxic gases in the by the combustion of the resulting gas mixture required gas-generating compositions, to avoid danger to the vehicle occupants. The state of the art Techniques proposed in this context require measures usually the addition of other components and thus lead to an increase the manufacturing cost. Furthermore, these other components can also the burning behavior of the gas-generating mixture in undesirable Influence wise.
Es besteht daher weiterhin Bedarf an günstig herzustellenden gaserzeugenden Gemischen, die in Gasgeneratoren für Fahrzeuginsassen-Rückhaltesysteme verwendet werden können, und die einen niedrigen Anteil von toxischen Gasen im aus den Zusammensetzungen freigesetzten Gasgemisch aufweisen.There is therefore still a need for gas-producing gas generators that are inexpensive to produce Mixtures used in gas generators for vehicle occupant restraint systems can be used, and the low one Proportion of toxic gases released from the compositions Have gas mixture.
Gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung wird hierzu ein azidfreies gaserzeugendes Gemisch zur Verwendung in Gasgeneratoren für Fahrzeuginsassen-Rückhaltesysteme bereitgestellt, welches im wesentlichen aus wenigstens einem organischen Brennstoff, wenigstens einem anorganischen Oxidator und Eisenoxid besteht, und welches dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß das Eisenoxid braunes, ferromagnetisches γ-Fe2O3 ist.According to the present invention there is provided an azide-free gas-generating mixture for use in gas generators for vehicle occupant restraint systems, which essentially consists of at least one organic fuel, at least one inorganic oxidizer and iron oxide, and which is characterized in that the iron oxide is brown, ferromagnetic γ -Fe 2 O 3 is.
Eisenoxid existiert in den verschiedensten Modifikationen; man unterscheidet beispielsweise zwischen rotem α-Fe2O3 (Hämatit), braunem γ-Fe2O3 (Maghämit), schwarzem Fe3O4 (Magnetit), gelbem α-FeOOH (Goethit) und gelbem γ-FeOOH (Lepidokrokit), die sowohl natürlich vorkommen als auch synthetisch hergestellt werden können. Das erfindungsgemäß bevorzugte Eisenoxid ist synthetisch hergestelltes, braunes, ferromagnetisches Eisenoxid (γ-Fe2O3; Maghämit). Besonders bevorzugt weist das Eisenoxid eine mittlere Teilchengröße von ≤ 1 µm und eine spezifische Oberfläche von ≥ 10 m2/g auf.Iron oxide exists in various modifications; a distinction is made, for example, between red α-Fe 2 O 3 (hematite), brown γ-Fe 2 O 3 (maghemite), black Fe 3 O 4 (magnetite), yellow α-FeOOH (goethite) and yellow γ-FeOOH (lepidocrocite) that occur naturally and can also be produced synthetically. The iron oxide preferred according to the invention is synthetically produced, brown, ferromagnetic iron oxide (γ-Fe 2 O 3 ; maghemite). The iron oxide particularly preferably has an average particle size of 1 1 μm and a specific surface area of 10 10 m 2 / g.
Der Kerngedanke der Erfindung ist die Verwendung von braunem γ-Eisenoxid anstelle des üblicherweise verwendeten roten Eisenoxids (α-Fe2O3, Hämatit) oder sonstiger Eisenoxide. Schon aufgrund der Auswahl von γ-Eisenoxid als einer speziellen Modifikation der zur Verfügung stehenden Eisenoxide kann eine erhebliche Reduzierung des Schadgasanteils, insbesondere des Anteils an Stickoxiden, erreicht werden. Das der vorliegenden Erfindung zugrundeliegende Prinzip des Austausches von rotem Eisenoxid gegen braunes γ-Eisenoxid ist insbesondere für Zusammensetzungen verwendbar, die ohnehin Eisenoxid als wirksamen Bestandteil enthalten. Die Erfindung ist jedoch nicht auf derartige gaserzeugende Zusammensetzungen beschränkt, sondern sinngemäß auf alle azidfreien gaserzeugenden Gemische anwendbar.The main idea of the invention is the use of brown γ-iron oxide instead of the commonly used red iron oxide (α-Fe 2 O 3 , hematite) or other iron oxides. The selection of γ-iron oxide as a special modification of the available iron oxides allows a considerable reduction in the proportion of harmful gas, in particular the proportion of nitrogen oxides, to be achieved. The principle of the exchange of red iron oxide for brown γ-iron oxide on which the present invention is based can be used in particular for compositions which contain iron oxide as an active ingredient anyway. However, the invention is not restricted to such gas-generating compositions, but rather can be applied analogously to all azide-free gas-generating mixtures.
Eine theoretische Erklärung für die höhere Reaktivität des γ-Fe2O3 im Vergleich zu dem üblicherweise verwendeten α-Fe2O3 könnte in der spinellartigen Kristallstruktur von γ-Fe2O3 gegenüber der KorundStruktur von α-Fe2O3 und der damit verbundenen, um 5,7 kJ/mol geringeren Bildungswärme von γ-Fe2O3 zu sehen sein. Reaktionen mit γ-Fe2O3 sind daher um den genannten Betrag energetisch günstiger. Die geringere Härte von γ-Fe2O3 begünstigt zudem dessen Verarbeitung.A theoretical explanation for the higher reactivity of γ-Fe 2 O 3 compared to the commonly used α-Fe 2 O 3 could be found in the spinel-like crystal structure of γ-Fe 2 O 3 compared to the corundum structure of α-Fe 2 O 3 and associated, 5.7 kJ / mol lower heat of formation of γ-Fe 2 O 3 can be seen. Reactions with γ-Fe 2 O 3 are therefore more energetically favorable by the amount mentioned. The lower hardness of γ-Fe 2 O 3 also favors its processing.
Eine Verwendung von Fe3O4 ist wegen seiner geringeren Oxidationsäquivalenz nachteilhaft, da zur Oxidation gleicher Mengen an Brennstoff größere Mengen Eisenoxid benötigt werden. Dies ist wegen der damit verbundenen Verschlechterung der Gasausbeute nicht erwünscht. Der Einsatz von FeOOH ist wegen des hohen Anteils an gebundenem Wasser nicht bevorzugt, da dieses Wasser beim Abbrand des gaserzeugenden Gemisches verdampft und die Abbrandgeschwindigkeit hierdurch zu stark herabgesetzt wird. Versuche haben zudem ergehen, daß bei Verwendung von Fe3O4 oder FeOOH die Verringerung des Stickoxidanteils im Gasgemisch nicht in gleichem Maße auftritt wie bei der Verwendung von γ-Fe2O3.The use of Fe 3 O 4 is disadvantageous because of its lower oxidation equivalence, since larger amounts of iron oxide are required to oxidize the same amounts of fuel. This is not desirable because of the associated deterioration in the gas yield. The use of FeOOH is not preferred because of the high proportion of bound water, since this water evaporates when the gas-generating mixture burns off and the burning rate is thereby reduced too much. Tests have also shown that when using Fe 3 O 4 or FeOOH, the reduction in the nitrogen oxide content in the gas mixture does not occur to the same extent as when using γ-Fe 2 O 3 .
Der Anteil des γ-Fe2O3 in der erfindungsgemäßen gaserzeugenden Zusammensetzung beträgt vorzugsweise 2 bis 50 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt etwa 10 bis 40 Gew.-%.The proportion of γ-Fe 2 O 3 in the gas-generating composition according to the invention is preferably 2 to 50% by weight, particularly preferably approximately 10 to 40% by weight.
Als organischer Brennstoff werden vorzugsweise stickstoffreiche Tetrazol-, Triazol- oder Guanidin-Verbindungen sowie deren Mischungen eingesetzt. Beispiele für diese Verbindungen sind 5-Aminotetrazol, 1H-Tetrazol, Bistetrazol, Azotetrazol, Triazolon, Nitrotriazolon, Guanidincarbonat, Guanidinnitrat, Guanidinperchlorat, Aminoguanidinnitrat, Guanidinperchlorat, Diaminoguanidinnitrat, Triaminoguanidinnitrat, Nitroguanidin sowie deren Salze, Derivate oder deren Mischungen.Nitrogen-rich are preferably used as the organic fuel Tetrazole, triazole or guanidine compounds and mixtures thereof used. Examples of these compounds are 5-aminotetrazole, 1H-tetrazole, Bistristole, azotetrazole, triazolone, nitrotriazolone, Guanidine carbonate, guanidine nitrate, guanidine perchlorate, aminoguanidine nitrate, Guanidine perchlorate, diaminoguanidine nitrate, triaminoguanidine nitrate, Nitroguanidine and its salts, derivatives or mixtures thereof.
Der organische Brennstoff kann ferner aus der aus stickstoffhaltigen heterocyclischen organischen Säuren sowie deren Mischungen bestehenden Gruppe ausgewählt sein. Beispiele für diese stickstoffhaltigen heterocyclischen organischen Säuren sind Cyanursäure, Isocyanursäure, Cyamelid, Urazol, Uracil, Uramin, Urazin, Alloxan, Alloxansäure, Alloxantin, Xanthin, Allantoin, Barbitursäure, Orotsäure, Dilitursäure, Triazolon, Violursäure, Succinimid, Dialursäure, Isodialursäure, Hydantoin, Pseudohydantoin, Imidazolon, Pyrazolon, Parabansäure, Furazan, Ammelin, Kreatinin, Maleinsäurehydrazid, Harnsäure, Pseudoharnsäure, Guanazin, Guanazol, Melamin, deren Salze, Derivate oder deren Mischungen.The organic fuel can also be derived from nitrogen heterocyclic organic acids and their mixtures existing group selected. Examples of these contain nitrogen heterocyclic organic acids are cyanuric acid, Isocyanuric acid, cyamelid, urazole, uracil, uramine, urazin, alloxan, Alloxanic acid, alloxantin, xanthine, allantoin, barbituric acid, orotic acid, Dilituric acid, triazolone, violuric acid, succinimide, dialuric acid, Isodialuric acid, hydantoin, pseudohydantoin, imidazolone, pyrazolone, Parabanic acid, furazan, ammeline, creatinine, maleic hydrazide, Uric acid, pseudouric acid, guanazine, guanazole, melamine, their salts, Derivatives or mixtures thereof.
Ferner kann als organischer Brennstoff eine stickstofffreie organische Säure verwendet werden. Bevorzugt sind in diesem Zusammenhang Fumarsäure, Maleinsäure, Malonsäure, Weinsäure, Tartronsäure, Citronensäure, Ascorbinsäure, deren Salze oder Derivate, oder Mischungen der stickstofffreien organischen Säuren. Nitrogen-free can also be used as the organic fuel organic acid can be used. Are preferred in this context Fumaric acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, tartaric acid, tartronic acid, Citric acid, ascorbic acid, its salts or derivatives, or Mixtures of nitrogen-free organic acids.
Schließlich kann als organischer Brennstoff eine Polymerverbindung verwendet werden, die beispielsweise aus der aus den Polyalkylverbindungen, Polyalkylenverbindungen, Polyamiden, Polyestern, Polyethern, Polyacetaten, Polyacrylverbindungen und Polyglykolen sowie deren -OH, - CN, -COOH, -NH2, -N3, -ONO2 oder -NO2-Gruppen enthaltenden Derivaten und Copolymerisaten bestehenden Gruppe ausgewählt sein kann.Finally, a polymer compound can be used as the organic fuel, which for example consists of the polyalkyl compounds, polyalkylene compounds, polyamides, polyesters, polyethers, polyacetates, polyacrylic compounds and polyglycols and their -OH, - CN, -COOH, -NH 2 , -N 3 , -OnO 2 or -NO 2 groups containing derivatives and copolymers existing group can be selected.
Der in der gaserzeugenden Zusammensetzung enthaltene anorganische Oxidator ist vorzugsweise aus der aus den Alkali- und/oder Erdalkalimetallnitraten, -chloraten, -perchloraten und -peroxiden, sowie Ammoniumnitrat oder -perchlorat, Kupferoxid oder basischem Kupfernitrat bestehenden Gruppe ausgewählt. Es können auch Mischungen der vorgenannten Oxidatoren eingesetzt werden.The inorganic contained in the gas generating composition Oxidator is preferably made from the alkali and / or alkaline earth metal nitrates, -chlorates, -perchlorates and -peroxides, and Ammonium nitrate or perchlorate, copper oxide or basic copper nitrate selected group. Mixtures of aforementioned oxidizers are used.
Schließlich kann die gaserzeugende Zusammensetzung noch die üblicherweise verwendeten Verarbeitungshilfen, wie zum Beispiel Rieselhilfen, Preßhilfen und/oder Gleitmittel, enthalten. Die Verarbeitungshilfen werden bevorzugt in einem Anteil von bis zu 5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtzusammensetzung, eingesetzt.Finally, the gas generating composition can also commonly used processing aids, such as Trickle aids, pressing aids and / or lubricants. The processing aids are preferred in a proportion of up to 5% by weight, based on the total composition used.
Eine erfindungsgemäß besonders bevorzugte gaserzeugende Zusammensetzung besteht im wesentlichen aus 15 bis 55 Gew.-% 5-Aminotetrazol, 25 bis 65 Gew.-% Kaliumnitrat und 20 bis 60 Gew.-% γ-Fe2O3. Anstelle von Kaliumnitrat als anorganischem Oxidator kann auch Natriumnitrat verwendet werden.A gas-generating composition which is particularly preferred according to the invention essentially consists of 15 to 55% by weight of 5-aminotetrazole, 25 to 65% by weight of potassium nitrate and 20 to 60% by weight of γ-Fe 2 O 3 . Instead of potassium nitrate as an inorganic oxidizer, sodium nitrate can also be used.
Eine weitere bevorzugte erfindungsgemäße Zusammensetzung besteht im wesentlichen aus 30 bis 50 Gew.-% Guanidinnitrat. 15 bis 35 Gew.-% basischem Kupfernitrat, 10 bis 25 Gew.-% Kupferoxid, 1 bis 10 Gew.-% Ammoniumperchlorat, 1 bis 10 Gew.-% Natriumnitrat und 2 bis 20 Gew.-% γ-Fe2O3.Another preferred composition according to the invention essentially consists of 30 to 50% by weight guanidine nitrate. 15 to 35% by weight of basic copper nitrate, 10 to 25% by weight of copper oxide, 1 to 10% by weight of ammonium perchlorate, 1 to 10% by weight of sodium nitrate and 2 to 20% by weight of γ-Fe 2 O 3 .
Weitere Vorteile der Erfindung ergehen sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung einiger Ausführungsbeispiele, die jedoch nicht in einem einschränkenden Sinne zu verstehen sind. Further advantages of the invention emerge from the following Description of some embodiments, but not in one restrictive sense.
280 g 5-Amminotetrazol, 392 g Kaliumnitrat, 328 g braunes γ-Eisenoxid (Hersteller: Bayer AG, Deutschland) und 5 g pyrogene Kieselsäure wurden in einer Kugelmühle insgesamt 2,5 Stunden gemischt, miteinander vermahlen und anschließend direkt auf einer Rundläuferpresse zu Tabletten mit einem Durchmesser von 6 mm und einer Dicke von 1,8 mm verpreßt. 58 g der so hergestellten Tabletten wurden in einem serienmäßigen Gasgenerator zur Zündung gebracht und die Zusammensetzung des entstandenen Gasgemisches in einer 2,5 m3-Kammer gemessen.280 g of 5-amminotetrazole, 392 g of potassium nitrate, 328 g of brown γ-iron oxide (manufacturer: Bayer AG, Germany) and 5 g of pyrogenic silica were mixed in a ball mill for a total of 2.5 hours, ground together and then directly on a rotary press to give tablets with a diameter of 6 mm and a thickness of 1.8 mm. 58 g of the tablets produced in this way were ignited in a standard gas generator and the composition of the gas mixture formed was measured in a 2.5 m 3 chamber.
280 g 5-Aminotetrazol, 392 g Kaliumnitrat, 328 g rotes α-Eisenoxid (Hersteller: Firma Harcros, USA) und 5 g pyrogene Kieselsäure wurden in einer Kugelmühle insgesamt 2,5 Stunden gemischt, miteinander vermahlen und anschließend direkt auf einer Rundläuferpresse zu Tabletten mit einem Durchmesser von 6 mm und einer Dicke von 1,8 mm verpreßt. 58 g der so hergestellten Tabletten wurden in einem scrienmäßigen Gasgenerator zur Zündung gebracht und die Zusammensetzung des entstandenen Gasgemisches in einer 2,5 m3-Kammer gemessen.280 g of 5-aminotetrazole, 392 g of potassium nitrate, 328 g of red α-iron oxide (manufacturer: Harcros, USA) and 5 g of fumed silica were mixed in a ball mill for a total of 2.5 hours, ground together and then directly on a rotary press to give tablets with a diameter of 6 mm and a thickness of 1.8 mm. 58 g of the tablets produced in this way were ignited in a screen-type gas generator and the composition of the resulting gas mixture was measured in a 2.5 m 3 chamber.
1171,8 g gemahlenes Guanidinnitrat, 325,3 g feinteiliges Kupferoxid, 629,5 g basisches Kupfernitrat, 64,5 g Ammoniumperchlorat, 47,3 g Natriumnitrat, 12,5 g Calciumstearat und 249,3 g γ-Fe2O3 wurden zusammen in eine Kugelmühle eingewogen, 2 Stunden gemischt und miteinander vermahlen. Das resultierende feine Pulver wurde anschließend auf einer Rundläuferpresse zu Tabletten mit einem Durchmesser von 6 mm und einer Dicke von 1,3 mm verpreßt. 58 g der so hergestellten Tabletten wurden in einem serienmäßigen Gasgenerator zur Zündung gebracht und die Zusammensetzung des entstandenen Gasgemisches in einer 2,5 m3-Kammer gemessen. 1171.8 g of ground guanidine nitrate, 325.3 g of finely divided copper oxide, 629.5 g of basic copper nitrate, 64.5 g of ammonium perchlorate, 47.3 g of sodium nitrate, 12.5 g of calcium stearate and 249.3 g of γ-Fe 2 O 3 were weighed together in a ball mill, mixed for 2 hours and ground together. The resulting fine powder was then compressed on a rotary press into tablets with a diameter of 6 mm and a thickness of 1.3 mm. 58 g of the tablets produced in this way were ignited in a standard gas generator and the composition of the gas mixture formed was measured in a 2.5 m 3 chamber.
1232,5 g gemahlenes Guanidinnitrat, 577,5 g feinteiliges Kupferoxid, 577,5 g basisches Kupfernitrat, 65 g Ammoniumperchlorat, 47,5 g Natriumnitrat und 12,5 g Calciumstearat wurden zusammen in eine Kugelmühle eingewogen, 2 Stunden gemischt und miteinander vermahlen. Das resultierende feine Pulver wurde anschließend auf einer Rundläuferpresse zu Tabletten mit einem Durchmesser von 6 mm und einer Dicke von 1,3 mm verpreßt und wie in Beispiel 2 getestet.1232.5 g ground guanidine nitrate, 577.5 g finely divided Copper oxide, 577.5 g basic copper nitrate, 65 g ammonium perchlorate, 47.5 g sodium nitrate and 12.5 g calcium stearate were put together in one Ball mill weighed, mixed for 2 hours and ground together. The resulting fine powder was then on a Rotary press for tablets with a diameter of 6 mm and one 1.3 mm thick pressed and tested as in Example 2.
Die aus den obigen Versuchen erhaltenen Schadgaskonzentrationen
sind in der nachfolgenden Tabelle zusammengestellt:
Die Versuchsergebnisse zeigen, daß allein der Ersatz des roten α-Eisenoxid durch braunes γ-Eisenoxid eine Reduzierung des Stickoxidanteils im freigesetzten Gasgemisch bewirkt. Der Kohlenmonoxidanteil bleibt nahezu unbeeinflußt. Eine vergleichbare Wirkung tritt ein, wenn einer üblichen gaserzeugenden Zusammensetzung braunes γ-Eisenoxid beigemischt wird.The test results show that only the replacement of the red α-iron oxide a reduction in the nitrogen oxide content through brown γ-iron oxide in the released gas mixture. The proportion of carbon monoxide remains almost unaffected. A comparable effect occurs when a common gas generating composition brown γ-iron oxide is added.
Claims (16)
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| DE19932466A DE19932466A1 (en) | 1999-07-12 | 1999-07-12 | Azide free gas generating composition |
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2000
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- 2000-06-20 DE DE50010265T patent/DE50010265D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004065332A3 (en) * | 2002-11-14 | 2005-02-17 | Estes Cox Corp | Composite propellant compositions |
| EP1648844A4 (en) * | 2003-07-25 | 2010-12-08 | Autoliv Asp Inc | Ammonium perchlorate-containing gas generants |
| CN100391911C (en) * | 2003-10-20 | 2008-06-04 | 大赛璐化学工业株式会社 | gas generant composition |
| FR2871457A1 (en) * | 2004-06-10 | 2005-12-16 | Giat Ind Sa | PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITION HAVING IMPROVED MECHANICAL STRENGTH |
| EP1604963A3 (en) * | 2004-06-10 | 2012-11-21 | NEXTER Munitions | Pyrotechnic composition with improved mechanical strength |
| WO2006039892A3 (en) * | 2004-10-08 | 2006-08-31 | Petri Dn Gmbh Inflator Systems | Substance mixture as a thermally initiatable ignition mixture |
| CN100455553C (en) * | 2004-10-08 | 2009-01-28 | 彼得里-蒂恩充气系统两合公司 | Mixture of substances as thermally-initiated ignition mixture |
| EP2061736A4 (en) * | 2006-08-28 | 2013-11-27 | Autoliv Asp Inc | Extrudable gas generant |
| FR2950624A1 (en) * | 2009-09-25 | 2011-04-01 | Snpe Materiaux Energetiques | Pyrotechnic compound comprising ammonium perchlorate oxidative charge, nitrogenous organic charge of at least one compound comprising e.g. triazoles and metal oxide charge, useful in gas generator for airbag and inflate cushioning pillows |
| US10358393B2 (en) | 2016-05-23 | 2019-07-23 | Joyson Safety Systems Acquisition Llc | Gas generating compositions and methods of making and using thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19932466A1 (en) | 2001-01-18 |
| DE50010265D1 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
| EP1069096B1 (en) | 2005-05-11 |
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