EP1070226A2 - Panneaux composites de protection contre des balles de fusil - Google Patents

Panneaux composites de protection contre des balles de fusil

Info

Publication number
EP1070226A2
EP1070226A2 EP99953378A EP99953378A EP1070226A2 EP 1070226 A2 EP1070226 A2 EP 1070226A2 EP 99953378 A EP99953378 A EP 99953378A EP 99953378 A EP99953378 A EP 99953378A EP 1070226 A2 EP1070226 A2 EP 1070226A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
yarns
panel
composite panel
matrix resin
tenacity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99953378A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Nicolas A. Van Zijl
William Maldonado
Jianrong Ren
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EIDP Inc
Original Assignee
EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co filed Critical EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Publication of EP1070226A2 publication Critical patent/EP1070226A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0471—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
    • F41H5/0485—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers all the layers being only fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers

Definitions

  • High powered rifles are important threats to lives of soldiers and policemen due to the high energy of bullets fired from such rifles.
  • compositions for use in protective garments wherein multiple layers of matrix impregnated fabric are stacked separately to maintain flexibility and a degree of comfort to the garment wearer. Disadvantages of these compositions are that they are for protection from low energy bullets and they are less efficient on a weight- for-degree-of-protection basis.
  • This invention relates to a molded composite panel for protection against high-energy rifle bullets which comprises a woven fabric made from heat stable yarns having a tenacity greater than 3550 MPa (28.0 grams per denier) and a heat meltable matrix resin material, impregnating the fabric layers and adhering the fabric layers together.
  • the molded composite panel of this invention meets the requirements for Protection Level III in NIJ Standard 0103.01 or its foreign equivalents at an areal density of less than 28 kg/m 2 .
  • the invention also relates to a process for making the above-mentioned composite panel comprising the steps of stacking layers of woven polyaramid fabric having an areal density of less than 400 g/rr and made from yarns having a tenacity greater than 3550 MPa with heat meltable matrix resin material and applying heat and pressure to mold the fabric with the matrix resin.
  • the composite panel of this invention represents a significant advance in meeting that object as evidenced in tests performed in accordance with various industry standards and as described in the Examples set out herein below.
  • This invention is a composite panel molded from a heat meltable matrix resin material and a woven fabric.
  • this invention is a molded composite panel made from especially high tenacity, heat stable, yarns woven into fabrics which are laminated with heat meltable matrix resin material. It has been discovered that such molded composite panels made using heat stable fibers of especially high tenacities, can be made into hard ballistic composite panels and will stop high energy rifle bullets at an improved weight/performance ratio. Meaning that, as a result of this invention, molded composite panels of high tenacity yarns exhibit better bullet protection at lower weight than molded composite panels of lower tenacity yarns.
  • An important feature of the present invention is the use of especially high tenacity, heat stable, yarns in a light weight fabric.
  • the tenacity of the yarns used in these fabrics is from 3550 MPa (28.0 grams per denier) to 5760 MPA (45.0 grams per denier) and preferably greater than 3675 MPa (29.0 grams per denier) .
  • heat stable is meant that the yarns and fibers in the yarns melt or decompose at a temperature greater than 200°C.
  • Yarns of this invention can be made using any material which exhibits adequate tenacity and heat stability. They must, of course, be capable of being woven and processed at the temperatures required for molding the composite panels. Among such materials can be named polyaramids, polybenzoxazoles, polybenzothiazoles, and the like.
  • polyaramid When the yarns are polyaramid, by “polyaramid” is meant a polyamide wherein at least 85% of the amide (-CO-NH-) linkages are attached directly to two aromatic rings. Suitable polyaramid fibers are described in Man-Made Fibers - Science and Technology, Volume 2, Section titled Fiber-Forming Aromatic Polyamides, page 297, W. Black et al . , Interscience Publishers, 1968. Polyaramid fibers are, also, disclosed in U.S. Patents 4,172,938; 3,869,429; 3,819,587; 3,673,143; 3,354,127; and 3 , 094 , 511.
  • Additives can be used with the polyaramid and it has been found that up to as much as 10 percent, by weight, of other polymeric material can be blended with the polyaramid or that copolymers can be used having as much as 10 percent of other diamine substituted for the diamine of the polyaramid or as much as 10 percent of other diacid chloride substituted for the diacid chloride or the polyaramid.
  • the preferred polyaramid is a para-aramid and poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPDT) is the preferred para-aramid.
  • PPDT poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide)
  • PPDT is meant the homopolymer resulting from mole-for-mole polymerization of p-phenylene diamine and terephthaloyl chloride and, also, copolymers resulting from incorporation of small amounts of other diamines with the p-phenylene diamine and of small amounts of other diacid chlorides with the terephthaloyl chloride.
  • PPD- T means copolymers resulting from incorporation of other aromatic diamines and other aromatic diacid chlorides such as, for example, 2 , 6-naphthaloyl chloride or chloro- or dichloroterephthaloyl chloride or 3 , ' -diaminodiphenylether .
  • the polymers are preferably made up of mers of the following structures:
  • While the aromatic groups shown joined to the nitrogen atoms may be heterocyclic, they are preferably carbocyclic ; and while they may be fused or unfused polycyclic systems, they are preferably single six- membered rings .
  • the group shown in the main chain of the bis-azoles is the preferred para-phenylene group, that group may be replaced by any divalent organic group which doesn't interfere with preparation of the polymer, or no group at all. For example, that group may be aliphatic up to twelve carbon atoms, tolylene, biphenylene, bis-phenylene ether, and the like.
  • the polybenzoxazole and polybenzothiazole used to make fibers of this invention should have at least 25 and preferably at least 100 mer units. Preparation of the polymers and spinning of those polymers is disclosed in the aforementioned International Publication WO 93/20400.
  • the fabrics are woven and can be woven in any, generally-used fabric configuration such as plain weave, crowfoot weave, basket weave, satin weave, and the like. Plain weave is preferred.
  • the areal density of fabrics used in this invention is less than 400 g/m ; preferably less than 200 g/m 2 , more preferably less than 160 g/m 2 and most preferably less than 120 g/m 2 .
  • the matrix resin used in the composite panel of this invention is a thermoset, an elastomer, or a thermoplastic. All matrix resins must, of course, be at least, initially heat meltable for manufacture of the molded composite panel of this invention. Thermoplastic matrix resins are preferred. The role of the matrix resin is to hold individual fibers and yarns in place in each fabric layer and to adhere together adjacent fabric layers in the panel.
  • thermoset matrix resins examples include unsaturated polyester resins, epoxy resins, phenol resins, melamine resins, urea resins and a reacted mixture of phenol and poly (vinyl butyral) resins, and the like. The reacted mixture of phenol and poly (vinyl butyral) is preferred. Examples of elastomeric matrix resins are summarized in the Encyclopedia of Polymer Science, Vol 5, "Elastomers Synthetic" (John Wiley & Sons 1964) .
  • any of the following materials may be employed: polybutadiene, polyisoprene, ethylene- propylene copolymers, polyurethane elastomers, polyethers, polyesters, fluorelastomers, silicone elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers and the like.
  • Thermoplastic elastomers are preferred.
  • thermoplastic matrix resins are low density polyethylene, polyamides, ionomers, polyesters, and the like. Low density polyethylene is preferred for most applications.
  • Matrix resins can be chosen to melt at a particular processing temperature to permit molding of temperature sensitive fabrics.
  • Matrix resin should be present in an amount which will completely impregnate the fabric of the panels. Too little matrix resin will cause poor consolidation of the molded composite panel and too much will adversely affect the ballistic protection limit of the molded panel.
  • the composite panels of this invention should be 5 to 50 weight percent matrix resin, more preferred is 5 to 30 weight percent matrix resin and most preferred is 8 to 18 weight percent matrix resin.
  • the fabric is cut into layers of the desired shape and sizes and then the layers are stacked together with a matrix resin material.
  • the layers are alternating fabric and matrix resin material and, generally, the matrix resin material is a film or a coating on the fabric.
  • the layers are then molded, by the application of heat and pressure, to make a hard ballistic panel.
  • the areal density of the molded composite panel of this invention is less than 28 kg/m 2 to meet Protection Level III in NIJ (National Institute of Justice) Standard 0103.01 or its foreign equivalents such as the UK RF1 Level, as specified by UK police Scientific Development Branch (PSDB) Body Armour Standard 1995. More preferred areal density is less than 25 kg/m 2 to meet the aforementioned protection level and most preferred areal density is less than 22.5 kg/m 2 .
  • the process of this invention saves considerable labor cost during panel making compared with the uni-directional process.
  • the composite of this invention can be made by persons having conventional weaving equipment and processes without additional investment in expensive uni- directional machinery.
  • linear Density The linear density of a yarn is determined by weighing a known length of the yarn. "denier” is defined as the weight, in grams, of 9,000 meters of the yarn; and “dtex” is defined as the weight, in grams, of 10,000 meters of the yarn.
  • the measured denier or dtex of a yarn sample, test conditions, and sample identification are fed into a computer before the start of a test; the computer records the load-elongation curve of the yarn as it is broken and then calculates the properties.
  • twist multiplier (TM) of a yarn is defined as:
  • the yarns to be tested are conditioned at 25°C, 55% relative humidity for a minimum of 14 hours and the tensile tests are conducted at those conditions.
  • Tenacity (breaking tenacity) , elongation to break, and modulus are determined by breaking test yarns on an Instron tester (Instron Engineering Corp., Canton, Mass . ) .
  • Tenacity, elongation, and initial modulus are determined using yarn gage lengths of 25.4 cm and an elongation rate of 50% strain/minute. The modulus is calculated from the slope of the stress-strain curve at 1% strain and is equal to the stress in grams at 1% strain (absolute) times 100, divided by the test yarn linear density.
  • Ballistics Performance Two types of ballistic tests were performed in the context of this invention: (i) Ballistic Limit (V 50 ) and (ii) Certification (V 0 ) types of testing in accordance with a ballistic specification. The objective of Ballistic Limit (V 50 ) tests is to compare the relative performance of different materials against a selected projectile.
  • the objective of Certification tests is to demonstrate that, having achieved the Ballistic Limit (V 50 ) required, the system under test can withstand the shootings in accordance with the particular shooting sequence and pattern, as specified in the test.
  • the shooting sequence and pattern are described in specific examples .
  • Ballistic tests of multi-layer panels are conducted to determine the ballistic limit (V 50 ) in accordance with a variation of the NATO Standard (Stanag 2920 - Ballistic Test Method for Personal Armours), generally, as follows: A panel to be tested is placed against a backing material of Roma Plastina
  • the projectiles are propelled from a test barrel capable of firing the projectiles at different velocities.
  • the first firing for each panel is for a projectile velocity estimated to be the likely ballistics limit (V 50 ) .
  • the next firing is for a projectile velocity of about 30 meters (98 feet) per second less in order to obtain a partial penetration of the panel.
  • the first firing yields no penetration or partial penetration the next firing is for a velocity of about 30 meters (98 feet) per second more in order to obtain a complete penetration.
  • subsequent velocity increases or decreases of about 15 meters (49 feet) per second are used until enough firings are made to determine the ballistics limit (V 50 ) for that panel.
  • the ballistics limit (V so ) is calculated by finding the arithmetic mean of an equal number of at least two of the highest partial penetration impact velocities and the lowest complete penetration impact velocities, provided that there is a difference of not more than 40 meters (131 feet) per second between the highest and lowest individual impact velocities.
  • Three composite panels were made using fabrics woven from three different para-aramid yarns as shown below.
  • the fabrics were in a plain weave and had an areal density of 185 - 190 grams per square meter.
  • All of the yarns were 840 denier with 560 filaments, were made from poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) and were available from E. I. du Pont de Nemours and
  • each fabric 110 pieces of fabric 25x30 centimeters were cut and stacked, alternating with sheets of linear low density polyethylene film having a thickness of 0.02 mm for a matrix resin. Each stack was molded at a pressure of 40 to 60 bars and 150 degrees C for at least 20 minutes and was then cooled and trimmed to make a panel. The panels had 14 weight percent matrix resin and areal densities of 25.5 to 25.7 kilograms per square meter. Each panel was tested for V 50 Ballistic Performance using an 0.308 Winchester (7.62x51 NATO Ball, Norma - 17622) against a Roma Plastilina No. 1 backing block conditioned in accordance with NIJ Standard 0103.01.
  • Three composite panels were made using fabrics woven from two different high tenacity yarns as shown below.
  • the fabrics were in a plain weave and had an areal density of 185 grams per square meter.
  • Yarn D was made from a poly (p-phenylene 2,6- benxobisoxazole) (PBO) and was available from Toyobo Co., Ltd under the tradename of Zylon; and yarn E was made from poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPDT) and was available from E . I . du Pont de Nemours and Company under the tradename of Kevlar 964C. Each yarn had about 667 filaments and a denier of 1000.
  • a molded composite panel was made by stacking 122 layers of a plain weave woven fabric alternately with layers of linear low density polyethylene as a matrix resin and then subjecting the stack to a pressure of 40 bars at 150 degrees C for a period of 40-50 minutes.
  • the fabric was made using yarns of PPDT having a denier of 600 and a tenacity of 28.1 grams per denier, available from E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company under the tradename Kevlar A-200.
  • the fabric had an areal density of 160 grams per square meter.
  • the matrix resin, before molding, was in the form of film with an areal density of 20 to 22 grams per square meter.
  • the composite panel had an areal density of 22 kilograms per square meter.
  • the panel was tested in accordance with the procedure of the United Kingdom, PSDB Hand-Gun Level II using a NATO 7.62x51 L2A2 UK origin bullet. The panel was tested before a backing block of Roma Plastilina No. 1 conditioned in accordance with UK PSDB Ballistic Body Armour Standard (1995) . The tests were carried out by firing three rounds of the specified bullet from a barrel capable of firing the projectiles at different velocities. In this case, the allowed velocities for "Fair Shots" fell within the range of 830 ⁇ 15 m/s . The three shots were fired with a pattern of triangle, of which the distance between each shots was at least 100 mm. The results were as follow:
  • Example 4 The panel of Example 3 was tested as an insert panel for a soft vest designed to meet NIJ Standard 0103.01, protection level III.
  • a NATO 7.62x51 Ball SMI (Italian origin) was used as the bullet.
  • Shooting was carried out with a NATO Standard Issue 7.62 Calibre rifle capable of delivering projectiles at velocities at 838 ⁇ 15 m/s.
  • Three shots were fired following a pattern of a triangle, of which the distance between two shots was at least 100 mm. The results were as follow:
  • Panels having the same composition as Panel A from Example 1 were tested as insert plates for various soft vests under various testing methods .
  • the panels had areal densities of 24.4 to 25.5 kilograms per square meter.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un panneau composite de protection balistique formé de multiples couches de tissu, tissé en fils thermostables de haute ténacité, et imprégné d'une résine d'enrobage thermofusible. Les couches sont moulées ensemble de manière à former un panneau unique capable de résister à des balles de fusil de grande puissance.
EP99953378A 1998-04-15 1999-04-14 Panneaux composites de protection contre des balles de fusil Withdrawn EP1070226A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US8179598P 1998-04-15 1998-04-15
US81795P 1998-04-15
PCT/US1999/008235 WO1999061862A2 (fr) 1998-04-15 1999-04-14 Panneaux composites de protection contre des balles de fusil

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1070226A2 true EP1070226A2 (fr) 2001-01-24

Family

ID=22166457

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99953378A Withdrawn EP1070226A2 (fr) 1998-04-15 1999-04-14 Panneaux composites de protection contre des balles de fusil

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1070226A2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1297525A (fr)
AU (1) AU6017099A (fr)
BR (1) BR9908409A (fr)
CA (1) CA2321626A1 (fr)
HU (1) HUP0103790A2 (fr)
PL (1) PL343761A1 (fr)
TR (1) TR200002979T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999061862A2 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PL197403B1 (pl) * 2001-06-12 2008-03-31 Teijin Twaron Gmbh Laminowana struktura balistyczna
US6737368B2 (en) * 2001-12-19 2004-05-18 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Multiple threat penetration resistant articles
US6846758B2 (en) * 2002-04-19 2005-01-25 Honeywell International Inc. Ballistic fabric laminates
US7251835B2 (en) * 2003-11-14 2007-08-07 Ultra Shield, Inc. Soft armor
US8015617B1 (en) 2008-05-14 2011-09-13 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Ballistic resistant body armor articles
CN111267429A (zh) * 2020-03-13 2020-06-12 南通大学 一种uhmwpe纤维增强树脂基软质防弹材料

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1297525A (zh) 2001-05-30
PL343761A1 (en) 2001-09-10
TR200002979T2 (tr) 2001-02-21
AU6017099A (en) 1999-12-13
BR9908409A (pt) 2001-10-09
WO1999061862A2 (fr) 1999-12-02
WO1999061862A3 (fr) 2000-03-09
HUP0103790A2 (en) 2002-10-28
CA2321626A1 (fr) 1999-12-02

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