Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
  • F25B39/04—Condensers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
  • F25B25/02—Compression-sorption machines, plants, or systems
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
  • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
  • F25B2339/041—Details of condensers of evaporative condensers

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for operating a refrigeration system.
• thermal energy in the form of hot water, hot water and steam is increasingly being used to drive chillers.
• This thermal energy can e.g. District heating, which in summer from thermal power plants (HKW) and combined heat and power plants (BKHW) partly is offered in excess, waste heat from industrial processes or solar or geothermal energy can also be considered as drive energy.
• HKW thermal power plants
• BKHW combined heat and power plants
• thermal energy from district heating and solar energy is particularly attractive for the operation of refrigeration systems, since this energy is only generated when cold, e.g. is needed for summer air conditioning. But thermal energy is also an option for refrigeration systems operated all year round.
• the temperature level in a district heating network is typically 100 - 130 ° C in winter, but is reduced to 90 ° C in summer.
• the usable temperature level of the waste heat from internal combustion engines of a CHP unit is typically around 90 ° C due to its construction, if one ignores hot-cooled engines or the pure use of exhaust gases.
• the invention has for its object to provide a method which allows a refrigeration system to be operated particularly economically.
• this object is achieved by a thermal coupling of an electromotive and / or a mechanically driven compression refrigeration system with a thermally powered refrigeration system in such a way that the condenser of the compression refrigeration system is cooled by the thermally powered refrigeration system.
• Refrigeration systems with an electrical or mechanical drive are usually designed as compression refrigeration systems.
• the energy required to drive the compressor depends on the evaporation and condensation temperature. Since the evaporation temperature is mostly determined by the refrigeration application, there is only play with regard to the energy consumption of the compressor. clear the condensation temperature. This should be as deep as possible. With increasing condensation temperature, for example, operation with cooling water from a cooling tower, condensation of the refrigerant in an evaporative cooler or condensation with an air-cooled condenser are possible. The use of cooling towers and evaporative coolers is becoming increasingly difficult or even prohibited because the water requirement is considerable. Air cooling is the disadvantageous solution due to the high temperature, although no water is used.
• Refrigeration systems with a thermal drive are usually absorption refrigeration systems when the thermal drive energy is at a low temperature. With the prevailing low temperatures, it is difficult and / or energy-intensive to make usable usable temperatures available. In contrast, when the thermal drive energy is at a lower temperature, a higher useful temperature is increasingly economical. With regard to the condensation of the refrigerant and the removal of absorption heat, the same criteria apply as for the compression refrigeration system.
• the compression refrigeration system If the compression refrigeration system is equipped with an air-cooled condenser, it can liquefy the refrigerant in winter at a low outside temperature without cooling by the adsorption refrigeration system with low energy consumption. The adsorption refrigeration system can then be switched off or used for other purposes.
• This circuit achieves the following: In winter, the low air temperature for condenser cooling of the compression refrigeration system reduces the electrical and mechanical energy requirements of the system.
• the Adsorption refrigeration systems can remain switched off when thermal drive energy is scarce or expensive.
• the adsorption refrigeration system can also be used for other cooling tasks if the need arises. In this case, you have two self-sufficient refrigeration systems. In summer, the adsorption refrigeration system is operated with existing and / or inexpensive (free) thermal drive energy.
• the adsorption refrigeration system serves to cool the condenser of the compression refrigeration system, as a result of which the electrical or mechanical energy requirement of the compression refrigeration system is low.
• the useful temperature of the adsorption refrigeration system is high, for example using an air-cooled condenser to liquefy the refrigerant without using water. Water cooling of the condenser is of course also possible.
• the adsorption refrigeration system is designed as a water cooler (for reasons of frost protection or corrosion protection, another liquid, for example a brine, can also be used; hereinafter referred to as "water” summarized) .
• the compression refrigeration system is a smooth or finned tube liquefier, with the refrigerant to be liquefied flowing through the tubes and the cooling air around the tubes. Fans ensure the air throughput, which are usually arranged as suction.
• the condenser of the compression refrigeration system is cooled with outside air.
• the condenser of the compression refrigeration system is cooled with cold water from the adsorption refrigeration system.
• the condenser of the compression refrigeration system with cold Water flooded from the adsorption refrigeration system.
• Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the method
• Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a system suitable for performing the method.
• a compression refrigeration system consisting of an evaporator 1, a compressor 2, a condenser 3 and a throttle element 4 is coupled to an adsorption refrigeration system shown essentially consisting of an evaporator 5, a condenser 6 and an absorber / desorber part 7.
• the compression refrigeration system is driven electrically or mechanically, while the absorber is supplied with thermal energy. This ensures that the low useful temperature is represented by an electrically / mechanically driven compression refrigeration system, at the same time the condensation temperature of the compression refrigeration system is kept low by cooling with the adsorption refrigeration system.
• the adsorption refrigeration system can therefore keep the energy requirement of the compression refrigeration system far lower than with the adsorption refrigeration system with low-temperature thermal energy.
• the adsorption refrigeration system does not need to provide cold at a low temperature and can therefore be operated economically at a high condensation temperature.
• Fig. 2 shows an example of such a system.
• the air-cooled heat exchanger 8 is located in a housing 9, on the top of which suction fans 10 are attached. The air flow is thus from the bottom up.
• a water trickling device 11 is arranged half of the fans 10.
• drop cutters 12 are arranged above the water-locking device 11 and below 10.
• the housing 9 is arranged with the elements 8, 10, 11, 12 and necessary accessories such as electrical wiring, control cabinet, control, drive motors, etc. in a tub 13 so that the tub 13 can be emptied, for example, by a valve-operated drain device 14. This means that the condenser almost corresponds to that of a commercially available air-cooled device.
• the drain device 14 is closed, a pump 15 conveys water from a receiver 16 into tub 13.
• a three-way valve 17 opens in such a way that the pumped water flows into the tub 13.
• the water level in the tub 13 is controlled so that the heat exchanger 8 is completely immersed.
• the fans 10 remain switched off.
• the adsorption refrigeration system 18 cools the water in tubs 13 and 16: The cooling by means of the adsorption refrigeration system keeps the condensing temperature of the compression refrigeration system low and thus the energy requirement of the compression refrigeration system is kept low.
• the condenser can be operated as an evaporative cooler with uncooled water from the receiver 16 and by sprinkling water through the sprinkler 11, whereby the adsorption refrigeration system can be left switched off. Water droplets and aerosols can be kept away from the droplet separators 12 before they are admitted into fans 10.
• the tub 13 can be provided with an overflow or a suitable control device in order to avoid overfilling the tub 13.
• the adsorption refrigeration system can cool or precool the one in the receiver 16 instead of the water cooling in the tub 13. Furthermore, it is possible to drain the water continuously via the drain device 14 and to let it flow in via the pump 15.
• the tub 13 is preferably designed with inclined side walls, which does not or only insignificantly impedes or even improves the inflow of air.
• baffles are not shown, which can help to even out the flow.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
• Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
• Surgical Instruments (AREA)
• Greenhouses (AREA)
• Details Of Measuring And Other Instruments (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

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• 1998
  • 1998-09-11 DE DE19841548A patent/DE19841548C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1999
  • 1999-08-31 EP EP99953709A patent/EP1114285B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-08-31 US US09/786,892 patent/US6484527B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1999-08-31 DK DK99953709T patent/DK1114285T3/da active
  • 1999-08-31 JP JP2000570515A patent/JP2002525546A/ja active Pending
  • 1999-08-31 AU AU10309/00A patent/AU1030900A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-08-31 WO PCT/DE1999/002796 patent/WO2000016024A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 1999-08-31 AT AT99953709T patent/ATE227412T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-08-31 DE DE59903345T patent/DE59903345D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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