EP1129002A1 - Verfahren zur erkennung von schäden im schienenverkehr - Google Patents
Verfahren zur erkennung von schäden im schienenverkehrInfo
- Publication number
- EP1129002A1 EP1129002A1 EP99972172A EP99972172A EP1129002A1 EP 1129002 A1 EP1129002 A1 EP 1129002A1 EP 99972172 A EP99972172 A EP 99972172A EP 99972172 A EP99972172 A EP 99972172A EP 1129002 A1 EP1129002 A1 EP 1129002A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bogie
- damage
- noise
- bogies
- train
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
- B61K9/12—Measuring or surveying wheel-rims
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for recognizing damage in rail traffic which affects operational safety and is composed of rail vehicles of the type defined in the preamble of claim 1, in particular high-speed trains.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned, with the damage occurring at least to the rail vehicles during operation are recognized immediately, so that, if necessary.
- the driver can initiate appropriate measures, such as a Zwangsbre solution, to enlarge to avoid the extent of damage.
- the method according to the invention has the advantage that the bogies of the individual rail vehicles of a train, in particular a high-speed train, combined in bogies are continuously and online monitored for noise and, as a result, damage occurring to the wheels or axle bearings immediately, i.e. immediately with the onset of damage, so that appropriate consequences can be drawn by the driver of the train.
- the method is able to distinguish between damage to the train in the noises recorded on the bogies, i.e. in one or the other bogie, and to distinguish on the track.
- the damage detection is clear and gives both a quantitative and a qualitative statement about the detected damage. Due to the high number of sensors for noise detection in the bogies and the multi-dimensional comparison of the bogie samples in the pattern analysis, the method has a high level of interference immunity and a low false alarm rate.
- a train noise pattern is derived from the entirety of the bogie noise patterns in which, for each bogie noise pattern in spatial association with the bogie, amplitude and phase in different frequency bands, which in their entirety cover the frequency range, as a function of the time is gone. The changes over time on the bogies in all frequency bands are used for the sample analysis.
- the pattern analysis includes information about the track route currently being traveled, which is taken from a digitally stored track network, and according to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention the pattern analysis by means of the driving speed and the known bogie distances, points in time of the occurrence of the same changes in the noise patterns of the bogies are calculated in advance, and if the points in time of the calculation and their actual occurrence for damage in the track section are recognized.
- the identified malfunctions and damage are stored in fault directories, specifically in association with the bogie or the track plan, in order to be able to reproducibly verify the discovered damage for repair measures.
- a sound pick-up is assigned to at least each wheel of the running gear in each bogie and is well coupled to the assigned wheel in terms of sound.
- Structure-borne noise sensors are preferably used as sound recorders, but these can also be replaced by microphones.
- a combination of structure-borne and airborne sound sensors is possible.
- a wheel noise pattern is formed from the output signals of each sound sensor, in which the noise or its frequency spectrum is stored as a function of time.
- the bogie noise pattern is formed by summing and / or logically combining the wheel noise patterns.
- the false alarm rate is drastically reduced by the described derivation of the bogie noise pattern from the total of the wheel noise pattern of a bogie, because on the one hand production-related deviations in the noise behavior of the individual wheels are not interpreted as damage and on the other hand damage-related noise changes on only one wheel do not affect the overall noise of the bogie perish.
- Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a device for detecting damage in rail traffic shown in the drawing.
- Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a device for detecting damage in rail traffic shown in the drawing.
- Fig. 2 is a side view of a bogie of a, railroad cars
- FIG. 3 is a top view of the bogie in FIG. 2;
- FIG. 4 shows a flow diagram for explaining the method for damage detection by means of the device according to FIG. 1,
- FIG. 6 each shows an enlarged illustration of a and 7 bogie noise pattern according to FIG. 5 in undisturbed operation (FIG. 6) and when an accident occurs (FIG. 7)
- Fig. 8 is a simplified representation of a
- Fig. 11 is the same representation as in Fig. 8 with a defect in the track.
- the device shown in the block diagram in FIG. 1 for the detection of damage affecting operational safety in the rail traffic of trains, in particular high-speed trains has a processor 11 which is arranged in a central station 10 which is preferably provided within the drive vehicle of the train and which is connected via a bus interface 12 a bus system 13 and, via a further interface 14, is connected to a signal line 16 leading to the control station 15 of the train.
- the bus system 13 is guided from the central station 10 to the individual bogies 17 of the individual rail vehicles coupled to the train.
- In the central station 10 there are also a plurality of data carriers 18, 19 which are connected to the processor 11.
- information about the train such as wagon type, type of drive vehicle, number of wagons, type of bogies and number of bogies, and information S about the track, such as tunnels, bridges, switches, etc.
- the trains are usually put together more or less variably, the train information is preferably made available from the processor 11 from the processor 11 in order to achieve greater flexibility.
- the disk 19 is used are stored as so-called. Störverzeichnis where detected by the device damage to the train or the track section in association with the respective damage location '.
- Optical and acoustic warning signal generators 20, 21, which are activated in the event of damage by means of control signals generated in the processor 11, and a display unit 22 in the form of a screen on which the type, location and quality of the damage are displayed are arranged in the control station 15.
- the driver can also use an input keyboard 23 communicate with the processor 11, for example enter the train information for the individual train.
- a bogie 17 of a train wagon is shown schematically in FIG. 2 in a side view and in FIG. 3 in a top view.
- the bogie 17 has a two-axle drive with a total of four wheels 24, which are seated in pairs on one of the two axles 29.
- Each axle 29 is mounted in two axle bearings 25 which are received in a frame 26 of the bogie 17.
- the axle bearings 25 are covered with caps 27, in which receiving openings for sensors are provided.
- the bogie 17 can rotate as a whole about a trunnion mounted in the wagon underframe, not shown here, which is received in a centrally arranged slide bearing 28 in the frame 26.
- Each wagon of the train has two bogies 17, so that a large number of bogies 17 are present in the wagon group forming a train.
- a sound pickup 30 is inserted in each receiving opening in the axle caps 27 and is connected via a plug connection 31 to electronics integrated in a housing 32 for preamplification and analog / digital conversion of the electrical output signals of the sound pickup 30.
- the electronics housing 32 are fastened to the frame 26 of the bogie 17 and can be connected to the bus system 13 by means of a plug 33.
- a structure-borne noise transducer is preferably used as the sound pickup 30.
- the use of airborne sound recorders, e.g. microphones, is just as possible as the combination of body and airborne sound recorders.
- each bogie 17 has a total of four sound pickups 30, which are well coupled to the assigned wheel 24 of the drive, so that each sound pickup 30 picks up the noises generated by the assigned wheel 24.
- the output signals of the sound pickups 30 are preamplified and converted digitally, and the digital signals are transmitted to the processor 11 via the broadband bus system 13 and stored there.
- FIG. 4 is only the first and the nth bogie 17 with the four sound transducers 30 per bogie 17 and the four electronics housings 32 for the preamplification and A / D conversion of the output signals of the four Sound transducer 30 shown.
- a wheel noise pattern is formed in the blocks 34, in which the noise or its frequency spectrum (amplitude and phase) is stored as a function of time.
- Such a wheel noise pattern is shown by way of example for the four wheel sound pickups 30 of the first bogie 17 in FIG. 5.
- the amplitude specified here (level in dB) is symbolized by the intensity of the frequency lines.
- the pictorial representation of the wheel noise pattern according to FIG. 5 only serves to facilitate understanding of the process sequence.
- the functions are actually only available as data records.
- the four wheel noise patterns of the wheels 24 belonging to a bogie 17 become a bogie noise pattern by summation and / or logical combination of the four wheel noise patterns formed (block 36 in Fig. 4).
- the bogie noise pattern 37 as is also shown by way of example in FIG. 5, the frequency spectrum is again stored as a function of time, the amplitude (level in dB) being characterized by the intensity of the frequency lines.
- Block 36 works with a suitable algorithm to ensure that a noise anomaly occurring on one of the four wheels 24 is not lost in the summation noise of the four wheels, but is clearly retained in the bogie noise pattern 37.
- This is shown by way of example in FIG. 5 with damage to the third wheel 24 in the bogie 17.
- Wheels No. 1, 2 and 4 of the bogie 17 (seen from left to right in FIG. 5) are fully functional and damage-free and, due to their design and storage, show a typical frequency spectrum, with pronounced, time-constant frequency lines resulting from the resonances of the wheels 24 can. Imbalances in the wheels 24 are also noticeable as frequency lines, which, however, change depending on the speed of the wheel 24.
- Such a wheel noise pattern is typical of the noise generated by the wheel 24 when driving and can be regarded as a so-called "fingerprint" of the wheel 24.
- Fig. 5 it is assumed for the sake of simplicity that all three wheels Nos. 1, 2 and 4 have the same "fingerprint”.
- Wheel no.3 has damage, e.g. an outbreak or a crack in the wheel rim, which leads to a shift in the wheel's natural resonances and has an effect in the frequency spectrum by a shift in one or more frequency lines (cf. the illustration of the wheel noise pattern 35 for the third wheel 24).
- a suitable algorithm in block 36 ensures that this frequency line in the bogie noise pattern is highlighted by a high amplitude (level in dB), as is shown, for example, in bogie noise pattern 37 in FIG. 5.
- FIG. 6 and 7 show further exemplary embodiments of a bogie noise pattern on an enlarged scale.
- the bogie 17 with its drive is completely intact, so that this bogie noise pattern can be regarded as a so-called "fingerprint" of the bogie No. 1.
- Each further bogie No. 2 to n (Fig. -1) usually has a somewhat different independent "fingerprint”.
- Fig. 7 it is assumed that there was damage to the bogie No. 1 about 3.5 seconds ago, e.g. part of a race of a wheel has broken out. This is noticeable by a frequency line with a high level and by the appearance of further harmonics in the frequency spectrum.
- the so-called "fingerprint" of bogie No. 1 for undisturbed operation has changed significantly.
- the basic procedure is to use a pattern analysis to monitor each bogie noise pattern for temporal changes in the noise or its frequency spectrum, and in addition to compare and evaluate the changes over time in the bogie noise patterns that belong to successive bogies 17.
- Conclusions regarding the type and quality of damage occurring on the rail vehicle and / or on the track are then drawn from this sample analysis.
- the type of damage and the Damage quality is displayed in the display unit 22 in the control station 15 and corresponding damage alarms are identified by means of the warning signal generators 20 and 21.
- immediately necessary measures such as train braking, are triggered automatically. If the damage is less serious or the damage ascertained stems from the track route, it is stored in the fault directory of the data carrier 19 in association with the damage locations, either the bogies of the train or the route map of the track route.
- a so-called train noise pattern is first derived in block 38 according to FIG. 4 from all bogie noise patterns of bogies No. 1 to n using the train information Z, in which each bogie noise pattern is spatially assigned to the location of the bogie 17 amplitude and phase are stored in different frequency bands as a function of time within the train.
- Such a train noise pattern for a selected frequency band X is shown by way of example in FIGS. 8-11.
- the amplitude (level in dB) in frequency band X is shown as a function of time for each bogie Nos. 1-16.
- FIG. 10 shows the effect of a defect on chassis No. 5 on the train noise pattern.
- the amplitude (level in dB) of the noise in bogie No. 5 increases significantly and remains largely constant over time. Such a level increase does not occur in the other bogies. This increase in level continues in the frequency bands in which harmonics occur.
- the sample analysis by multi-dimensional comparison of the amplitudes over time, the bogies No. 1- 16 and the frequency bands shows a clear damage to the bogie No. 5. Based on the level and other train information Z, the damage is classified and the quality of the damage in the display unit 22 displayed in control station 15. If the damage is only minor, so that a continuation of the journey is justifiable, this damage is filed in association with the bogie No.
- FIG. 11 schematically shows how a defect in the track section affects the train noise pattern.
- Such a defect in the track section can be caused, for example, in a section of track which is hollow or not sufficiently fastened, a gap in the track section and the like.
- the first bogie passes over the damaged area in the track section, which is subsequently run over by all bogies No. 2-16.
- level in bogie No. 1 which shifts in time over the entire bogies No. 2 - 16.
- the existing ones are also in FIG. 11 . Sampling values are only shown every 2 seconds, so that the level increase in bogies no. 2 - 5 are not visible. After another 2 seconds, bogies No.
- the data sets are evaluated in the frequency domain, which was described in detail above using the amplitude. However, since information is also contained in the phase of the noise, a comparable evaluation of the phase in the frequency spectrum is also carried out. Due to the known relationships between the frequency and target range of signals and the mathematical possibility of transforming the signals from the time range to the frequency range and vice versa, the data sets can also be evaluated in the time range, with no prior transformation into the frequency range being necessary.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19852220 | 1998-11-12 | ||
| DE19852220A DE19852220C2 (de) | 1998-11-12 | 1998-11-12 | Verfahren zur Erkennung von Schäden im Schienenverkehr |
| PCT/EP1999/007977 WO2000029270A1 (de) | 1998-11-12 | 1999-10-21 | Verfahren zur erkennung von schäden im schienenverkehr |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1129002A1 true EP1129002A1 (de) | 2001-09-05 |
| EP1129002B1 EP1129002B1 (de) | 2003-09-17 |
Family
ID=7887580
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99972172A Expired - Lifetime EP1129002B1 (de) | 1998-11-12 | 1999-10-21 | Verfahren zur erkennung von schäden im schienenverkehr |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1129002B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP3335166B2 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE249954T1 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2350523C (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19852220C2 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2207986T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2000029270A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10020521B4 (de) * | 2000-04-19 | 2004-01-29 | Db Reise & Touristik Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überwachen des Fahrverhaltens von Schienenfahrzeugen |
| EP1345802B2 (de) * | 2000-12-22 | 2020-11-04 | DB Fernverkehr AG | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum überwachen des fahrverhaltens von schienenfahrzeugen |
| JP4105692B2 (ja) * | 2002-08-12 | 2008-06-25 | 新川センサテクノロジ株式会社 | 振動情報送信装置および振動監視解析システム |
| DE10307950B4 (de) * | 2003-02-25 | 2005-10-27 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Einrichtung zur Überwachung einer rotierenden Welle und/oder daran angebrachter Elemente |
| DE10314316B3 (de) * | 2003-03-29 | 2004-09-16 | Atlas Elektronik Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erkennung der Radsatzreihenfolge |
| GB0318339D0 (en) * | 2003-08-05 | 2003-09-10 | Oxford Biosignals Ltd | Installation condition monitoring system |
| JP4319101B2 (ja) * | 2004-07-08 | 2009-08-26 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 移動体異常検知システム |
| ATE438548T1 (de) | 2006-09-18 | 2009-08-15 | Bombardier Transp Gmbh | Diagnosesystem und verfahren zum überwachen eines eisenbahnsystems |
| DE102008033856B3 (de) | 2008-07-19 | 2009-07-09 | Sst Signal & System Technik Gmbh | Einrichtung zum berührungslosen Messen der Temperatur erwärmter Bauteile an fahrenden Schienenfahrzeugen |
| DE102008049224A1 (de) * | 2008-09-27 | 2010-06-02 | Thales Defence Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überprüfen mindestens eines Laufwerks eines auf einem Gleis fahrbaren Schienenfahrzeugs auf einen Defekt |
| DE102012217830A1 (de) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Vorrichtung für ein Schienenfahrzeug |
| DE102014201729A1 (de) * | 2014-01-31 | 2015-08-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Schienenfahrzeug |
| WO2016066212A1 (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-05-06 | Bombardier Transportation Gmbh | Method for determining a structural state of a mechanically loaded unit |
| CN107782548B (zh) * | 2017-10-20 | 2020-07-07 | 亚太空列(河南)轨道交通有限公司 | 一种基于对轨道交通工具零部件检测系统 |
| CN109060320A (zh) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-12-21 | 上海工程技术大学 | 一种基于噪音分析的地铁线路运行状况安全评估方法 |
| CN110806323B (zh) * | 2019-09-18 | 2025-03-14 | 南京铁道职业技术学院 | 一种外激励振动音频响应车辆检测装置及其检测方法 |
| JP7177028B2 (ja) * | 2019-11-01 | 2022-11-22 | 公益財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 | レール波状摩耗の進展検知方法及び進展検知システム |
| JP7177027B2 (ja) * | 2019-11-01 | 2022-11-22 | 公益財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 | レール波状摩耗の進展検知方法及び進展検知システム |
| CN112508034B (zh) * | 2020-11-03 | 2024-04-30 | 精英数智科技股份有限公司 | 货运列车故障检测方法、装置及电子设备 |
| CN117419915A (zh) * | 2023-10-16 | 2024-01-19 | 西安交通大学 | 一种多源信息融合的电机故障诊断方法 |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE422559B (sv) * | 1980-08-29 | 1982-03-15 | Brajnandan Sinha | Elektronisk overvakningsanleggning for hjulaxlar pa relsfordon, speciellt jernvegsvagnar |
| SE453984B (sv) * | 1984-08-14 | 1988-03-21 | Karl Rune Soren Hallberg | Forfarande och anordning for att detektera hjul med skadade lopytor hos relsfordon |
| DE3437661C2 (de) * | 1984-10-13 | 1986-08-14 | Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen | Verfahren zum Bestimmen reparaturbedürftiger Bauteile einer Fahrzeugeinheit |
| DE4307897A1 (de) * | 1993-03-12 | 1994-09-15 | Ammendorf Waggonbau | Steuerungs- und Kontrolleinrichtung in zu einem Zugverband zusammengestellten Schienenfahrzeugen, insbesondere in Reisezugwagen |
| US5433111A (en) * | 1994-05-05 | 1995-07-18 | General Electric Company | Apparatus and method for detecting defective conditions in railway vehicle wheels and railtracks |
| DE69736960D1 (de) * | 1996-09-13 | 2006-12-28 | Timken Co | Lager mit einem Sensormodul |
| DE29810998U1 (de) * | 1998-06-05 | 1999-01-07 | Woop, Bernd, 66265 Heusweiler | Kombiniertes Sensorsystem zur kontinuierlichen Kontrolle der Radsätze von Schienenfahrzeugen auf mechanische Defekte und fehlerhaften Radlauf, sowie Detektion von gefährlichen Fahrzuständen |
| DE19826220A1 (de) * | 1998-06-09 | 1999-12-23 | Tamas Diebel | Vorrichtung zur Erkennung von Fahrwerkschäden an Schienenfahrzeugen während der Fahrt |
| DE19827271C5 (de) * | 1998-06-19 | 2008-11-27 | MÜLLER, Andreas | On-line Erfassungssystem mit Auswerteteil für rad- und gleisbezogene Daten für Hochgeschwindigkeitszüge |
| DE29811208U1 (de) * | 1998-06-23 | 1998-10-01 | Mayer, Albrecht, Dipl.-Ing. (FH), 83727 Schliersee | Radüberwachungssystem für mehrachsige Fahrzeuge |
| DE19827931C1 (de) * | 1998-06-23 | 1999-12-02 | Albrecht Mayer | Sensorüberwachungssystem für mehrachsige Fahrzeuge |
| DE19831215A1 (de) * | 1998-07-03 | 2000-01-05 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zum Erkennen schadhafter Radreifen |
| DE19831176A1 (de) * | 1998-07-11 | 2000-01-13 | Focht Harry | Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Feststellung von Schäden an Rädern schienengebundener Fahrzeuge aufgrund der durch einen Radschaden erzeugten Geräusche |
| DE19836081A1 (de) * | 1998-07-30 | 2000-02-17 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Früherkennung von Schäden an Schienenfahrzeugen |
| DE19837485A1 (de) * | 1998-08-12 | 2000-02-17 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zum Erkennen von Schäden an Schienenfahrzeugen und/oder Gleisen |
-
1998
- 1998-11-12 DE DE19852220A patent/DE19852220C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-10-21 WO PCT/EP1999/007977 patent/WO2000029270A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1999-10-21 AT AT99972172T patent/ATE249954T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-10-21 JP JP2000582279A patent/JP3335166B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-10-21 ES ES99972172T patent/ES2207986T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-21 EP EP99972172A patent/EP1129002B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-21 CA CA002350523A patent/CA2350523C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-10-21 DE DE59907050T patent/DE59907050D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0029270A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19852220C2 (de) | 2001-07-26 |
| JP2002529756A (ja) | 2002-09-10 |
| WO2000029270A1 (de) | 2000-05-25 |
| DE59907050D1 (de) | 2003-10-23 |
| CA2350523A1 (en) | 2000-05-25 |
| ATE249954T1 (de) | 2003-10-15 |
| ES2207986T3 (es) | 2004-06-01 |
| JP3335166B2 (ja) | 2002-10-15 |
| EP1129002B1 (de) | 2003-09-17 |
| CA2350523C (en) | 2004-12-07 |
| DE19852220A1 (de) | 2000-06-08 |
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