EP1154033A2 - Element pour le transport de matières et chaleur et sa fabrication - Google Patents

Element pour le transport de matières et chaleur et sa fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1154033A2
EP1154033A2 EP01111327A EP01111327A EP1154033A2 EP 1154033 A2 EP1154033 A2 EP 1154033A2 EP 01111327 A EP01111327 A EP 01111327A EP 01111327 A EP01111327 A EP 01111327A EP 1154033 A2 EP1154033 A2 EP 1154033A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component according
layer
powder
base body
particles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01111327A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1154033A3 (fr
Inventor
Heiko Thaler
Manfred Fischer
Rudolf Henne
Karl Stephan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
Original Assignee
Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
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Publication date
Application filed by Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV filed Critical Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
Publication of EP1154033A2 publication Critical patent/EP1154033A2/fr
Publication of EP1154033A3 publication Critical patent/EP1154033A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/137—Spraying in vacuum or in an inert atmosphere

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to components for mass and heat transport with a base body and with a layer supporting a material and heat transport on at least a component surface.
  • the invention relates to methods for producing a component for material and Heat transport with provision of a base body, with a base body a layer that supports material and heat transport is applied.
  • capillary structure layers can be made using different methods be built up, for example by known sintering techniques or by plasma spraying of powder particles.
  • a heat pipe, and a method for its production, for the transport of heat from an evaporation area to a condensation area, with a capillary structure within the heat pipe, is known from DE-A1 197 17 235.
  • the one described there Capillary structure is created by thermal plasma spraying of powder particles and has an open-pored capillary structure layer.
  • an arrangement as known from DE-A1 197 17 235 is for Heat pipes are particularly suitable, particularly with regard to their porosity, as they are caused by the plasma spraying used there is generated by powder particles.
  • To use a heat pipe Building up the inner coating is also proposed in DE-A1 197 17 235, two To provide half-shells with a capillary layer on the inside. Then be the two half-shells or the two cylinder halves are joined flat with their edges, so that there is a tube coated on the inside.
  • the present Invention the object of an arrangement for transporting liquids under Utilization of capillary forces of the type specified in the introduction so that a Material and heat transport with a higher transport capacity can take place with it, as well a corresponding method for building up a corresponding capillary structure layer specify for such an arrangement.
  • a component for material and heat transport with one Base body and with a layer supporting a material and heat transport at least one component surface, which is characterized in that the coating is generated by a vacuum plasma spraying process, using powder particles for production a pore structure are melted on the surface and by the degree of melting the proportion of open and closed pores is set.
  • the object is achieved in that the coating by a vacuum plasma spraying process is generated, the powder particles to produce a Pore structure are melted on the surface and by the degree of melting the proportion of open and closed pores is set.
  • the degree of melting is accordingly the individual powder particles set the porosity.
  • a suitable proportion of open and closed pores formed.
  • Pore structure can be influenced.
  • particle size distribution of the used ones To name powder fractions.
  • electrical power that is injected into the plasma. By Increasing the electrical power makes the plasma hotter and the powder particles in the Surface melted more.
  • a porosity can already be achieved with the formation of a layer of powder particles, which is useful for certain applications for mass and heat transport. Such a layer would have a thickness that corresponds approximately to the diameter of the powder particles.
  • Partially closed pores are preferably formed, which face towards the base body are more closed.
  • Another parameter to consider is the appropriate spray distance between Flame and base body. The larger this distance is chosen, the higher the resulting one Porosity. However, the distance must not be chosen so large that the melted Particles do not already solidify superficially before they hit the base body hit.
  • one Half should be closed-pore than the other half, the closed Pores point towards the base body, while the open-pored side faces the free surface forms.
  • the porosity should be adjusted so that the ratio of the total Pore volume fraction to the total volume of the layer changes from 0 to 80%; the preferred The range is between 10 to 50%.
  • a dense base layer can be applied at the start of spraying, by setting the parameters so that either the entire powder particles are melted, or a correspondingly high proportion of fine powder is mixed in, so that this results in the dense base layer.
  • a vacuum high-frequency plasma spray process is preferred as the plasma spray process used. This makes it possible, in comparison to flame spraying or DC plasma spraying to melt relatively coarse-grained powders (> 50 ⁇ m); in a vacuum Cannot Print Using High Frequency Plasma Spraying only the length of the plasma flame, but also the heat transfer between Plasma and powder particles can be checked.
  • the starting powder used should preferably be one whose particle size is in the range from 10 ⁇ m to 800 ⁇ m, a range between 100 ⁇ m and 250 ⁇ m to be emphasized as a particularly preferred range.
  • Investigations have further shown that a powder fraction should be used which comprises particles in a diameter range between a minimum particle diameter d min and a maximum particle diameter d max , which meets the following requirement: ⁇ d d a Max ⁇ 0.35 where d a max indicates the powder particle diameter that forms the largest portion in the selected powder fraction, and wherein ⁇ d represents the range of fluctuation of the particle diameter around the largest particle diameter.
  • Suitable pore radii should be applied to the respective layers applied to the Base bodies are between 25 ⁇ m and 200 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the coating can vary depending on Type of base body and the requirements, in the range from 10 ⁇ m to 2000 ⁇ m lie. Powders made of metals or metal alloys are preferably used; it is but it is also possible to use ceramic materials, as these are specified using the Process can also be processed due to the achievable high temperatures.
  • a ceramic coating over metallic powder can be advantageous if the metallic Base material should be protected against corrosion and the base material nevertheless should conduct heat well.
  • a ceramic coating can also have a very positive effect on heat and mass transfer influence, especially in the condensation of vapors. Because of poor wetting the ceramic can namely achieve the particularly advantageous drop condensation become.
  • At least one can be in the base body Groove in the material and heat transport direction to be formed by the powder particles while maintaining the cross-sectional shape of the groove.
  • Such a groove should therefore have an opening width that is smaller than the middle Particle diameter of the powder of the layer applied thereon.
  • the groove can be milled into the base body or etched into it.
  • the above-mentioned grooves can be in a desired number in the base body be trained, run in different directions and with cross connections among themselves.
  • powder particles are preferably used, which melted on the surface during the coating process become.
  • the degree of melting can then open and / or partially closed pore structure can be set.
  • the degree of melting is provided with a gradient in which the Seen in the thickness of the layer, a more open or closed pore structure is produced. This can be done in that the degree of melting of the surface of the powder particles, which are applied in layers to produce the capillary structure layer, are melted to a greater or lesser degree in the surface.
  • P refer a layer is created, the pores of which face towards the radially inner side are more closed than towards the radially outer side, i.e. towards the free surface.
  • porous layers are advantageous using a high-frequency plasma spraying process can be generated, this being done even more preferably in a vacuum becomes.
  • a defined melting process can be carried out the surface layer of the individual powder particles.
  • the process parameters can simply in terms of performance, pressure in the coating chamber, Flame distance to the layer, can be changed to change the degree of melting Surface and thus to change the pore structure.
  • the particle size is a factor influencing the pore structure.
  • the particle sizes should be in the range of 10 ⁇ m to 800 ⁇ m, with a particle size between 100 ⁇ m and 250 ⁇ m is preferable.
  • the pore radius of each pore that is between the fused powder particles should be in the range of 20 microns up to 500 ⁇ m.
  • particles should be in the fraction area 0.7 ⁇ d min d Max ⁇ 1 be used.
  • Preferred pressure ranges which are set in the coating chamber during vacuum plasma spraying are 8 ⁇ 10 3 Pa to 2 ⁇ 10 4 Pa, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 4 Pa to 1.7 ⁇ 10 4 Pa. It is precisely in this pressure range that it is ensured that the negative influence of oxidative reactions is largely prevented; a predominantly laminar plasma jet can be set in this pressure range, which results in a uniform melting. In addition, the heat transfer is large enough to control the controlled melting of the particle surface. In order to reduce residual oxygen and the formation of oxide on the individual powder particles, which reduces the strength of the layer, and in order to be able to control pore structure formation even better, plasma spraying should take place in a protective gas atmosphere, in particular with the appropriate reducing agent, such as hydrogen.
  • Preferred process parameters in vacuum plasma spraying are a pressure of 5 ⁇ 10 3 Pa to 3 ⁇ 10 4 Pa and a power of 5 to 50 kW to create an open pore structure, while a pressure range of 1 ⁇ 10 4 Pa to 5 ⁇ 10 4 Pa and a power of 7 to 50 kW can be set to create a closed pore structure.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically a base body 1, on which a single-layer layer of powder particles 2 is sprayed on. Since the individual powder particles 2 are controlled only in one Are melted surface area, the shape of the individual powder particles 2nd essentially maintained.
  • the powder particles can be considered with a suitable Throughput are applied to the base body 1 in such a way that they melt together, so that 2 pores are formed between the base body 1 and the powder particles. These pores arise in particular when powder fractions with particles are present relatively large particle diameter can be used.
  • Figure 2 shows a sectional view corresponding to Figure 1 with a three-layer Layer, i.e. the powder particles are layered on top of each other. Because the individual powder particles only superficially before hitting the base body 1 or the one below it lying powder particles 2 are melted, they essentially keep their Shape so that 2 defined pores 3 form between the individual powder particles.
  • This pore structure can be determined by the degree of melting on the one hand Powder particle size distribution, on the other hand, which is particularly immediate during a Vacuum high frequency plasma spraying can be changed, in addition about the pressure set in the plasma spraying system and the power with which the system is operated, adjusted or influenced.
  • the porosity is preferably gradually starting from the base layer 1 to the Increased outside, so that on the one hand in the area of the base body high strength can be achieved.
  • a particularly suitable starting powder of the regulation should be used ⁇ d d a Max ⁇ 0.35 are enough; the relationships between d a max , ⁇ d, d min (minimum particle diameter d) and d max (maximum particle diameter d) are shown in FIG. 6, depending on the percentage of the respective powder particle diameter that is present in a starting powder.
  • Figure 3 shows a structure according to Figure 2, but with two additional, V-shaped grooves 4 which are formed in the surface of the base body 1.
  • This Grooves 4 form capillaries below the porous layer; they are completely through the powder particles 2 covered. Since the opening width of the grooves 4 is less than the particle diameter the bottom layer, the grooves are not closed, i.e. their free Cross section is completely preserved.
  • Figure 4 shows an 8 mm stainless steel sheet, which is by means of high-frequency plasma spraying was produced.
  • a powder made of a nickel-based alloy was sprayed on in one Grain size of -160 + 125 ⁇ m.
  • the layer thickness is approx. 500 ⁇ m.
  • the coating was at a pressure between 100 and 200 mbar (at a distance of 320 mm) carried out.
  • the electrical power was between 15 - 20 kW.
  • plasma gases were Argon and hydrogen were used in a total of 140 SLPM.
  • FIG. 5 shows a scanning electron microscope image of the surface layer of the one in FIG 4 component shown in a 30-fold magnification. Based on this shot is clearly recognizable that the structuring of the layer, in particular the surface, it happens that the particles are melted on the surface and by the Degree of melting largely resembles the shape of the original, spherical particle was maintained. The proportion of molten material connects the particles with each other and strengthens shift cohesion. Such a structured layer, in particular Surface, promotes heat and mass transfer.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
EP01111327A 2000-05-09 2001-05-09 Element pour le transport de matières et chaleur et sa fabrication Withdrawn EP1154033A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10022326 2000-05-09
DE10022326 2000-05-09

Publications (2)

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EP1154033A2 true EP1154033A2 (fr) 2001-11-14
EP1154033A3 EP1154033A3 (fr) 2003-04-23

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EP01111327A Withdrawn EP1154033A3 (fr) 2000-05-09 2001-05-09 Element pour le transport de matières et chaleur et sa fabrication

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EP (1) EP1154033A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE10122574B4 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003087422A1 (fr) * 2002-04-12 2003-10-23 Sulzer Metco Ag Procede de projection au plasma
DE102004006857A1 (de) * 2004-02-12 2005-09-01 Daimlerchrysler Ag Gradientenschicht und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
EP1857764A3 (fr) * 2006-05-16 2013-02-20 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Dispositif de transmission de la chaleur et procédé destiné à la fabrication d'un dispositif de transmission de la chaleur

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01179892A (ja) * 1987-12-29 1989-07-17 Showa Alum Corp ヒートパイプ
DE19717235A1 (de) 1997-01-29 1998-07-30 Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt Wärmerohr und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben
US20060042786A1 (en) * 2004-09-01 2006-03-02 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Heat pipe

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1950439A1 (de) * 1969-10-07 1971-04-15 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Kapillarstruktur fuer Waermerohre
DE10022161C1 (de) * 2000-05-09 2002-01-03 Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt Verfahren zum Bilden einer Oberflächenschicht und deren Verwendung
DE10022325B4 (de) * 2000-05-09 2009-11-26 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Anordnung zum Transport von Flüssigkeiten unter Ausnutzung von Kapillarkräften und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Kapillarstrukturschicht für eine solche Anordnung

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01179892A (ja) * 1987-12-29 1989-07-17 Showa Alum Corp ヒートパイプ
DE19717235A1 (de) 1997-01-29 1998-07-30 Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt Wärmerohr und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben
US20060042786A1 (en) * 2004-09-01 2006-03-02 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Heat pipe

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003087422A1 (fr) * 2002-04-12 2003-10-23 Sulzer Metco Ag Procede de projection au plasma
US7678428B2 (en) 2002-04-12 2010-03-16 Sulzer Metco Ag Plasma spraying method
DE102004006857A1 (de) * 2004-02-12 2005-09-01 Daimlerchrysler Ag Gradientenschicht und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
DE102004006857B4 (de) * 2004-02-12 2008-09-04 Daimler Ag Gradientenschicht und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
EP1857764A3 (fr) * 2006-05-16 2013-02-20 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Dispositif de transmission de la chaleur et procédé destiné à la fabrication d'un dispositif de transmission de la chaleur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1154033A3 (fr) 2003-04-23
DE10122574A1 (de) 2001-11-22
DE10122574B4 (de) 2004-04-08

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