EP1167548A2 - Procédé et dispositif pour déterminer l'effet de refroidissement d'un courant de gaz sur des pièces - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour déterminer l'effet de refroidissement d'un courant de gaz sur des pièces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1167548A2
EP1167548A2 EP01110912A EP01110912A EP1167548A2 EP 1167548 A2 EP1167548 A2 EP 1167548A2 EP 01110912 A EP01110912 A EP 01110912A EP 01110912 A EP01110912 A EP 01110912A EP 1167548 A2 EP1167548 A2 EP 1167548A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
measuring body
workpieces
temperature
heated
quenching
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01110912A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1167548B1 (fr
EP1167548A3 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Dr. Löser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ALD Vacuum Technologies GmbH
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ALD Vacuum Technologies GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by ALD Vacuum Technologies GmbH filed Critical ALD Vacuum Technologies GmbH
Publication of EP1167548A2 publication Critical patent/EP1167548A2/fr
Publication of EP1167548A3 publication Critical patent/EP1167548A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1167548B1 publication Critical patent/EP1167548B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/55—Hardenability tests, e.g. end-quench tests
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/613—Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for determining the cooling effect of a flowing gas atmosphere on workpieces according to the preambles of claims 1 and 10.
  • the quenching chamber is designed for pressures up to 5.0 MPa and possibly even more, and as Quench gases can preferably be hydrogen, helium, nitrogen or mixtures of at least two of these gases can be used. These gases are passed through a circulation fan, not shown the batch (s) passed and sucked off again. On their way they will Quenching gases passed over heat exchanger, not shown here, and cooled down again.
  • the drive power required for gas circulation increases with Pressure, but decreases with the atomic weight of the quenching gases, so that the Gases hydrogen and helium or mixtures thereof preferred is given, especially since the heat transfer to these gases is special is cheap and the quenching speed is increased. in this connection not only does the heat transfer on the workpieces play, but also a role in the heat exchangers.
  • thermocouples With such quenching procedures one has so far proceeded so that Has provided parts of a stationary batch with thermocouples. Provided if this was not possible, the batch has so-called passive a-probes enclosed, i.e. special samples with thermocouples without Heating device by heat transfer from the neighboring Workpieces are heated.
  • passive a-probes enclosed, i.e. special samples with thermocouples without Heating device by heat transfer from the neighboring Workpieces are heated.
  • Measured values of batches that have already been driven are used as Default used for new batches.
  • Such measuring methods are continuous in moving batches not operated systems with so-called “cold chambers” possible because the batches are conveyed through individual chambers of the systems are and the individual chambers by pressure-tight slide from each other are separated.
  • the systems are therefore checked in such systems Deterrent effect through the monitoring of "secondary quantities” such as gas pressure, gas temperature, cooling water temperature and the Power consumption of the blower motors for gas circulation.
  • secondary quantities such as gas pressure, gas temperature, cooling water temperature and the Power consumption of the blower motors for gas circulation.
  • the quenching rate is determined from these quantities only possible with a high computational effort and even then extremely imprecise due to measurement tolerances.
  • Such indirect measurements and Therefore, calculations do not meet quality assurance requirements in modern manufacturing processes.
  • a laboratory device is known from JP 4-59921 A with which it is possible is the cooling effect of a coolant regulated to constant temperature, of a solution by determining a test specimen, which is provided with a temperature sensor in one of the coolant removed heating device and then by means of a Immerses the drive out of the heating device into the coolant and records the temperature changes.
  • a test specimen which is provided with a temperature sensor in one of the coolant removed heating device and then by means of a Immerses the drive out of the heating device into the coolant and records the temperature changes.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object, a method and a Specify device with which the cooling effect or the quenching effect and the temperature profile over time, even with large batches and can be determined directly, so that any control interventions extremely short-term, i.e. can be done in fractions of a second can. This is to ensure that all workpieces in a batch dosed at high speed in accordance with the hardness regulations or quenched and hardened if necessary.
  • the respective heat transfer from the workpieces or the batch of workpieces affected by the cooling gas to be harmful thermal stress and / or uneven Avoid product properties, and also the respective Heat transfer from the cooling gas to the heat exchanger are influenced, because the processes on the workpiece surfaces and on the surfaces of the heat exchanger in turn influence each other.
  • the task is fully Scope solved, and in particular the cooling effect or Quenching effect and the temperature profile over time, even with large ones Batches are determined continuously and directly, so that possible control interventions extremely short-term, i.e. carried out in fractions of a second can be.
  • This ensures that all workpieces in a batch dosed at high speed in accordance with the hardness regulations or quenched and hardened if necessary.
  • the invention also relates to the application of the method according to Claim 1 and the device according to claim 10 for high pressure gas quenching of workpieces in a quenching chamber with a Heat exchangers at gas pressures between 0.5 and 5.0 MPa, preferably between 1.0 and 4.0 MPa.
  • Figure 1 is a chamber 1 with a flange 2 and an insulating bushing 3 shown for the holder of a sensor unit 4, which consists of a measuring body 5 with bores and thermal sensors 6 and 7.
  • the measuring body 5 preferably consists of an austenitic alloy with a low emission coefficient to prevent heat loss during of heating, and should be in terms of its geometry, Mass and thermal conductivity of the workpieces as much as possible correspond to their thermal analysis. However, it is not a requirement, since conversion factors are based on empirical values have it determined. In the simplest case, a cylindrical one is sufficient Measuring body 5 with a diameter between 5 and 50 mm, preferably between 15 and 30 mm.
  • the measuring body 5 is held in position by a carrier 8 and concentric surrounded by a heater 9, the water-cooled Induction coil is formed, the coolant flow through the arrows 10 and 11 is indicated.
  • the induction coil is powered by a medium frequency generator 12 supplied with heating energy so that it is possible to Heating up very quickly and thoroughly and the Initiate heating process via a control line 13 and practical break off indolently.
  • the induction coil concentrates its heating power exclusively on the measuring body 5 and heats the environment, e.g. Chamber walls, not on.
  • thermal sensor 14 is arranged in the vicinity of the sensor unit, with which the gas temperature can be measured.
  • the measured values the thermal sensors 6, 7 and 14 are not specified Measuring lines fed to a central unit 15, which in addition to a variety from memory locations not shown, an input keyboard 16 for setpoints and control commands and a display 17 for the display of the measured values or a sequence of measured values and possibly setpoints. over a data line 18 a printer 19 can be connected.
  • the gas flow is indicated by arrows 21.
  • the function is as follows:
  • the sensor unit 4 allows direct Measurement of the cooling rate. Just before implementing one Batch of workpieces from a heating chamber or a heating furnace in the actual quenching chamber 1 is the measuring body 5 to a predetermined Temperature, for example to the austenitizing temperature of the workpieces, heated and then the heating power turned off. After the batch has been transferred to the quenching chamber, the a presettable pressure from a quenching gas as short as possible built up and this with appropriate speed in the chamber 1 circulated. The quench gas cools both - not here shown - batch and the measuring body 5th
  • the thermal sensors 6 (edge zone) and 7 (center) located in the measuring body 5 track the local temperatures of the measuring body and enable the Determination of the quenching curves, as shown in Figure 2. to These curves are documented in the batch depending on the documentation Central unit 15 stored and / or printed out via the printer 19.
  • a characteristic can also be used Cooling parameters, e.g. a lambda value for the cooling time between 800 and 500 ° C. In this way carry out a continuous process control, by way of example deterioration of the quenching properties also at an early stage can be seen how z. B. by deposit formation in the heat exchanger can occur.
  • the heat transfer coefficient determine "on-line". This has, for example, for workpieces with complex geometries the advantage that with the help of this heat transfer coefficient and a suitable finite element program deviating from the geometry of the Measuring body 5 simulates the quenching process of such complex components can be.
  • the actual quenching curves measured with the sensor unit 4 can by means of target quenching curves stored in the central unit 15 Comparison.
  • the quenching speeds can be adjusted accordingly and regulated, for example by regulating the gas pressure and the gas velocities, thereby minimizing a possible distortion of the workpieces can be achieved.
  • a representation according to Figure 2 with a logarithmic scale of the abscissa has long been common in metallurgy. From the starting point (0.1 sec) from the first abscissa line it is 10 seconds to the second Abscissa 100 seconds, almost 2 minutes, and until the third Abscissa 1000 seconds, almost 17 minutes etc.
  • FIG. 2 shows a so-called Z-T-U diagram (time-temperature conversion), when on the abscissa on a logarithmic scale the time in Seconds and the temperature is plotted on the ordinate on a linear scale are.
  • the 100Cr6 steel is entered for the difficult-to-harden steel Pearlite area 24, the intermediate structure area 25 (bainite area) and the upper boundary line of the martensite area 26. These areas represent the material structure and properties for the steel 100Cr6 (1.2067).
  • the quenching curves 27 to 32 are now entered for a rod with a 25 mm diameter and the following quenching parameters: austenitizing temperature 830 ° C. and helium as quenching gas.
  • austenitizing temperature 830 ° C. and helium as quenching gas By changing the quenching speed, for example by changing the pressure, temperature and / or speed of the quenching gas, the various final hardnesses shown on the surface can now be achieved: Curve Vickers hardness HV 27 904 28 675 29 410 30 315 31 268 32 216th
  • the bold curve represents the following quenching conditions:
  • the final hardness increases as the curves move to the right ever lower, until the end only the normal hardness of the Material is present.
  • FIG. 3 now shows an enlarged detail from Figure 2 with the following Additions in a greatly simplified and exaggerated form:
  • the actual quenching curve 29a (dashed) now represents the one according to the invention Sensor unit by comparison with a stored setpoint curve according to curve 29 that the quenching rate is too slow.
  • the quenching rate is now increased, and the Curve 29a undercuts curve 29.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Control Of Heat Treatment Processes (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
EP01110912A 2000-06-19 2001-05-05 Procédé et dispositif pour déterminer l'effet de refroidissement d'un courant de gaz sur des pièces Expired - Lifetime EP1167548B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10030046A DE10030046C1 (de) 2000-06-19 2000-06-19 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bestimmen der Abkühlwirkung einer strömenden Gasatmosphäre auf Werkstücke
DE10030046 2000-06-19

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1167548A2 true EP1167548A2 (fr) 2002-01-02
EP1167548A3 EP1167548A3 (fr) 2004-01-02
EP1167548B1 EP1167548B1 (fr) 2005-03-16

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ID=7646193

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01110912A Expired - Lifetime EP1167548B1 (fr) 2000-06-19 2001-05-05 Procédé et dispositif pour déterminer l'effet de refroidissement d'un courant de gaz sur des pièces

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6554922B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1167548B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE291102T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10030046C1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023094557A1 (fr) * 2021-11-25 2023-06-01 Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh Procédé et système de trempe bainitique de pièces métalliques

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH696042A5 (fr) * 2002-11-28 2006-11-30 Ecole D Ingenieurs Du Canton D Procédé et dispositif de mesure de la conductivité thermique d'un fluide multifonctionnel.
US20060102620A1 (en) * 2004-11-12 2006-05-18 Ntn Corporation Heat treat process
FR2880898B1 (fr) * 2005-01-17 2007-05-11 Const Mecaniques Sa Et Cellule de trempe au gaz pour pieces en acier
RU2455112C2 (ru) * 2007-12-14 2012-07-10 Авуре Текнолоджиз Аб Устройство для горячего изостатического прессования
EP2131168A1 (fr) * 2008-06-04 2009-12-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif de détection de la capacité de changements dans un fluide et une turbine
DE102009041041B4 (de) * 2009-09-10 2011-07-14 ALD Vacuum Technologies GmbH, 63450 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Härten von Werkstücken, sowie nach dem Verfahren gehärtete Werkstücke
CN108531692B (zh) * 2018-07-06 2023-12-26 江苏南钢通恒特材科技有限公司 感应正火生产线

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3037638A1 (de) * 1980-10-04 1982-05-13 Joachim Dr.-Ing. 7251 Warmbronn Wünning Verfahren zur bestimmung der abschreckwirkung eines abschreckmediums, insbesondere beim haerten von stahl
US4412752A (en) * 1981-09-21 1983-11-01 International Harvester Co. Method and apparatus for determining the cooling characteristics of a quenching medium
DE3736501C1 (de) * 1987-10-28 1988-06-09 Degussa Verfahren zur Waermebehandlung metallischer Werkstuecke
JP2623359B2 (ja) * 1990-06-28 1997-06-25 高周波熱錬株式会社 冷却溶液の冷却能試験方法及び装置
DE4135313A1 (de) * 1991-10-25 1993-04-29 Ipsen Ind Int Gmbh Verfahren zum abkuehlen einer werkstueckcharge innerhalb eines waermebehandlungsprozesses
US5918473A (en) * 1997-05-09 1999-07-06 Alcan International Limited Method and apparatus for measuring quenchant properties of coolants

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023094557A1 (fr) * 2021-11-25 2023-06-01 Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh Procédé et système de trempe bainitique de pièces métalliques

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1167548B1 (fr) 2005-03-16
US20020036075A1 (en) 2002-03-28
DE10030046C1 (de) 2001-09-13
DE50105589D1 (de) 2005-04-21
EP1167548A3 (fr) 2004-01-02
US6554922B2 (en) 2003-04-29
ATE291102T1 (de) 2005-04-15

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