EP1173394B9 - Pyrotechnische wirkmasse zur erzeugung eines im infraroten stark emissiven und im visuellen undurchdringlichen aerosols - Google Patents
Pyrotechnische wirkmasse zur erzeugung eines im infraroten stark emissiven und im visuellen undurchdringlichen aerosols Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1173394B9 EP1173394B9 EP00901589A EP00901589A EP1173394B9 EP 1173394 B9 EP1173394 B9 EP 1173394B9 EP 00901589 A EP00901589 A EP 00901589A EP 00901589 A EP00901589 A EP 00901589A EP 1173394 B9 EP1173394 B9 EP 1173394B9
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- impenetrable
- active mass
- red phosphorus
- aerosol
- alkali metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 title description 23
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910001963 alkali metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 4
- NLSCHDZTHVNDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium nitrate Chemical compound [Cs+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O NLSCHDZTHVNDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphonate Chemical compound O=P(=O)OP(=O)=O YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentoxide Inorganic materials O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010053615 Thermal burn Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006249 ZrSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000987 azo dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004074 biphenyls Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- VQYKQHDWCVUGBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylidynezirconium Chemical compound [Zr]#P VQYKQHDWCVUGBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTHYXYOJKHGZJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium nitrate Inorganic materials [Rb+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O RTHYXYOJKHGZJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 description 1
- ADDWXBZCQABCGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(iii) phosphide Chemical compound [Ti]#P ADDWXBZCQABCGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KHAUBYTYGDOYRU-IRXASZMISA-N trospectomycin Chemical compound CN[C@H]([C@H]1O2)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](NC)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@]2(O)C(=O)C[C@@H](CCCC)O1 KHAUBYTYGDOYRU-IRXASZMISA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D3/00—Generation of smoke or mist (chemical part)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H3/00—Camouflage, i.e. means or methods for concealment or disguise
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a human and ecotoxicological compatible pyrotechnic active material consisting of red phosphorus, one metallic fuel from the group of transition metals, preferably Titanium, zirconium or iron, a moderator from the group of metalloids boron and silicon, an oxidizing agent from the group of the alkali metal nitrates is preferred Cesium nitrate and potassium nitrate, which are used to produce an im Infrared (3-5, 8-14 ⁇ m) highly emissive and visually impenetrable Aerosols are suitable.
- Aerosols based on organic azo dyes are used (white, orange, red, violet, green, blue) which are only in the visible range of the spectrum absorb, preferably used for camouflage, deception and blinding Aerosols, which also include the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum especially in the area of the atmospheric transmission window at 0.3 - 1.5; 1.6-1.8; 2.0-2.5; 3.0-5.0 and 8.0-14 ⁇ m through different mechanisms interrupt. These mechanisms include scattering, absorption and Radiation emission.
- I the radiation intensity weakened by the interactions
- I 0 the initial intensity
- c corresponds to the concentration of the aerosol per unit volume
- l is the path length of the isotropic density assumed by the aerosol cloud
- the scattering process mainly depends on the particle morphology and size of the particles, the absorption is only determined by the chemical composition of the particles. Only the refractive index m of an aerosol, which is determined both by the physical and chemical properties, influences both the scattering and the absorption behavior.
- the particle diameter assuming the spherical morphology of the particles, and the wavelength of the radiation to be scattered must be identical. This means that for optimal scattering of radiation in the micrometer range there must be particles with particle diameters of 0.3 - 14 ⁇ m.
- the aerosols described under a) and b) have a chemical composition to absorb infrared radiation. Both soot and Brass dust is electrically conductive and therefore for coupling infrared radiation suitable.
- the disadvantages of the methods for generating infrared radiation described above shielding aerosol clouds consist in a) in the contamination of the produced soot particles with partly carcinogenic polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) and in the case of energetic halogenated ones Components in such pyrotechnic sentences in the contamination of the Carbon black particles with polyhalogenated oxyarenes such as e.g. Polyhalogendibenzofuranen and polyhalodibenzodioxins or also polyhalogenated Biphenyls.
- PAH polyaromatic Hydrocarbons
- EP106334 active compositions which contain red phosphorus, CsNO 3 , B, Ti or a Zr / Ni alloy and a binder.
- a disadvantage of this process is that the polyaromatics formed are also contain carcinogenic substances, and the emissive effect due to use of magnesium subsides very quickly.
- the object of the present invention was therefore to create a new camouflage fog develop, in addition to the impenetrability in the visible area also a long-lasting coverage in the IR range.
- the main components of the mist sets according to the invention include red phosphorus, an alkali metal nitrate such as lithium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, rubidium nitrate and cesium nitrate, or a mixture thereof, and, as secondary components, a metallic fuel from the group of transition metals such as titanium, zirconium or iron or one metal-rich alloy or compound of these elements such as TiH, Zr / Ni, Zr / Fe or ZrSi 2 , at least one metalloid such as boron or silicon or an electron-donating compound of these elements, and a polymeric organic binder.
- red phosphorus serves as a carrier for the transmission-damping effect in the visible range, but new is the knowledge that under certain circumstances the red phosphorus also acts as a carrier for the emissive effect in the infrared range.
- the red phosphorus is largely evaporated during the conversion of the energetic components nitrate / metal / metalloid (Eq. 3) and burns to phosphorus pentoxide in the presence of atmospheric oxygen according to equation (4).
- Phosphorus pentoxide reacts with the air humidity according to equation 5 to phosphoric acid.
- alkali metal nitrates as an oxidizing agent according to the invention provides alkali metal oxides during combustion, which in the presence of atmospheric moisture acc. GI. 6 react to the hydroxides.
- M Na, K, Rb, Cs
- the aerosol droplets formed have a size of 0.01-2 ⁇ m and thereby high absorption and scattering coefficients in the visible and short-wave Infrared range from 0.3 - 1.9 ⁇ m and low attenuation values in the middle and long-wave infrared from 2 - 14 ⁇ m.
- the Reactions 4 - 6 but especially heat generated in steps 7 and 8 for strong emission of the aerosol droplets in the middle and long-wave infrared, and thus compensates for the low scatter and Absorption coefficient.
- the heat development according to the invention occurs in part through chemical processes that are only delayed by the onset of education of the aerosol droplets become possible, so that this emissive effect 50 - 200 sec., I.e. for the time necessary for camouflage.
- transition metals Through the use of transition metals according to the invention, their oxides have high levels of heat, such as zirconium and titanium, as well Metalloids such as boron and / or silicon have very high combustion temperatures reached, therefore the aerosol particles get a high thermal Energy, which increases the emission in the long-wave IR.
- transition metals and their alloys or metal-rich compounds continue to suppress the formation of Phosphansentnern.
- the incineration due to oxygen underbalancing formed metal phosphides e.g. zirconium phosphide or titanium phosphide have non-ionic character, which is why with humidity or acid Rain does not result in hydrolysis or acidolysis with the release of phosphines.
- fog sentences laboratoryized according to the invention are human and ecotoxicological compatible and considerably safer than conventional fog sets based on red phosphorus and light metal such as magnesium or aluminum. This is also typical for mist sets based on red phosphorus self-igniting of the combustion residues no longer occurs.
- Radiometric measurement of the resulting aerosol at a distance of 4 m from the source reveals the following radiation levels in the infrared range: Band V (8 - 14 ⁇ m) Band II (3 - 5 ⁇ m) > 100 W / sr> 25 s > 20 W / sr> 25 s > 60 W / sr> 75 s > 10 W / sr> 75 s.
- FIG. 1 shows the radiant intensity of the aerosol clouds which are produced by burning off a compact of the mass 120 g, which has been processed according to the invention, at a distance of 5 m from the source.
- the aerosol clouds generated according to the invention very good irradiation (> 95%) of emissive targets, the color temperature 300 ° C., is achieved.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
Description
| Band V (8 - 14 µm) | Band II (3 - 5 µm) |
| > 100 W/sr > 25 s | > 20 W/sr > 25 s |
| > 60 W/sr > 75 s | > 10 W/sr > 75 s. |
Claims (2)
- Im Visuellen undurchdringliche und im Infraroten stark emissive pyrotechnische Wirkmasse für Tarn- und Täuschzwecke, welche als Hauptbestandteile roter Phosphor, ein Alkalimetallnitrat oder eine Mischung von Alkalimetallnitraten, und als Nebenbestandteile mindestens ein Übergangsmetall, bzw. eine metallreiche Verbindung oder Legierung desselben, mindestens ein Metalloid sowie ein Binder enthalten sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß 55% bis 62 % roter Phosphor, 18 % bis 23 % Alkalimetallnitrate, 10 bis 18 % Nebenbestandteile aus Übergangsmetallen und Metalloiden und 5 bis 7 % Binder enthalten sind.
- Pyrotechnische Wirkmasse nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß 58,5 % roter Phosphor, 21,1 % Kaliumnitrat, jeweils 4,7 % Bor, Silicium und Zirconium sowie 6,3 % eines Polychloropren-Binders enthalten sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19914097 | 1999-03-27 | ||
| DE19914097A DE19914097A1 (de) | 1999-03-27 | 1999-03-27 | Pyrotechnische Wirkmasse zur Erzeugung eines im Infraroten stark emissiven und im Visuellen undurchdringlichen Aerosols |
| PCT/EP2000/000498 WO2000058237A1 (de) | 1999-03-27 | 2000-01-24 | Pyrotechnische wirkmasse zur erzeugung eines im infraroten stark emissiven und im visuellen undurchdringlichen aerosols |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1173394A1 EP1173394A1 (de) | 2002-01-23 |
| EP1173394B1 EP1173394B1 (de) | 2004-03-17 |
| EP1173394B9 true EP1173394B9 (de) | 2004-10-13 |
Family
ID=7902742
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00901589A Expired - Lifetime EP1173394B9 (de) | 1999-03-27 | 2000-01-24 | Pyrotechnische wirkmasse zur erzeugung eines im infraroten stark emissiven und im visuellen undurchdringlichen aerosols |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6581520B1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1173394B9 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2002540058A (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE261921T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19914097A1 (de) |
| DK (1) | DK1173394T3 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2218106T3 (de) |
| IL (1) | IL145133A0 (de) |
| PT (1) | PT1173394E (de) |
| TR (1) | TR200102777T2 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2000058237A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2151422A2 (de) | 2008-08-06 | 2010-02-10 | Diehl BGT Defence GmbH & Co.KG | Wirkmittel zur wahlweisen Herbeiführung einer Detonation oder einer Deflagration |
| DE102008060573A1 (de) | 2008-12-04 | 2010-06-10 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Pyrotechnische Wirkmasse zur Erzeugung eines Tarnnebels |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10226507A1 (de) | 2002-06-14 | 2003-12-24 | Diehl Munitionssysteme Gmbh | Nebelwurfkörper |
| FR2849690B1 (fr) * | 2003-01-08 | 2006-08-18 | Lacroix Soc E | Dispositif de protection notamment pour vehicules terrestres |
| US8414718B2 (en) * | 2004-01-14 | 2013-04-09 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Energetic material composition |
| DE102004018862A1 (de) * | 2004-04-19 | 2005-11-03 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines Infrarot-Flächenstrahlers |
| DE102004024857B4 (de) * | 2004-05-19 | 2008-07-10 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Pyrotechnischer Satz |
| DE102004047231B4 (de) | 2004-09-28 | 2008-08-21 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Wirkkörper |
| US20060219341A1 (en) | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-05 | Johnston Harold E | Heavy metal free, environmentally green percussion primer and ordnance and systems incorporating same |
| DE102005020159B4 (de) * | 2005-04-29 | 2007-10-04 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Tarn- und Täuschmunition zum Schutz von Objekten gegen Lenkflugkörper |
| US7343861B1 (en) | 2005-05-31 | 2008-03-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Device and method for producing an infrared emission at a given wavelength |
| US8540828B2 (en) | 2008-08-19 | 2013-09-24 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Nontoxic, noncorrosive phosphorus-based primer compositions and an ordnance element including the same |
| US8641842B2 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2014-02-04 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Propellant compositions including stabilized red phosphorus, a method of forming same, and an ordnance element including the same |
| US7857921B2 (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2010-12-28 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Nontoxic, noncorrosive phosphorus-based primer compositions |
| RU2342178C2 (ru) * | 2006-03-17 | 2008-12-27 | Владимир Иванович Селиверстов | Термохимический аэрозолеобразующий состав |
| CA2942312C (en) * | 2007-02-09 | 2019-05-28 | Vista Outdoor Operations Llc | Non-toxic percussion primers and methods of preparing the same |
| US8192568B2 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2012-06-05 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Non-toxic percussion primers and methods of preparing the same |
| WO2009048599A1 (en) | 2007-10-09 | 2009-04-16 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Friend or foe detection |
| US7946228B2 (en) * | 2008-05-09 | 2011-05-24 | Wendy Gainsborough, legal representative | Self contained non toxic obscurant grenade and self-contained aerosol dispersing grenade |
| DE102008033494A1 (de) | 2008-07-16 | 2010-01-21 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Nebeltopf |
| WO2010093292A1 (en) * | 2009-02-11 | 2010-08-19 | Saab Ab | Decoy material package, a dispenser and a method for dispensing decoy material |
| US8206522B2 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2012-06-26 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Non-toxic, heavy-metal free sensitized explosive percussion primers and methods of preparing the same |
| DE102013002119A1 (de) * | 2013-02-08 | 2014-08-28 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Explosivstofffreies Geschoss zur Erzeugung einer thermischen Signatur |
| KR101478643B1 (ko) * | 2014-08-14 | 2015-01-02 | 국방과학연구소 | 팽창 흑연과 적린을 이용한 연소형 다영역 차장 연막제 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE301646C (de) | ||||
| US3730093A (en) * | 1966-12-27 | 1973-05-01 | North American Rockwell | Explosive apparatus |
| DE2412346A1 (de) * | 1974-03-14 | 1975-09-25 | Buck Kg | Handabfeuerungsgeraet mit brandladung |
| DE2819850C2 (de) * | 1978-05-05 | 1980-03-20 | Buck Chemisch-Technische Werke Gmbh & Co, 8230 Bad Reichenhall | Pyrotechnischer Nebelsatz |
| DE3028933C1 (de) * | 1980-07-30 | 1989-11-23 | Buck Chem Tech Werke | Hochbelastbarer Nebelformkoerper mit Breitbandtarnwirkung |
| DE3031369C2 (de) * | 1980-08-20 | 1987-01-02 | Pyrotechnische Fabrik F. Feistel GmbH + Co KG, 6719 Göllheim | Pyrotechnische Ladung aus Nebelsatz und Anzündsatz und Verfahren zur Herstellung der Nebelmischung und des Anzündsatzes |
| FR2560371B1 (fr) | 1982-07-27 | 1989-03-31 | France Etat Armement | Procede d'occultation des rayonnements visible et infrarouge et munition fumigene mettant en oeuvre ce procede |
| DE3238444C2 (de) * | 1982-10-16 | 1986-10-30 | Pyrotechnische Fabrik F. Feistel GmbH + Co KG, 6719 Göllheim | Pyrotechnische Nebelsätze |
| US4534810A (en) * | 1984-01-30 | 1985-08-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Red phosphorous smoke producing composition |
| GB2206343B (en) * | 1987-06-17 | 1990-03-07 | Secr Defence Brit | Smoke producing composition for pyrotechnic markers, method for the production thereof and pyrotechnic markers containing same. |
| DE4030430C1 (de) * | 1990-09-26 | 1993-12-02 | Buck Chem Tech Werke | IR-undurchlässigen Nebel erzeugende Zusammensetzung |
| US5522320A (en) | 1993-07-12 | 1996-06-04 | Thiokol Corporation | Low-toxicity obscuring smoke formulation |
| DE4327976C1 (de) * | 1993-08-19 | 1995-01-05 | Buck Chem Tech Werke | Flaremasse zur Scheinzielerzeugung |
| US5834680A (en) * | 1995-09-22 | 1998-11-10 | Cordant Technologies Inc. | Black body decoy flare compositions for thrusted applications and methods of use |
| US6427599B1 (en) * | 1997-08-29 | 2002-08-06 | Bae Systems Integrated Defense Solutions Inc. | Pyrotechnic compositions and uses therefore |
-
1999
- 1999-03-27 DE DE19914097A patent/DE19914097A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-01-24 EP EP00901589A patent/EP1173394B9/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-01-24 ES ES00901589T patent/ES2218106T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-01-24 WO PCT/EP2000/000498 patent/WO2000058237A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2000-01-24 JP JP2000607944A patent/JP2002540058A/ja active Pending
- 2000-01-24 IL IL14513300A patent/IL145133A0/xx unknown
- 2000-01-24 AT AT00901589T patent/ATE261921T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-01-24 PT PT00901589T patent/PT1173394E/pt unknown
- 2000-01-24 DE DE50005691T patent/DE50005691D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-01-24 US US09/937,619 patent/US6581520B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-01-24 DK DK00901589T patent/DK1173394T3/da active
- 2000-01-24 TR TR2001/02777T patent/TR200102777T2/xx unknown
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2151422A2 (de) | 2008-08-06 | 2010-02-10 | Diehl BGT Defence GmbH & Co.KG | Wirkmittel zur wahlweisen Herbeiführung einer Detonation oder einer Deflagration |
| DE102008036649A1 (de) | 2008-08-06 | 2010-02-18 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Wirkmittel zur wahlweisen Herbeiführung einer Detonation oder einer Deflagration |
| DE102008060573A1 (de) | 2008-12-04 | 2010-06-10 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Pyrotechnische Wirkmasse zur Erzeugung eines Tarnnebels |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1173394A1 (de) | 2002-01-23 |
| US6581520B1 (en) | 2003-06-24 |
| WO2000058237A1 (de) | 2000-10-05 |
| DE19914097A1 (de) | 2000-09-28 |
| PT1173394E (pt) | 2004-07-30 |
| EP1173394B1 (de) | 2004-03-17 |
| ES2218106T3 (es) | 2004-11-16 |
| TR200102777T2 (tr) | 2002-01-21 |
| IL145133A0 (en) | 2002-06-30 |
| ATE261921T1 (de) | 2004-04-15 |
| JP2002540058A (ja) | 2002-11-26 |
| DE50005691D1 (de) | 2004-04-29 |
| DK1173394T3 (da) | 2004-07-19 |
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