EP1179096B1 - Procede pour l'obtention de tissu en fibres de carbone par carbonisation en continu d'un tissu en fibres cellulosiques - Google Patents
Procede pour l'obtention de tissu en fibres de carbone par carbonisation en continu d'un tissu en fibres cellulosiques Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1179096B1 EP1179096B1 EP00985404A EP00985404A EP1179096B1 EP 1179096 B1 EP1179096 B1 EP 1179096B1 EP 00985404 A EP00985404 A EP 00985404A EP 00985404 A EP00985404 A EP 00985404A EP 1179096 B1 EP1179096 B1 EP 1179096B1
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 title description 17
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 title description 15
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 22
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 13
- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- -1 polysiloxanes Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009656 pre-carbonization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-D Chemical compound OC(=O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002879 Lewis base Substances 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perchloroethylene Chemical group ClC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052909 inorganic silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001709 polysilazane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950011008 tetrachloroethylene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
- D01F9/16—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from products of vegetable origin or derivatives thereof, e.g. from cellulose acetate
Definitions
- the invention relates to the manufacture of fabrics made of carbon from cellulosic cellulose fibers precursor carbon.
- the invention aims more particularly, but not exclusively, the manufacture of carbon fiber fabric by carbonization of a fabric made of viscose fibers, especially rayon fibers.
- Cellulosic precursor carbon fibers exhibit generally a porous structure formed of turbostratic carbon very disorganized, this structure being further disoriented by relative to the axial direction of the fibers and their pore network.
- carbon fibers a low thermal conductivity, which makes them particularly suitable for formation of thermal protective coatings, such as ablative coatings for combustion chambers and nozzles thrusters.
- a commonly used method is to perform a direct carbonization of a cellulosic fiber fabric, especially a viscose fabric.
- the fabric is put in the form of a skein of a length from one to several hundred meters. It is precarbonized up to a temperature of about 400 ° C. Precarbonization is carried out in a container preferably in a neutral atmosphere, for example with nitrogen sweeping. Effluents from decomposition cellulose are sucked up and burned in a flare.
- precarbonization can last up to 15 days, which is extremely long.
- the pre-carbonization phase is followed by a treatment thermal at a temperature of about 1200 ° C for about 1 to 2 min.
- a final treatment at high temperature, for example 2800 ° C, can be done to increase the conductivity of the carbon and close its porosity.
- the precursor fabric for example viscose fibers is impregnated with an organosilicon compound which has the effect of maintain good mechanical properties for the fiber fabric of carbon obtained.
- the organosilicon compound is chosen from the compounds from the group of polydimethylphenylallylsilanes, polysiloxanes, polymethylsiloxanes, polysilazanes, polyalumino-organosiloxanes.
- the impregnated fabric is subjected to heat treatment in continuous under air at a temperature between 100 ° C and 300 ° C, plus particularly between 100 ° C and 150 ° C, to induce relaxation of constraints that exist in cellulosic fibers and eliminate water adsorbed by the fibers.
- the carbonization is then carried out on the moving fabric in continuously in an enclosure under an inert atmosphere, raising the temperature gradually to 300 ° C to 600 ° C. Treatment at high temperature, maximum up to 280 ° C under inert atmosphere, is then realized.
- the gaseous effluents of pyrolysis of the cellulose are sucked up and burned in a flare, the suction means being located in the enclosure where the maximum of degradation of cellulose.
- This process makes it possible to obtain mechanical properties satisfactory for carbon fibers, but leads to deformations of the resulting fabric, such as disorganization of weaving and embossing.
- the object of the invention is to avoid these drawbacks by proposing a process for obtaining carbon fiber fabric by carbonization of cellulosic fiber fabric, whereby a carbon fiber fabric obtained does not show any significant deformation.
- the chain son that extend parallel to the scroll direction of the fabric in the room is not in isothermal.
- the temperature at which the same wire is exposed varies between its portion exposed to the lowest temperature, before entering the room and the portion exposed to the highest temperature, at the other end of bedroom.
- the temperature profile according to the method of the invention aims at answer a first concern, which is to induce on the weft threads a shrinkage to respect the geometry of the fabric during its withdrawal to avoid clogging or disruption of the fabric. Therefore, in an initial phase after entering the tissue into the enclosure, the elevation temperature is relatively fast, to impose an early withdrawal to the weft threads.
- the temperature profile also aims to answer a second worry, which is to get a good mechanical quality of carbon threads resulting from carbonization. This is how, in a phase intermediate, where most of the decomposition of cellulose takes place, the temperature rise is slower to better respect the kinetics of decomposition. Choosing an average climb speed temperature between 2 ° C and 10 ° C can respond to this satisfactorily, without imposing a journey length excessive tissue.
- the final stage of carbonization which aims essentially at to give carbon the desired structure, can be conducted with again a faster temperature rise, most of the shrinkage in chain and weft have been observed, in order to reduce the total duration of the carbonization, so the production costs.
- the fabric is scrolled in the carbonization chamber through successive zones in each of which reigns a controlled temperature.
- the residence time of the tissue in the room is between 20 min and 2 h. Carbonization so is extremely fast.
- the tissue before carbonization, to a relaxation treatment at a temperature between 100 ° C and 250 ° C, preferably under air and for a duration for example between 15 min and 3 h.
- a plant for the continuous carbonization of a fiber fabric Cellulosic is shown very schematically in Figure 1.
- the carbonization is carried out on a fiber fabric T cellulose fibers, for example technical viscose fibers, to which added an organosilicon compound which acts, during the decomposition of the cellulose, so that the obtained carbon fibers retain good mechanical properties.
- the organosilicon compound may be a siloxane resin, consisting of units of formula SiO 4 (designated Q 4 units ), units of formula SiO 3 -OH (so-called Q 3 units ) and units of formula O-Si-R 3 (referred to as M units), advantageously consisting of n 1 units Q 4 , n 2 units Q 3 and n 3 units M, with 2 ⁇ n 1 ⁇ 70, 3 ⁇ n 2 ⁇ 50 and 3 ⁇ n 3 ⁇ 50 and having a number average molecular weight of between 2,500 and 5,000.
- Q 4 units units of formula SiO 3 -OH
- M units units of formula O-Si-R 3
- the organosilicon compound may also be chosen from oligomers of a partially hydrolysed organic silicate, advantageously selected from oligomers of a partially alkyl silicate hydrolyzed, and preferably selected from oligomers of ethyl silicate partially hydrolysed.
- the impregnation is carried out by scrolling the fabric T in a tray 10 containing the selected organosilicon compound, in solution in a solvent such as a chlorinated solvent (for example tetrachlorethylene) or acetone. Impregnation of the fabric can be achieved by passing through a bath (as illustrated) and / or by spraying the compound solution organosilicon on the faces of the fabric. At the outlet of the tray 10, the impregnated fabric is expressed by passing between rollers 12 in order to leave a controlled amount of compound.
- a solvent such as a chlorinated solvent (for example tetrachlorethylene) or acetone.
- the impregnated fabric is then admitted to a dryer 14 so to eliminate the solvent.
- the drying is carried out for example by air flow hot against the current of the fabric scrolling on embarrassments 16.
- the impregnated and dried fabric is ready to be charred. he can be temporarily stored, for example by bambanning in a container or be admitted directly continuously to the carbonization station 18 itself.
- the fabric may also have been impregnated with at least one mineral additive, acid or Lewis base, for example chosen from ammonium and sodium halides, sulphates and phosphates, urea and their mixtures and advantageously consists of in ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl) or diammonium phosphate [(NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 ].
- at least one mineral additive for example chosen from ammonium and sodium halides, sulphates and phosphates, urea and their mixtures and advantageously consists of in ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl) or diammonium phosphate [(NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 ].
- the carbonization comprises a moderate heat treatment of drying and relaxation of the tissue followed by passage in an oven where the carbonization is actually carried out.
- the relaxation treatment is performed by admission of the tissue in a chamber 20 at atmospheric pressure and in ambient air.
- the temperature in the chamber 20 is regulated to a value between 100 ° C and 250 ° C, for example about 130 ° C.
- the residence time in the enclosure 20 is preferably between 15 min and 3 h.
- the length of the path of the fabric in the enclosure, with passage on rolls of reference 22, is chosen to obtain the desired residence time depending the speed of scrolling of the fabric.
- Relaxation heat treatment allows a relaxation of the internal stresses of the cellulosic fibers, and removal of water adsorbed by the fabric.
- the carbonization is then carried out by admission of the fabric in an enclosure 30 enclosing a carbonization chamber 40.
- the admission of the cellulosic fiber fabric into the chamber 40, at a end of it, and extracting the carbon fiber cloth out of the chamber 40, at the other end thereof, are made through sealing boxes 50, 52. At its entry into the box 50, the fabric is returned substantially at room temperature.
- the carbonization chamber is a elongate chamber in which the fabric follows a horizontal straight path.
- Other configurations of the carbonization chamber may be considered, for example a room with several adjacent parts consecutive horizontal or vertical in which the fabric is guided by return rollers.
- the chamber 40 is delimited by the horizontal walls 42 has lower and upper 42b, and vertical side walls 42 c, 42 d, for example of graphite.
- the chamber 40 is surrounded by an enclosure 30.
- electrical heating resistors 34 are arranged near the outer faces of walls 42 a, 42 b.
- the interior of the chamber 40 is kept under atmosphere neutral, for example under nitrogen injected by pipes 36 respectively near the entrance and the exit of the room.
- atmosphere neutral for example under nitrogen injected by pipes 36 respectively near the entrance and the exit of the room.
- of the products of decomposition of cellulose, during its carbonization, are extracts from the chamber through one or more chimneys 38.
- the extraction chimneys are placed at a level of the oven where occurs mainly the decomposition of cellulose. Extracted products can be flared (not shown).
- Sealing boxes 50, 52 prevent access to the interior of chamber 40 by ambient air, which would have the effect of disturbing the circulation of the gases inside chamber 40 and oxidizing the fabric charred. Sealing boxes 50, 52 also prevent polluting leakage of decomposition products of cellulose in the shelter building the enclosure 30. It is advantageous to use, at least for the box 50, a combination of static sealing by inflatable bead contacting the fabric with a minimum of friction, and dynamic barrier sealing formed by injection of neutral gas. An embodiment of such a sealing box is described in the patent application WO 01/42542.
- the carbonization chamber 40 has an elongated rectangular profile (FIG. 2). Between the inlet and the outlet of the chamber 40, the fabric passes through a succession of adjacent zones separated from each other by transverse walls 44 a, 44 b.
- the walls 44 for example graphite, are connected to top and side walls of the chamber 4, while the walls 44 b, for example also in graphite, are connected to the bottom and side walls of the chamber 40.
- the ends facing walls 44 a and 44 b define therebetween a slit 46 for the passage of the fabric.
- the division of the chamber 40 into several consecutive zones 40 1 , 40 2 , 40 3 ,... makes it possible to define different temperature zones between the inlet and the outlet of the chamber 40.
- the temperature is regulated at a predetermined set value.
- the currents in the resistors 34 are regulated by a control circuit 46 on the basis of information provided by temperature probes 48 arranged in the different zones 40 1 , 40 2 , 40 3 , ....
- the initial phase aims at imposing an early withdrawal of the frame fabric so that it adapts to the geometry of the warp yarns.
- the portion of each wire of chain entering the room is influenced by the part located in downstream exposed to a higher temperature. Imposing a rapid heating as soon as entering the chamber 40 allows the weft to "follow" the removal of the tissue and avoid the appearance of defects geometric in the fabric.
- a rate of temperature rise relatively fast is chosen. It is on average between 10 ° C / min and 60 ° C / min, preferably between 10 ° C / min and 40 ° C / min.
- the rate of rise in temperature may be higher at the beginning of the initial phase than at the end of it.
- the tissue temperature at the end of the initial phase is included between 250 ° C and 350 ° C, preferably between 270 ° C and 300 ° C.
- the intermediate phase is where most of the decomposition of cellulose.
- this decomposition In order to keep fibers a good mechanical strength, this decomposition must be controlled, that is to say produce with a moderate rate of rise in temperature. In average, this speed is between 2 ° C / min and 10 ° C / min, preferably between 4 ° C / min and 6 ° C / min, being noted that too low a speed become economically disadvantageous.
- the temperature of the tissue at the end of the intermediate phase is between 400 ° C and 450 ° C. This temperature is the temperature at which most of the decomposition of the cellulose is carried out.
- the final phase is where the carbonization of the fibers is completed until the desired carbon structure is obtained.
- the temperature of the fabric at the end of the final phase is included between 500 ° C. and 750 ° C., for example between 550 ° C. and 650 ° C. for reach a stage of charring sufficiently advanced.
- the temperature rise can be faster than in the intermediate phase, since the decomposition of cellulose has been essentially achieved.
- the constraints related to differential withdrawals between string and frame are smaller since most of the shrinkage occurred in both the warp and weft.
- Speed average rise in temperature is chosen between 5 ° C / min and 40 ° C / min, for example between 25 ° C / min and 30 ° C / min.
- a desired thermal profile for the tissue in the chamber of carbonization 40 is likely to be reproduced with even more that the number of zones in chamber 40 is high, with individual control of the temperature in each zone.
- the number of zones is at least 3, preferably at least equal to 6.
- the fabric passes between call rollers 54 before being stored for example in the form of a coil 56.
- the call rollers are associated with means of training (not shown) to control the scrolling of the fabric at the desired speed. It should be noted that due to the removal of the warp threads during carbonization, the speed of entry of the fabric into the chamber 40 is greater than the output speed.
- the residence time of the fabric in the chamber 40 is included between 20 minutes and 2 hours.
- High temperature heat treatment can be realized on the carbonized fabric from the chamber 40.
- This heat treatment is performed continuously by passing the fabric in a furnace 60.
- This treatment thermal aims to achieve a structuring of carbon fibers. It is temperature above 1000 ° C, up to 2800 ° C, under a neutral atmosphere, for example under nitrogen.
- the weather of residence of the fabric in the oven 60 is preferably between 1 min and 10 min, for example about 2 min.
- the fabric is taken from the spool 56 and is stored, at the furnace outlet 60, on a coil 62, being called by rolls 64.
- the carbon fabric directly from chamber 40 can also be carefully oxidized by exposure to water vapor or carbon dioxide, under conditions well known to elsewhere to obtain activated carbon fabric without heat treatment at high temperature.
- a carbonization plant with a shared chamber is used in 8 zones 40 1 to 40 8 of equal lengths.
- vent or chimneys for the decomposition products of the cellulose are located between the zones 40 5 and 40 6 .
- the tissue was continuously treated at 1200 ° C under nitrogen for 90 s.
- a rayon fiber fabric such as that of the examples above was carbonized continuously.
- the same fabric was charred in similar conditions with the exception of the char profile, the temperature rise of the fabric having been carried out at a speed constant 7 ° C / min from room temperature to 650 ° C.
- FIG. 4 shows the embossed appearance of the fabric obtained, due to a offset of the withdrawal between the chain and the frame.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
Description
- une phase initiale pour amener la température du tissu à une valeur comprise entre 250°C et 350°C, la phase initiale comprenant une montée en température à une première vitesse moyenne comprise entre 10°C/min et 60°C/min,
- une phase intermédiaire pour élever la température du tissu jusqu'à une valeur comprise entre 350°C et 500°C, la phase intermédiaire comprenant une montée en température à une deuxième vitesse moyenne inférieure à la première et comprise entre 2°C/min et 10°C/min, et
- une phase finale pour élever la température du tissu jusqu'à une valeur comprise entre 500°C et 750°C, la phase finale comprenant une montée en température à une troisième vitesse moyenne supérieure à la deuxième et comprise entre 5°C/min et 40°C/min.
- la figure 1 est une vue très schématique en coupe longitudinale d'une installation de carbonisation en continu pour l'obtention de tissus en fibres de carbone ;
- la figure 2 est une vue en coupe transversale selon le plan II-II de la figure 1 ;
- la figure 3 illustre une plage de profil thermique d'un tissu à l'intérieur d'une chambre de carbonisation selon un procédé conforme à l'invention ; et
- la figure 4 montre un tissu obtenu par mise en oeuvre d'un procédé autre que celui de l'invention.
- celle des polyhydrosiloxanes, cycliques, linéaires ou ramifiés, substitués par des groupes méthyles et/ou phényles, dont la masse moléculaire moyenne en nombre est comprise entre 250 et 10 000, avantageusement entre 2 500 et 5 000 ; et
- celle des oligomères et résines, réticulés, cycliques ou
ramifiés, qui présentent une masse moléculaire en nombre comprise entre
500 et 10 000 et qui sont constitués de motifs de formule SiO4 (dits motifs
Q4) et de motifs de formule SiOxRy(OR')z dans laquelle :
- x, y et z sont des nombres entiers, tels que
x + y + z = 4 et 1 ≤ x ≤ 3
0 ≤ y ≤ 3
0 ≤ z ≤ 3 ; - R représente l'hydrogène ou un radical alkyle, linéaire ou ramifié, comportant de 1 à 10 atomes de carbone, des R différents étant susceptibles d'intervenir dans un même motif, lorsque y ≥ 2 ;
- R' représente, indépendamment de R, l'hydrogène ou un radical alkyle, linéaire ou ramifié, comportant de 1 à 10 atomes de carbone, des R' différents étant susceptibles d'intervenir dans un même motif, lorsque z ≥ 2 ;
- pour les résines qui présentent une masse moléculaire moyenne en nombre supérieure à 2 000, on a y # 0, dans ladite formule SiOxRy(OR')z. - x, y et z sont des nombres entiers, tels que
x + y + z = 4 et 1 ≤ x ≤ 3
- une phase initiale au cours de laquelle la température du tissu est amenée à une valeur comprise entre 250°C et 350°C, avec une montée en température du tissu à une première vitesse en moyenne comprise entre 10°C/min et 60°C/min,
- une phase intermédiaire au cours de laquelle la température du tissu est amenée jusqu'à une valeur comprise entre 350°C et 500°C, avec une montée en température du tissu à une deuxième vitesse en moyenne inférieure à la première et comprise entre 2°C/min et 10°C/min, et
- une phase finale au cours de laquelle la température du tissu est amenée à une valeur comprise entre 500°C et 750°C, la phase finale comprenant une montée en température à une troisième vitesse en moyenne supérieure à la deuxième et comprise entre 5°C/min et 40°C/min.
| Zone | 401 | 402 | 403 | 404 | 405 | 406 | 407 | 408 |
| Temp. (°C) | 230 à 300 | 250 à 330 | 270 à 340 | 300 à 360 | 330 à 410 | 400 à 510 | 510 à 600 | 600 à 700 |
| Vitesse moyenne de montée en temp. (°C/min) | 20 à 60 | 2 à 10 | 2 à 10 | 2 à 10 | 2 à 10 | 5 à 25 | 5 à 25 | 5 à 25 |
Claims (9)
- Procédé d'obtention d'un tissu en fibres de carbone par carbonisation en continu d'un tissu en fibres cellulosiques, caractérisé en ce que l'on soumet un tissu défilant en continu dans une chambre de carbonisation à un traitement thermique comprenant :une phase initiale pour amener la température du tissu à une valeur comprise entre 250°C et 350°C, la phase initiale comprenant une montée en température à une première vitesse moyenne comprise entre 10°C/min et 60°C/min,une phase intermédiaire pour élever la température du tissu jusqu'à une valeur comprise entre 350°C et 500°C, la phase intermédiaire comprenant une montée en température à une deuxième vitesse moyenne inférieure à la première et comprise entre 2°C/min et 10°C/min, etune phase finale pour élever la température du tissu jusqu'à une valeur comprise entre 500°C et 750°C, la phase finale comprenant une montée en température à une troisième vitesse moyenne supérieure à la deuxième et comprise entre 5°C/min et 40°C/min.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on fait défiler le tissu dans la chambre à travers des zones successives dans chacune desquelles règne une température contrôlée.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le temps de séjour du tissu dans la chambre est compris entre 20 min et 2 h.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'avant carbonisation, on soumet le tissu à un traitement de relaxation à une température comprise entre 100°C et 250°C.
- Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le traitement de relaxation est effectué sous air.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 et 5, caractérisé en ce que le traitement de relaxation est effectué pendant une durée comprise entre 15 min et 3 h.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'on soumet le tissu carbonisé à un traitement thermique à haute température comprise entre 1 000°C et 2 800°C, après passage dans la chambre de carbonisation.
- Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le traitement thermique à haute température est réalisé pendant une durée comprise entre 1 min et 10 min.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'on soumet le tissu carbonisé à un traitement d'activation.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9915330 | 1999-12-06 | ||
| FR9915330A FR2801908B1 (fr) | 1999-12-06 | 1999-12-06 | Procede pour l'obtention de tissu en fibres de carbone par carbonisation en continu d'un tissu en fibres cellulosiques |
| PCT/FR2000/003385 WO2001042543A2 (fr) | 1999-12-06 | 2000-12-05 | Procede pour l'obtention de tissu en fibres de carbone par carbonisation en continu d'un tissu en fibres cellulosiques |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1179096A2 EP1179096A2 (fr) | 2002-02-13 |
| EP1179096B1 true EP1179096B1 (fr) | 2005-03-02 |
Family
ID=9552915
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00985404A Expired - Lifetime EP1179096B1 (fr) | 1999-12-06 | 2000-12-05 | Procede pour l'obtention de tissu en fibres de carbone par carbonisation en continu d'un tissu en fibres cellulosiques |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6967014B1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1179096B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP4582566B2 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE290108T1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2183101A (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR0007679B1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE60018406T2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2801908B1 (fr) |
| MX (1) | MXPA01007953A (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2257429C2 (fr) |
| UA (1) | UA68412C2 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2001042543A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1669480B1 (fr) * | 2004-12-07 | 2007-05-02 | Snecma Propulsion Solide | Méthode pour obtenir des fils ou des feuilles à base de fibre de carbon à partir d'un précurseur cellulosique |
| FR2909920B1 (fr) * | 2006-12-15 | 2009-03-20 | Snecma Propulsion Solide Sa | Procede de realisation d'un ensemble carter-divergent |
| JP5271887B2 (ja) * | 2009-05-08 | 2013-08-21 | 国防科学研究所 | ライオセル系炭素繊維及び炭素織物の製造方法 |
| RU2429316C1 (ru) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-09-20 | Юрий Васильевич Карасев | Способ непрерывного получения из гидратцеллюлозы углеродного волокна в виде однонаправленного жгута |
| RU2459893C1 (ru) * | 2011-03-18 | 2012-08-27 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Научно-производственный центр "УВИКОМ" (ООО НПЦ "УВИКОМ") | Способ получения углеродного волокнистого материала |
| RU2506356C1 (ru) * | 2012-07-13 | 2014-02-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Научно-исследовательский институт конструкционных материалов на основе графита "НИИграфит" | Установка карбонизации волокнистых вискозных материалов для получения комбинированных углеродных нитей |
| US8777601B2 (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-07-15 | Uht Unitech Co., Ltd. | Manufacturing device of high modulus graphite fiber |
| RU2520982C1 (ru) * | 2012-10-10 | 2014-06-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Научно-исследовательский институт конструкционных материалов на основе графита "НИИграфит" | Способ карбонизации вискозных волокнистых материалов в процессе получения углеродных волокон |
| WO2015011726A1 (fr) * | 2013-07-23 | 2015-01-29 | Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research | Électrode à fibre de carbone conductrice pour génération d'hydrogène et cellules solaires sensibilisées aux colorants |
| DE102014212241A1 (de) * | 2014-06-25 | 2015-12-31 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Carbonfasern mit modifizierter Oberfläche sowie Verfahren zur Modifizierung einer Carbonfaseroberfläche und Verwendung der Carbonfaser |
| US9657413B2 (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2017-05-23 | Cytec Industries Inc. | Continuous carbonization process and system for producing carbon fibers |
| CN105544022B (zh) * | 2016-01-29 | 2018-06-05 | 合肥天玾环保科技有限公司 | 一种粘胶基活性碳纤维的生产装置及节能环保方法 |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1242700A (fr) * | 1958-12-18 | 1960-09-30 | Union Carbide Corp | Graphite fibreux |
| US3053775A (en) * | 1959-11-12 | 1962-09-11 | Carbon Wool Corp | Method for carbonizing fibers |
| US3461082A (en) * | 1964-10-10 | 1969-08-12 | Nippon Kayaku Kk | Method for producing carbonized lignin fiber |
| GB1136349A (en) * | 1967-02-21 | 1968-12-11 | Great Lakes Carbon Corp | Improved carbonized or graphitized rayon |
| GB1301101A (en) * | 1969-01-08 | 1972-12-29 | Secr Defence | Improvements in the manufacture of carbon |
| US3692577A (en) * | 1969-12-02 | 1972-09-19 | Heathcoat & Co Ltd | Carbon filaments |
| JPS5540687B2 (fr) * | 1971-10-04 | 1980-10-20 | ||
| JPS51116224A (en) * | 1975-04-02 | 1976-10-13 | Toho Rayon Co Ltd | A process and an apparatus for producing carbon fibers |
| SU737514A1 (ru) * | 1977-08-15 | 1980-05-30 | Институт общей и неорганической химии АН Белорусской ССР | Способ получени углеродного волокнистого материала |
| GB1570677A (en) * | 1978-04-21 | 1980-07-02 | Clairaire Ltd | Manufacture of activated carbon |
| WO1984001566A1 (fr) * | 1978-06-22 | 1984-04-26 | Hiroshi Nishino | Procede de production de charbon actif fibreux |
| US4543241A (en) * | 1983-04-18 | 1985-09-24 | Toho Beslon Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for continuous production of carbon fibers |
| JPS62141126A (ja) * | 1985-12-10 | 1987-06-24 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | 活性炭素繊維の製造方法 |
| FR2760759B1 (fr) * | 1997-03-14 | 1999-06-11 | Carbone Ind | Procede de realisation de textures activees en fibres de carbone |
-
1999
- 1999-12-06 FR FR9915330A patent/FR2801908B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-05-12 UA UA2001085510A patent/UA68412C2/uk unknown
- 2000-12-05 BR BRPI0007679-1A patent/BR0007679B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-05 MX MXPA01007953A patent/MXPA01007953A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2000-12-05 EP EP00985404A patent/EP1179096B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-05 AU AU21831/01A patent/AU2183101A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-12-05 RU RU2001121190/04A patent/RU2257429C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-05 WO PCT/FR2000/003385 patent/WO2001042543A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2000-12-05 US US09/890,695 patent/US6967014B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-05 AT AT00985404T patent/ATE290108T1/de active
- 2000-12-05 DE DE60018406T patent/DE60018406T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-05 JP JP2001544409A patent/JP4582566B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MXPA01007953A (es) | 2003-07-14 |
| RU2257429C2 (ru) | 2005-07-27 |
| EP1179096A2 (fr) | 2002-02-13 |
| JP2003516477A (ja) | 2003-05-13 |
| UA68412C2 (en) | 2004-08-16 |
| AU2183101A (en) | 2001-06-18 |
| FR2801908A1 (fr) | 2001-06-08 |
| FR2801908B1 (fr) | 2002-03-01 |
| US6967014B1 (en) | 2005-11-22 |
| JP4582566B2 (ja) | 2010-11-17 |
| BR0007679A (pt) | 2001-11-06 |
| DE60018406T2 (de) | 2005-12-29 |
| WO2001042543A2 (fr) | 2001-06-14 |
| BR0007679B1 (pt) | 2011-05-17 |
| ATE290108T1 (de) | 2005-03-15 |
| DE60018406D1 (de) | 2005-04-07 |
| WO2001042543A3 (fr) | 2001-11-29 |
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