EP1230198A1 - Munition - Google Patents
MunitionInfo
- Publication number
- EP1230198A1 EP1230198A1 EP00969256A EP00969256A EP1230198A1 EP 1230198 A1 EP1230198 A1 EP 1230198A1 EP 00969256 A EP00969256 A EP 00969256A EP 00969256 A EP00969256 A EP 00969256A EP 1230198 A1 EP1230198 A1 EP 1230198A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lead
- ammunition
- substance
- ammunition according
- shot
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920000298 Cellophane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940058905 antimony compound for treatment of leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000001463 antimony compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- IUKSYUOJRHDWRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-diazonio-4,6-dinitrophenolate Chemical compound [O-]C1=C([N+]#N)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O IUKSYUOJRHDWRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000946381 Timon Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004125 X-ray microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- DLINORNFHVEIFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen peroxide;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].OO DLINORNFHVEIFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004655 tetrazenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940105296 zinc peroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B35/00—Testing or checking of ammunition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/008—Tagging additives
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
- F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
Definitions
- the present invention describes ammunition which contains at least one main substance which develops typical identification features after the shot with easy detectability and a high recovery rate.
- the so-called film impression process is used in conjunction with an energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis or an emission spectral analysis.
- the X-ray fluorescence analysis is used to determine the weft element lead on skin parts when determining the shot distance.
- a cellophane film soaked in acetic acid is pressed under high pressure onto the object to be examined.
- smoke elements (lead, antimony, etc.) diffuse from the smoke carrier into the cellophane film. If the film is developed after printing in a sodium sulfide or potassium bichromate bath, a visible distribution image of the smoke elements is obtained.
- the sample to be examined is irradiated with high-energy X-rays.
- the atoms of the sample are excited and in turn emit X-rays that are characteristic of the type of atom in question.
- the characteristic X-ray radiation of the atoms of a certain element can be used to determine whether this element is contained in the sample (e.g. the lead smoke element on a part of the skin).
- Diazodinitrophenol is used as the initial explosive. Tetrazene is required as a sensitizer. Special forms of zinc peroxide serve as the oxidizing agent. In addition, the igniter metal powder, z. B. titanium.
- the residual content of lead, barium or antimony compounds for the primer is ⁇ 0.01%.
- Zinc is emitted as harmless zinc oxide.
- the lead cores of the SINTOX ® ammunition were given metal covers.
- the elements and components of the powder smoke could be differentiated.
- the chemical elements zinc, titanium, copper and iron can be found in the optical spectrum.
- the present invention was therefore based on the object of providing ammunition which develops easily detectable and typical features after the shot.
- such ammunition should be made available that does not contain lead, Releases combustion products containing timon or barium, but develops easily detectable and typical characteristics after the shot.
- This object was achieved according to the invention by the addition of lead substances to the ammunition, which develop typical identification features after the shot with easy detectability and a high recovery rate.
- Non-toxic elements of the periodic table and their compounds as far as they are thermally stable, e.g. B. condensable from the reaction damage and are compatible with the components of the ammunition.
- the criteria that these key substances must also meet are easy, clear detectability and a high recovery rate. Examples include zircon, the rare earths, in particular lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, terbium, dysprosium, ytterbium or gadolinium and their compounds, for example their oxides.
- such substances can also be used as lead substances within the meaning of the present invention that are clearly identifiable under UV light or in any other way, as long as they meet the criteria mentioned above. Mixtures of these lead substances can also be used according to the invention.
- the addition of these lead substances should only serve to reliably examine shot traces of lead and barium-free ammunition and, for example, to be able to assign the ammunition used to a specific manufacturer, on the other hand, the properties of the ammunition must not be adversely affected by the lead substances measure the amount of the lead substances so that this goal is achieved. In general, a few mg amounts are therefore sufficient.
- the lead substances according to the invention can be components of, for example, the primer charge, the propellant charge powder, the tracer or tracer ignition. However, they can also be incorporated into covers or paints that, for. B. be applied to primers or covers.
- the addition of the guide elements according to the invention makes it possible to reliably examine shot traces of lead-free and barium-free ammunition and, for example, to assign the ammunition used to a specific manufacturer. Varying the particle size can also enable extended range and weapon identification.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19944335 | 1999-09-15 | ||
| DE19944335 | 1999-09-15 | ||
| PCT/EP2000/009046 WO2001019758A1 (de) | 1999-09-15 | 2000-09-15 | Munition |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1230198A1 true EP1230198A1 (de) | 2002-08-14 |
| EP1230198B1 EP1230198B1 (de) | 2007-11-21 |
Family
ID=7922192
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00969256A Expired - Lifetime EP1230198B1 (de) | 1999-09-15 | 2000-09-15 | Munition |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1230198B1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU7904200A (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10046150A1 (de) |
| DK (1) | DK1230198T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2001019758A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3106449A1 (de) | 2015-06-19 | 2016-12-21 | Fiocchi Munizioni S.p.A. | Verbesserte zündladungsmischung |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10350024A1 (de) * | 2003-10-27 | 2005-05-25 | Metallwerk Elisenhütte GmbH | Patrone mit nachweisrelevanter Dotierung |
| CZ2009350A3 (cs) * | 2009-05-29 | 2010-12-08 | Sellier & Bellot A. S. | Znacení povýstrelových zplodin |
| DE102012002687A1 (de) * | 2012-02-10 | 2013-08-14 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Granate mit einem Markierungsstoff |
| DE102020120318A1 (de) | 2020-07-31 | 2022-02-03 | Ruag Ammotec Ag | Identifizierbares Projektil und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3897284A (en) * | 1971-04-30 | 1975-07-29 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Tagging explosives with organic microparticles |
| US3835782A (en) * | 1972-09-22 | 1974-09-17 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Product and method |
| DE3301357C1 (de) * | 1983-01-18 | 1984-08-16 | Plast-Labor S.A., 1630 Bulle | Markierungsmittel,Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung zur Markierung von feindispersen Systemen |
| DE19540278A1 (de) * | 1995-10-28 | 1997-04-30 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Blei- und Barium-freie Anzündsätze |
| WO1999003800A1 (de) * | 1997-07-18 | 1999-01-28 | Dynamit Nobel Gmbh Explosivstoff-Und Systemtechnik | Geschoss-patrone |
-
2000
- 2000-09-15 WO PCT/EP2000/009046 patent/WO2001019758A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2000-09-15 DE DE10046150A patent/DE10046150A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2000-09-15 DE DE50014805T patent/DE50014805D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-15 DK DK00969256T patent/DK1230198T3/da active
- 2000-09-15 EP EP00969256A patent/EP1230198B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-15 AU AU79042/00A patent/AU7904200A/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0119758A1 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3106449A1 (de) | 2015-06-19 | 2016-12-21 | Fiocchi Munizioni S.p.A. | Verbesserte zündladungsmischung |
| US9764994B2 (en) | 2015-06-19 | 2017-09-19 | Fiocchi Munizioni S.P.A. | Priming mixture |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU7904200A (en) | 2001-04-17 |
| DE50014805D1 (de) | 2008-01-03 |
| DE10046150A1 (de) | 2001-03-22 |
| DK1230198T3 (da) | 2008-03-03 |
| EP1230198B1 (de) | 2007-11-21 |
| WO2001019758A1 (de) | 2001-03-22 |
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