EP1232596A2 - Procede d'adaptation du debit de donnees dans un dispositif de communication et dispositif de communication correspondant - Google Patents

Procede d'adaptation du debit de donnees dans un dispositif de communication et dispositif de communication correspondant

Info

Publication number
EP1232596A2
EP1232596A2 EP00989785A EP00989785A EP1232596A2 EP 1232596 A2 EP1232596 A2 EP 1232596A2 EP 00989785 A EP00989785 A EP 00989785A EP 00989785 A EP00989785 A EP 00989785A EP 1232596 A2 EP1232596 A2 EP 1232596A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
puncturing
bits
pattern
data block
punctured
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00989785A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andreas Lobinger
Jürgen MICHEL
Bernhard Raaf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE1999156748 external-priority patent/DE19956748A1/de
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1232596A2 publication Critical patent/EP1232596A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0067—Rate matching
    • H04L1/0068—Rate matching by puncturing
    • H04L1/0069—Puncturing patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0002—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0041—Arrangements at the transmitter end
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0059—Convolutional codes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/50—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wire-line communication networks, e.g. low power modes or reduced link rate

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 for adapting the data rate m of a communication device and a corresponding communication device according to the preamble of claim 35.
  • Telecom unication system ' for mobile devices of the third generation of mobile phones.
  • the data to be transmitted via a high-frequency channel are subjected to channel coding, with convolutional codes being used in particular for this purpose.
  • the channel coding encodes the data to be transmitted redundantly, which enables a more reliable recovery of the transmitted data on the receiver side.
  • the code used for channel coding is determined by its
  • Characterized code rate r k / n, where k denotes the number of data or message bits to be transmitted and n denotes the number of bits present after coding.
  • a problem associated with coding is that the data rate is reduced by a factor of r.
  • a rate adaptation ('rate matchmg') is carried out in the transmitter, with bits being either removed from the data stream or doubled in the data stream according to a specific pattern.
  • the Removing bits is called 'puncturing' and doubling is called 'repeating'.
  • bit error rate decreases at the edge of a correspondingly coded data block.
  • bit error rate within a data block can be changed locally by puncturing which is distributed unevenly.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method for adapting the data rate of a data stream m of a communication device and a corresponding communication device which leads to a satisfactory bit error rate and in particular m mobile radio systems with convolutional coding can be used.
  • the individual data blocks of the data stream are punctured to adapt the data rate in accordance with a specific puncturing pattern, the puncturing pattern being designed such that it has a puncturing rate which increases continuously from a central region of the individual data blocks to at least one end of the individual data blocks.
  • the puncturing pattern preferably has a puncturing rate which increases continuously from the central region to both ends of the respective data block hm.
  • the bits are punctured more strongly at the beginning and end of the data block to be punctured, whereby this is not done with a uniform puncturing rate, but with a puncturing rate that increases continuously towards the two ends of the respective data block, i.e. the distance between the punctured bits becomes shorter and shorter towards the two ends of the data block.
  • “continuously increasing puncturing rate” is also understood to mean that the distance between punctured bits averaged over a certain number of successive bits decreases monotonously.
  • the "specific number” can be defined, for example, by the quotient from the length of influence of the code and the code rate, since the range of coded bits that depend on a bit to be transmitted contains this "specific number" of bits. For example, for a code with influence length 9 and a code rate 1/3 for the "certain number” of bits, by means of which the averaged distance between punctured bits can be determined, the value is 27. With code rate 1/2, the "determined" Number "18. This puncturing leads to an evenly distributed error rate of the individual bits over the punctured data block and also results in a reduced overall probability of error.
  • the desired data rate i.e. a puncturing with a fixed puncturing pattern, the puncturing rate of which increases steadily towards the two ends of the respective data block, and a subsequent further puncturing or reptying operation, can very easily be carried out by means of two successive operations.
  • the desired number of bits to be transmitted per data block i.e. a puncturing with a fixed puncturing pattern, the puncturing rate of which increases steadily towards the two ends of the respective data block, and a subsequent further puncturing or reptying operation.
  • the present invention is particularly suitable for
  • Adaptation of the data rate of a convolutionally coded data stream and can therefore preferably be used in UMTS mobile radio systems, this relating both to the area of the mobile radio transmitter and also to that of the mobile radio receiver.
  • the invention is not limited to this area of application, but can generally be used wherever the data rate of a data stream has to be adapted.
  • FIG. 1 shows a simplified block diagram of a mobile radio transmitter according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a representation of different exemplary embodiments for em puncturing pattern, which of a unit shown in FIG. 1 can be used to adapt the data rate,
  • 3A shows a comparison of the results achievable with puncturing according to the invention or with conventional puncturing with regard to the bit error probability distributed over a punctured data block
  • 3B shows a comparison of the results achievable with puncturing according to the invention or with conventional puncturing with regard to the resulting overall error probability
  • FIG. 4 shows an illustration of various exemplary embodiments for a puncturing pattern which can be used by a unit shown in FIG. 1 for adapting the data rate.
  • FIG 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of the invention in which the edge puncturing is carried out after a first interleaver.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows the structure of a mobile radio transmitter 1 according to the invention, of which data or communication information, in particular
  • Voice information is transmitted to a receiver via a high-frequency transmission channel.
  • 1 shows, in particular, the components involved in the coding of this information or data.
  • the information supplied by a data source 2, for example a microphone is first converted into a bit sequence using a 3 m digital source encoder.
  • the speech-coded data are then coded with the aid of a channel encoder 4, the actual useful or message bits being coded redundantly, as a result of which
  • k denotes the number of data bits
  • n the number of bits coded in total, ie the number of redundant bits added corresponds to the expression n-k.
  • a code with the code rate r defined above is also referred to as an (n, k) code, the performance of the code increasing with decreasing code rate r. So-called block codes or convolutional codes are usually used for channel coding.
  • convolutional codes do not encode individual data blocks in succession, but that they are continuous processing, with each current code word of an input sequence to be coded also depending on the previous input sequences.
  • convolutional codes are also characterized by the so-called influence length or 'constramt length' K.
  • the 'Constramt Length' indicates the number of cycles of k new input bits of the convolutional encoder 5 em bit influences the code word output by the convolutional encoder 5.
  • the channel-coded information Before the channel-coded information is transmitted to ⁇ e receivers, it can be fed to an interleaver 5, which rearranges the bits to be transmitted in time according to a certain scheme and thereby spreads the time, so that the errors which generally occur in bundles are distributed in order to create a so-called memoryless Obtain transmission channel with a quasi-random error distribution.
  • the information or data coded in this way is fed to a modulator 7, the task of which is is to modulate the data onto a carrier signal and to transmit it to a receiver via a high-frequency transmission channel 3 in accordance with a predetermined multiple access method.
  • the coded data stream is divided into m data blocks, the convolutional encoder 4 being set to a known state at the start of a data block m.
  • each coded data block is terminated by so-called 'tail bits', so that the convolutional encoder 4 is again in a known state.
  • This construction of the convolutional code and of the convolutional encoder 4 ensures that the bits at the beginning and end of a coded data block are better protected against transmission errors than in the middle of the block.
  • the error probability of a bit differs depending on its location within the respective data block. This effect is used, for example, in voice transmission in GSM mobile radio systems by placing the most important bits at the two ends of the block where the probability of error is lowest. In data transmissions, however, data packets are generally already discarded if only one single transmitted bit is faulty, which is the case, for example, in
  • Receiver can be determined by a so-called 'Cyclic Redundancy Check' (CRC). It is therefore not possible to speak of important or less important bits in a data transmission, but all bits are to be regarded as equally important.
  • CRC 'Cyclic Redundancy Check'
  • a rate adjustment ('rate matchmg') is carried out in front of the modulator 7.
  • a rate adjustment ('rate matchmg') is carried out in front of the modulator 7.
  • Rate adjustment divided into two units 6a and 6b the unit 6a puncturing according to a certain Puncturing pattern is carried out in order to achieve a more uniform error distribution over a data block.
  • the optional unit 6b then optionally carries out further puncturing or repetition in order to finally obtain the desired data rate.
  • the sequence of the units 6a and 6b and the interleaver 5 shown in FIG. 1 are only to be understood as examples.
  • the interleaver can also be arranged after the unit 6b.
  • the interleaver 5 can also be replaced by two interleavers before and after the unit 6b, etc.
  • the present invention is based on the principle of puncturing the coded data blocks more strongly during the rate adaptation at the beginning and / or at the end of the respective data block, this occurring with a puncturing rate which decreases from the edge to the center of the respective data block, i.e. in a data block output by the unit 6a, the distance between successive puncturing is the smallest at the beginning and at the end of the respective data block and becomes ever larger towards the middle.
  • the puncturing pattern to be used by the unit 6a.
  • the puncturing of each data block is always carried out with the same pattern.
  • different puncturing patterns can also be used depending on the length of the data block to be punctured. This procedure is particularly advantageous for short data blocks, since in this case the specified puncturing pattern can be shortened in order to avoid overlapping or 'growing together' of the sections of the puncturing pattern provided for the beginning and end of the block, which would otherwise result in excessive puncturing of the central area of the data block could result.
  • n * (Kl) tail bits are inserted.
  • the puncturing pattern used by the rate adjustment unit 6 should therefore be designed in this case such that less than n * (Kl) bits are punctured together at the beginning and end of the data block to be punctured. This can be achieved by puncturing less than n * (Kl) / 2 bits at the beginning and at the end of the data block.
  • the individual puncturing patterns AC each in a pattern beginning section (to be applied to the beginning of a data block), a pattern middle section (to be applied to the central area of the data block) and a pattern section (to be applied to the end of the data block) )
  • Pattern end portion are divided and each digit em coded bit.
  • a bit to be transmitted is designated by a '1' and a bit to be removed or punctured by a '0' em from the respective data block.
  • the individual patterns can each be formed algorithmically and have in common that no bit is punctured by the pattern center section, since it only comprises '1' bits.
  • the pattern start and pattern end sections are each designed such that the puncturing rate increases continuously from the central section to the edge hm and the distances between the punctured bits become shorter and shorter.
  • the individual patterns A-C are each designed such that the pattern end section is mirror-symmetrical to that
  • Pattern start section is built. Alternatively, different patterns can also be used for the pattern start section and the pattern end section. It is also denkoar to puncture only on one side, ie either at the beginning or at the end of the respective data block. Puncturing only on one side offers advantages in particular in the case of a so-called "blind rate detection". It is not known a priori on the receiver side how many bits are transmitted exactly. Only a number of possible lengths are known, for example 40, 80 or 120 bits. For each of these options, the receiver directs a decoding em. To determine the actual length used, the data contains a checksum, on the basis of which a decision is made on the reception side about the length used.
  • a Viterbi algorithm or a similar algorithm can also be used to decode the convolutional codes.
  • Such a detection method can also be used for puncturing on both sides.
  • a so-called forward recursion over the length of the puncturing pattern is carried out several times for the area of the puncturing pattern at the end of the data. Since the forward recursion is the most computationally complex part of the Viterbi algorithm, no puncturing is carried out at the end of the data in an embodiment of the invention.
  • the pattern A - as seen from the two ends or edges of the data block to be punctured - has bits 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 18, 22 and 26 at both ends of the data block punctured.
  • bits 1, 3, 6, 9, 13, 17, 21 and 25 of the respective data block are punctured
  • bits 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 14 are punctured and 17 are dotted.
  • the puncturing pattern C1 is designed such that the pattern start and the pattern end have only zeros, whereas the puncturing pattern C2 is designed such that the pattern start and the pattern end each have 8 zeros. (_0 L r to ⁇ p- 1
  • the edge puncturing is not carried out immediately after the convolutional coder, but only integrated in the rate-matchmg.
  • the following example assumes that k bits should be punctured on both edges.
  • deltaN bits to be punctured are between 1 and 2k. It is advisable to puncture deltaN / 2 bits at the beginning and at the end of the block, if deltaN is odd, either round up at the beginning and round up at the end or vice versa. This avoids having to repeat 2k-deltaN bits after puncturing 2k bits at the ends in the following rate matching step. In this case, no further puncturing or repetition are necessary after the edge puncturing. If bits are repeated, the end puncturing is not carried out at all.
  • This variant divides the coded bits m into three areas em: start (length k in the example), middle and end (length k again).
  • the rate matchmg is then carried out as follows:
  • deltaN / 2 bits are punctured at the beginning and end, as in the exemplary embodiment described immediately above.
  • k bits are punctured at the beginning and end, the remaining puncturing is in the middle, i.e. performed in the range of N-2k bits.
  • deltaN bits have to be repeated, k bits are not processed at the beginning and end, they are neither punctured nor repeated, the entire repetition is in the middle, i.e. performed in the range of N-2k bits.
  • the edge bits are preferably punctured when punctured and not repeated when repeated, that is (except in the event that neither repetition nor puncturing is to be carried out) transmitted with less weight than the bits not on the edge.
  • This method can also be implemented efficiently in the case where the rate matchmg is carried out after a first interleaver.
  • This is the case, for example, in the UMTS system in the uplink, that is to say the transmission from the mobile station to the base station.
  • the coded radio frames are first divided into different radio frames after coding, the number of these frames is denoted by F. This is done by writing the bit m a matrix with F columns, optionally a subsequent column swap. The bits are then read out in columns. It is preferable to ensure, if necessary by padding, that the number of bits is divisible by F.
  • the puncturing can then, according to the same method as already described, also be carried out separately for each radio frame. In particular, in the event that between 0 and 2 * k / F bits are to be punctured per radio frame, only part of the maximum number per radio frame is punctured. if the
  • the maximum number of bits k to be punctured on each edge is not divisible by F, but 2k is divisible by F, a total of 2k / F bits are available for each radio frame for edge puncturing.
  • the puncturing can also be carried out here analogously to the above-mentioned methods, it should be noted that with some radio frames the Number of bits to be punctured at the beginning and end can be different. If an odd number of edge punctures is to be carried out in such cases, it is advisable to puncture one more bit at the end where more bits are available.
  • FIG. 3A shows, by way of example, the course of the bit error rate for the individual transmitted bits of a data block as a function of their position or location in the data block for conventional puncturing with a regular puncturing rate of 20% (curve a) and for puncturing according to the invention with the above pattern C, in which only eight bits are punctured at the beginning and end of the data block with a puncturing rate increasing in each case to the data block edge, m combination with a subsequent regular puncturing with a puncturing rate of 10% (curve b).
  • Curve b regular puncturing rate
  • FIG. 3B shows the course of the total error rate over the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the same cases. From Fig. 3B it can be seen that with the aid of the invention (curve b) a bit error rate which is improved by approximately 0.25 dB compared to the conventional procedure (curve a) can be achieved.
  • the present invention has previously been described using a cellular transmitter.
  • the invention can, however, also be extended to mobile radio receivers where, in order to adapt the data rate in the manner described above, punctured or repeated signal corresponding to the puncturing or respectively used.
  • Repetition patterns must be worked up.
  • additional bits m are added to the respective receiver for punctured or repeated bits on the transmission side, or the reception bit stream is combined, or two or more bits of the reception bit stream are combined.
  • additional bits are inserted, it is noted in the form of a so-called 'soft decision' information that their information content is very uncertain.
  • the processing of the received signal can be carried out in the reverse order of FIG. 1 for the respective receiver.
  • the patterns A to C explained above prove to be particularly advantageous in complex simulations, in particular in combination with rate 1/3 coders.
  • the patterns D to K which result from FIG. 4, turn out to be particularly advantageous in complex simulations.
  • the use of these patterns D through K can analogous to the use of patterns A to C and corresponding further developments explained above.
  • suitable puncturing patterns for rate 1/2 comprise fewer bits than puncturing patterns for rate 1/3.
  • the pattern D shows bits 3, 5, 8 and 9 from the front end of the data block to be punctured and bits no. 2 from the rear end of the data block to be punctured. 5, 6 and 8 dotted.
  • Patterns E punctuate bits 3, 5, 9 and 10 from the front end of the data block to be punctured.
  • Pattern F punctures bits 3, 5, 6 and 10 from the front end of the data block to be punctured.
  • the patterns G to I use the same at the front end
  • Pattern J punctures bits 1, 3, 5 and 8 at both ends of the data block, as seen from the two ends or edges of the data block to be punctured.
  • bits 2, 4, 8 and 11 of the respective data block are punctured from the two ends or edges of the data block to be punctured.
  • BER bit error rate
  • Another embodiment of the invention provides for an optimization of the Hammmg distance, or generally an optimization of the weight distribution, for very short blocks.
  • the weight distribution depends primarily on the polynomials used; with short codes, a code with good weight distribution can be generated by suitable puncturing patterns.
  • the data in the Uplmk can be distributed over 1, 2, 4 or 8 frames of length 10 ms. If the number of bits after coding is not divisible by 1, 2, 4 or 8, a corresponding number of dummy bits is inserted in embodiment variants which can be combined with the configurations explained above, in order to ensure an even distribution of the bits to allow the frames.
  • a further advantageous embodiment provides for the end puncturing pattern to be shortened accordingly instead of adding dummy bits. As a result, additional bits can be used for transmission and at the same time a number that can be divided by the number of frames generated by bits. In contrast to the dummy bits, the unpunctured bits carry information and thus contribute to improving the transmission.
  • the puncturing pattern is thus shortened in such a way that a number results as the length of the data block after the puncturing, which enables the subsequent data processing to be carried out efficiently.
  • Puncturing pattern is shortened in such a way that the length of the data block after puncturing can be divided by the number of frames over which the data block is distributed (mterleaved)

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Error Detection And Correction (AREA)
  • Detection And Prevention Of Errors In Transmission (AREA)
  • Communication Control (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne l'adaptation du débit de données d'un train de données dans un dispositif de communication (1), notamment dans un émetteur de téléphonie mobile, grâce à l'élimination de blocs de données individuels du train de données en fonction d'un schéma d'élimination donné. L'élimination en fonction du schéma d'élimination permet d'éliminer les bits provenant du bloc de données en question et le schéma d'élimination est tel qu'il présente un débit d'élimination augmentant constamment d'une partie médiane des blocs de données individuels à au moins une des extrémités des blocs de données individuels.
EP00989785A 1999-11-25 2000-11-22 Procede d'adaptation du debit de donnees dans un dispositif de communication et dispositif de communication correspondant Withdrawn EP1232596A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1999156748 DE19956748A1 (de) 1999-11-25 1999-11-25 Verfahren zur Anpassung der Datenrate in einer Kommunikationsvorrichtung und entsprechende Kommunikationsvorrichtung
DE19956748 1999-11-25
DE10008056 2000-02-22
DE10008056 2000-02-22
DE10015685 2000-03-29
DE10015685 2000-03-29
PCT/DE2000/004123 WO2001039421A2 (fr) 1999-11-25 2000-11-22 Procede d'adaptation du debit de donnees dans un dispositif de communication et dispositif de communication correspondant

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1232596A2 true EP1232596A2 (fr) 2002-08-21

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00989785A Withdrawn EP1232596A2 (fr) 1999-11-25 2000-11-22 Procede d'adaptation du debit de donnees dans un dispositif de communication et dispositif de communication correspondant

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US7346835B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1232596A2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1188978C (fr)
WO (1) WO2001039421A2 (fr)

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EP1091517A1 (fr) * 1999-10-07 2001-04-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Méthode et système de communication avec poinçonnage ou répétition des données
CN100347981C (zh) * 2002-04-08 2007-11-07 西门子公司 通信装置中匹配数据率的方法和通信装置
EP2254366B1 (fr) * 2008-03-12 2019-02-27 Panasonic Intellectual Property Corporation of America Dispositif de radiocommunication, système de radiocommunication et procédé de radiocommunication
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CN1188978C (zh) 2005-02-09
US7346835B1 (en) 2008-03-18
WO2001039421A3 (fr) 2001-12-27
CN1399829A (zh) 2003-02-26

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