EP1284324A2 - Anordnung und Verfahren zum Verbinden eines Bauelements und einer Kabelstruktur und Hängebrücke mit solchen Anordnungen - Google Patents

Anordnung und Verfahren zum Verbinden eines Bauelements und einer Kabelstruktur und Hängebrücke mit solchen Anordnungen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1284324A2
EP1284324A2 EP02026161A EP02026161A EP1284324A2 EP 1284324 A2 EP1284324 A2 EP 1284324A2 EP 02026161 A EP02026161 A EP 02026161A EP 02026161 A EP02026161 A EP 02026161A EP 1284324 A2 EP1284324 A2 EP 1284324A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cable
housing
wedging
wedging structure
building element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02026161A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1284324B1 (de
EP1284324A3 (de
Inventor
Jérôme Stubler
Michel Robert Crawford Mcclenahan
Patrick Ladret
Ivica Zivanovic
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Soletanche Freyssinet SA
Original Assignee
Freyssinet International STUP SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Freyssinet International STUP SA filed Critical Freyssinet International STUP SA
Priority to EP02026161A priority Critical patent/EP1284324B1/de
Publication of EP1284324A2 publication Critical patent/EP1284324A2/de
Publication of EP1284324A3 publication Critical patent/EP1284324A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1284324B1 publication Critical patent/EP1284324B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/16—Suspension cables; Cable clamps for suspension cables ; Pre- or post-stressed cables

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of the use of cables in construction works.
  • structural cable as used herein also covers a bundle or group of individual cables substantially parallel to each other others, each individual cable can itself be composed of one or several elementary strands.
  • the cable, or individual cables can be naked or individually sheathed, or consist of a mixture of these two types.
  • the cable may possibly be contained globally in a external protective sheath filled with an adherent material. In the case of a cable formed by a group of individual cables, these can be direct contact with each other, or be spaced from each other.
  • the invention can in particular be implemented in bridges suspended comprising one or more carrying cables to be immobilized in relation to certain elements (pylon tops %), and which must be attached certain other elements (hanger lines, integral portions apron ).
  • the invention can also be applied to the field of prestressing, the structural cable then consisting of a cable tensioned to exert prestressing efforts on a concrete or other structure, and to which certain elements of the structure can be fixed.
  • the interface that the cable presents to its environment is most often defined by generators essentially parallel to the longitudinal direction. Under these conditions, to prevent relative longitudinal movements between the cable and the element, we are led to exert a transverse tightening force on the cable in order to obtain friction sufficient at the interface.
  • clamps comprising two (or more) shells, urged towards each other at by means of bolts or the like.
  • the inside of the shells has a shape corresponding to the external interface of the cable possibly supplemented by filling inserts.
  • German patent 869 977 it was proposed to secure the fixing a hanger to the carrying cable of a suspension bridge by adding corner effect jaws at both ends of a necklace made up of several shells tightened against each other by bolts.
  • This security is very relative since the wedge effect is largely lost in the event of loss of tightening of the shell assembly bolts due to creep or fatigue.
  • the distribution of the clamping forces is poorly controlled in the event of tightening these bolts.
  • this device presents the problems size and weight usually posed by this type of necklaces.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method of attachment which distributes the forces transmitted to the structural cable well.
  • the invention thus provides a device for fixing between an element of construction and a structural cable comprising a rigid housing connected to the building element and surrounding the cable, a wedging structure comprising at least one deformable material, disposed between the cable and the housing, and force transmission means arranged to exert a force of longitudinal compression, parallel to the cable, on the structure of jamming.
  • the wedging structure is pressed against the cable and the housing under the action of the longitudinal compression force, so as to provide resistance to movement of the housing and the building element parallel to the cable.
  • the cable is gripped by the friction resulting from the pressure of orthogonal contact generated by the longitudinal compression of the structure contained between the rigid outer casing and the cable passing through it.
  • the means of force transmission make it possible to control the good holding the fixing and the precise positioning of the housing relative to the cable.
  • a minimum compression force may be applied before mounting final device, or during this assembly before loading.
  • the wedging structure must naturally have resistance sufficient for compression and shear. Its longitudinal displacement when applying compression results in uniform radial tightening of the cable.
  • This deformation is due to the intrinsically deformable nature of all or part of the wedging structure housed between the housing and the cable.
  • This structure can comprise an elastic material, a granular material, a fibrous material, or a mixture of such materials, and it can be made in one or more pieces. It has the property of expanding in the or the directions orthogonal to the compression direction (s), either by intrinsic elastic movement either by the movement of particles individual (fibrous and / or granular) relative to each other or compared to a binder.
  • the deformable structure has resistance to fairly high shear when compressed between the housing and the cable, in order to oppose the relative longitudinal movements thereof.
  • the housing serves as a support for the wedging structure and as a connection with the element to be fixed to the cable. It is preferably a single piece which completely surrounds a section of the cable, but it is not compulsory. Such a single piece is for example cylindrical with a circular base or polygonal. This case can be made of metal or any other material sufficiently rigid.
  • the means of force transmission may include one or more several members extending parallel to the cable, tensioned by clamping means for exerting the longitudinal compression force at ends of the wedging structure. These tension members (bolts, prestressing strands or any other suitable member) may pass to through, or around, the wedging structure the outside of the case.
  • the means of force transmission can still include a nut screwed into a thread integral with the housing and applied against one end of the wedging structure.
  • the force transmission means can also be arranged to transform a longitudinal component of the load on the cable by the building element in a longitudinal compression of the structure deformable.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show a fixing device installed around a cable 1, or group of cables.
  • the element to be fixed is attached, by means suitable not shown, to a cylindrical housing 2.
  • a deformable wedging structure 3 having, in the example shown, the shape of an elastomeric sleeve, is placed around the cable 1 inside the cylindrical housing 2.
  • Two support pieces 4, which can be form of rings, are respectively applied to the two ends of the deformable structure 3, penetrating inside the cylindrical housing 2.
  • a longitudinal compression force F is exerted on the deformable structure 3 through the two support pieces 4. In the example shown, the force F is applied to each of the two parts 4 at the two ends of the case 2.
  • the deformable structure 3 is housed between the cable and the housing 2 with some radial clearance. When it is stressed in compression by the force F, it expands radially so that it is pressed inwards against the cable 1 and outwards against the cylindrical housing 2. It thus provides a friction between the cable 1 and the housing 2 to which the element to be fixed is attached. Yes the axial compression force F is sufficient, and if the structure 3 has a appropriate shear strength, this friction enables the desired fixing, preventing relative longitudinal movements between the cable 1 and box 2.
  • the cable 1 is constituted by an assembly of strands juxtaposed 6.
  • Each strand 6 can itself be composed of several elementary sons.
  • the deformable structure 3 has a shape complementary to the volume located between the periphery of the cable and the inside of the case 2. This shape can be obtained by molding the deformable structure 3, or by deformation of an elastomeric sleeve of original cylindrical shape.
  • the strands 6 constituting the cable 1 do not are not juxtaposed, but spaced from each other.
  • the elastomeric material of the deformable structure 3 is also found in the intervals between the strands 6.
  • the cable 1 is constituted by a wire solid metal, of cylindrical section.
  • the deformable structure 3 can then simply have the shape of a cylindrical sleeve.
  • the cable 1 is constituted by a strand composed of seven twisted metallic wires 7, protected by a sheath in plastic material 8, with an adhesive material 9, for example an elastomer, between the wires 7 and the sheath 8.
  • an adhesive material 9 for example an elastomer
  • Such a strand is described in the patent application European 0 855 471.
  • the deformable cylindrical sleeve 3 then rests against the sheath 8 of the strand. The friction of this sleeve 3 on the housing 2 and the sheath 8 provides the desired fixation, together with the adhesion of the material 9 on the wires 7 and the sheath 8.
  • the housing 2 is a part monobloc of generally cylindrical shape.
  • the basis of this cylindrical shape is circular in the examples shown, but note that it could also be different, especially polygonal.
  • the fact that the case 2 is a single piece allows it to be relatively light in constitution for a fastening resistant to a given load, in particular lighter than if it were formed by assembling several shells, like necklaces conventional. In some configurations, the case could however be an assembly of several parts.
  • the housing 2a to which is attached the element to be fixed may surround the cable 1 only partially.
  • the cable 1 is surrounded over approximately 240 °, which allows the installation of the housing 2a without having to put it on beforehand on cable 1, which can facilitate mounting in certain cases.
  • Inwardly directed edges 2b are located at the ends of the perimeter the housing to maintain the deformable structure between the cable and The box.
  • Figure 6 also shows that the deformable structure 3 can consist of several elements 3a, 3b arranged around the cable 1.
  • Figures 7 and 8 show a possible embodiment of the means of transmitting longitudinal compression in the case of a cable having a structure of the type shown in FIG. 3.
  • the deformable structure 3 consists of a block of elastomeric material traversed by seven cylindrical channels 11 of diameter slightly greater than the diameter of the seven strands 6 constituting the cable, and by three other cylindrical channels 12 distributed symmetrically on the section of the case and intended to receive three threaded rods 13 of slightly smaller diameter.
  • the threaded rods 13 pass through corresponding holes provided in the support pieces 4.
  • the rods 13 protrude at both ends of the housing 1, where they receive nuts 14. Tightening these nuts tension the rods 13 so as to apply longitudinal compression to the deformable structure 3. Under the effect of this compression, the deformable structure 3 is supported on the inside of the case 2 and tightens the strands 6.
  • the threaded rods 13 could pass outside the deformable structure 3, through the wall of the housing 2 or outside thereof. These rods could still be replaced by other organs working in tension, such as prestressing strands anchored to their ends by conical keys.
  • the structure of deformable wedge includes several (three in the example shown) sections of deformable material 3c, 3d, 3e arranged successively along of the cable 1.
  • the end sections 3c, 3e are stressed in compression by the support pieces 4, while rigid inserts 15 are placed between the adjacent sections.
  • These inserts 15 extend radially between the cable and the housing. They can in particular be in the form of rings. Their role is to limit the creep of the deformable material of the wedging structure from the side of cable 1 where the transverse loads are applied to the side opposite. They provide support for cable 1 if such creep occurs, and a once this support is produced, the creep ceases since the deformable material is almost no longer used transversely.
  • the inserts 15 and the support pieces 4 have radial clearances relative to the cable 1, adjusted so that it follows a constant or substantially radius of curvature constant when resting on these inserts, to minimize bending undesirable.
  • the compression force longitudinal is applied to only one side of the housing 16.
  • the deformable structure 3 is retained by a portion integral with the housing 16, such as for example a flange 17 directed inward.
  • the support piece 18, in the form of a ring based on the deformable structure 3 has a flange 19 directed towards the outside and provided with holes receiving bolts 21 fixed to the housing. The tightening the nuts 22 on the bolts 21 then makes it possible to compress the structure 3 between the flange 17 and the support rings 18.
  • the fixing device shown in Figure 10 includes a adjustment member penetrating inside the housing 16 transversely to the cable direction.
  • This organ consists of a screw 23 which can be penetrated more or less deeply in the housing 16 to vary the volume available for the deformable structure 3, which makes it possible to vary the tightening provided.
  • the cable 1 consists, as indicated in reference to FIG. 5, in one or more strands protected by a sheath individual 8 made of plastic, for example high-density polyethylene density (HDPE), and the deformable structure 3 is made of elastomer, for example neoprene.
  • An intermediate rigid layer 24 is disposed between the deformable structure 3 and the sheath 8 of the cable, to take account of the coefficient poor friction between HDPE and neoprene.
  • This layer 24 can in particular be made of HDPE, the coefficient of friction HDPE / HDPE being better.
  • the intermediate layer 24 On its outer face, i.e. towards the structure deformable 3, the intermediate layer 24 has reliefs transverse to the cable direction, such as streaks 25, to increase friction.
  • FIG. 11 shows a variant of the embodiment according to FIG. 10, in which the intermediate rigid layer 26 ends, on the edge side internal 17 of the housing 16, by an external rim 26a. Edges 17 and 26a are in axial abutment against each other, and the deformable structure 3 is compressed longitudinally between the rim 26a and the support ring 18 which biases direction of said edges the end of the wedging structure opposite to that which is in abutment against the rim 26a. This ensures radial tightening between the housing 3 and the intermediate layer 26, the latter transmitting the tightening to cable 1.
  • the only interface working in friction is that between layer 26 and cable 1, which eliminates any problem of slip which could occur on the surface of the deformable material.
  • Figures 12 and 13 show embodiments in which the effort of longitudinal compression applied to the deformable structure results from a transformation of the longitudinal component of the load C exerted on the cable by the element to be fixed.
  • the cable 1 is in the inclined position, and the load C is directed vertically.
  • an annular stop 27 is fixed on the cable 1, by exerting a moderate tightening on the latter.
  • the lower end of the deformable structure 3 is supported on this stop 27, and its upper end on an inner rim 28 integral with the housing 29.
  • the load C transmitted to the housing 29 by the element to be fixed has a longitudinal component C L directed from the upper end to the lower end of the deformable structure. This component C L urges the flange 28 towards the deformable structure 3, which is compressed between the stop 27 and the flange 28. It should be noted that the slip resistance offered by the device is greater than that provided for the single stop 27 attached to the cable.
  • the element to be fixed 31 is attached to a lever 32 articulated at its opposite end on a support 33 secured to the housing 34, the hinge axis A being horizontal and perpendicular to the cable 1.
  • a intermediate zone of the lever 32 is applied against a support piece 35 penetrating into the housing 34 where it exerts the longitudinal compression force at one end of the deformable structure, the opposite end of which abuts against a flange 36 integral with the housing 34 , as shown by the tearing off of the case in the figure.
  • This arrangement transmits the longitudinal component C L of the load to the deformable structure 3, with an amplification depending on the dimensions of the lever 32.
  • the housing 50 of form generally cylindrical, is crossed by an axial frustoconical orifice 51.
  • a rib 52 is welded to the outside of the cylindrical housing 50 to receive a yoke fixed at the end top of the hanger.
  • the cylindrical housing 50 further comprises two internal threads 53, 54 on either side of the frustoconical orifice 51.
  • the thread 53 is formed at the periphery of a cylindrical recess 55 formed above the orifice frustoconical 51 (to the left of Figure 13).
  • This orifice 55 receives the end lower of a sheath element 56, provided with a radial shoulder 57.
  • a nut 58 externally threaded bears against the shoulder 57 and cooperates with the thread 53 to connect the sheath element 56 to the housing 50.
  • the thread 54 is formed at the periphery of another recess cylindrical 60 formed below the frustoconical orifice 51.
  • This thread 54 receives a complementary external thread 61 formed at one end upper of another section of sheath 62 in order to connect this section of sheath 62 in case 50.
  • the sheath sections 56, 62 extend between two consecutive collars on the carrying cable.
  • the sheath sections 62 connected on the sides lower housings 50 have a diameter slightly greater than that of sheath sections 56 connected on the upper sides of the housings.
  • These two sheath sections 56, 62 overlap over a certain length in the interval between two collars. This telescopic overlap allows shorten the sheath between the collars to facilitate mounting, and allow differential expansions between materials.
  • the frustoconical orifice 51 of the housing 50 receives a frustoconical jaw complementary 64 which performs the wedging between the cable and the housing.
  • the jaw 64 can be made up of several sectors separate angles, for example three in number.
  • the jaw 64 is stressed by a nut 65 provided with a thread exterior cooperating with thread 54.
  • the nut 65 is screwed into the recess 60 in order to push the jaw 64 towards the end upper of smaller diameter of the frustoconical orifice 51.
  • the jaw 64 is thus finds it compressed longitudinally between its frustoconical interface with the housing 50 and its rear end urged by the nut 65.
  • the fixing device according to FIG. 14 is always in safety condition, due to self-wedging operation including in cases where there may be a slight upward movement of the hanger.
  • the assembly is also self-wedging in case of overload accidental on the hanger.
  • the force transmission nut 65 is tightened by means of a tool suitable, such as a hook wrench, to a predefined torque to ensure sufficient tightening between cable 1 and housing 50.
  • the tightening efficiency can be increased by filling gaps between strands with inserts curvilinear plastic (see EP-A-0 789 110).
  • inserts curvilinear plastic see EP-A-0 789 110.
  • the frustoconical jaw 64 can be produced plastic, for example HDPE or polyamide, and the volume it occupies is confined.
  • nut 65 has a configuration suitable also for preventing the creep of the jaw material.
  • FIG 15 schematically illustrates a suspension bridge having one or more several carrying cables 1 equipped with fixing devices according to the invention.
  • the carrying cable 1 is anchored at both ends of the bridge, and it passes over pylons 40.
  • Lines 41 are hung on the carrying cable for support the deck 42 of the bridge.
  • the lines 41 are fixed to the carrying cable at their upper ends which are attached to housings 43 forming part fixing devices of the type described above. These devices prevent the vertical lines 41 from sliding along the cable under the effect of the component parallel to the cable of the load exerted vertically by the deck 42.
  • the building element connected to the housing 43 can be directly a portion secured to the deck.
  • the carrying cable 1 is deflected at the top of the pylons 40, where the tensile force may be asymmetrical. We can therefore be led to block the cable to prevent it from sliding relative to the pylons. For that, we install at the top of the pylons 40 of the boxes 44 which surround the cable 1 to block this with respect to the pylons as previously described.

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  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Installation Of Indoor Wiring (AREA)
  • Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)
  • Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Suspension Of Electric Lines Or Cables (AREA)
  • Flexible Shafts (AREA)
  • Multi-Conductor Connections (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
  • Supports For Pipes And Cables (AREA)
EP02026161A 1998-12-24 1999-12-20 Anordnung und Verfahren zum Verbinden eines Bauelements und einer Kabelstruktur und Hängebrücke mit solchen Anordnungen Expired - Lifetime EP1284324B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02026161A EP1284324B1 (de) 1998-12-24 1999-12-20 Anordnung und Verfahren zum Verbinden eines Bauelements und einer Kabelstruktur und Hängebrücke mit solchen Anordnungen

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9816448 1998-12-24
FR9816448 1998-12-24
EP99401563 1999-06-23
EP99401563A EP1013830A1 (de) 1998-12-24 1999-06-23 Anordnung und Verfahren zum Verbinden eines Bauelements und einer Kabelstruktur und Hängebrücke mit solchen Anordnungen
EP02026161A EP1284324B1 (de) 1998-12-24 1999-12-20 Anordnung und Verfahren zum Verbinden eines Bauelements und einer Kabelstruktur und Hängebrücke mit solchen Anordnungen
EP99961108A EP1144760B1 (de) 1998-12-24 1999-12-20 Anordnung und verfahren zum verbinden eines bauelements und einer kabelstruktur

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99961108A Division EP1144760B1 (de) 1998-12-24 1999-12-20 Anordnung und verfahren zum verbinden eines bauelements und einer kabelstruktur

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1284324A2 true EP1284324A2 (de) 2003-02-19
EP1284324A3 EP1284324A3 (de) 2003-02-26
EP1284324B1 EP1284324B1 (de) 2009-03-18

Family

ID=9534512

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99401563A Withdrawn EP1013830A1 (de) 1998-12-24 1999-06-23 Anordnung und Verfahren zum Verbinden eines Bauelements und einer Kabelstruktur und Hängebrücke mit solchen Anordnungen
EP99961108A Expired - Lifetime EP1144760B1 (de) 1998-12-24 1999-12-20 Anordnung und verfahren zum verbinden eines bauelements und einer kabelstruktur
EP02026161A Expired - Lifetime EP1284324B1 (de) 1998-12-24 1999-12-20 Anordnung und Verfahren zum Verbinden eines Bauelements und einer Kabelstruktur und Hängebrücke mit solchen Anordnungen

Family Applications Before (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99401563A Withdrawn EP1013830A1 (de) 1998-12-24 1999-06-23 Anordnung und Verfahren zum Verbinden eines Bauelements und einer Kabelstruktur und Hängebrücke mit solchen Anordnungen
EP99961108A Expired - Lifetime EP1144760B1 (de) 1998-12-24 1999-12-20 Anordnung und verfahren zum verbinden eines bauelements und einer kabelstruktur

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (2) US6523207B1 (de)
EP (3) EP1013830A1 (de)
JP (1) JP3730513B2 (de)
KR (1) KR100519495B1 (de)
AT (2) ATE426064T1 (de)
AU (1) AU1783500A (de)
BR (1) BR9916832A (de)
CA (1) CA2356819C (de)
DE (2) DE69940615D1 (de)
DK (2) DK1284324T3 (de)
ES (2) ES2194539T3 (de)
PT (2) PT1284324E (de)
WO (1) WO2000039401A1 (de)

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FR2973818B1 (fr) * 2011-04-07 2017-06-02 Soletanche Freyssinet Procede et dispositif de protection de l'extremite d'un cable ancre
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KR20010086155A (ko) 2001-09-08
DE69906145T2 (de) 2004-02-05
EP1284324B1 (de) 2009-03-18
US6523207B1 (en) 2003-02-25
DK1144760T3 (da) 2003-07-21
ATE234968T1 (de) 2003-04-15
US20030086755A1 (en) 2003-05-08
PT1144760E (pt) 2003-08-29
US6715176B2 (en) 2004-04-06
WO2000039401A1 (fr) 2000-07-06
EP1144760B1 (de) 2003-03-19
JP3730513B2 (ja) 2006-01-05
AU1783500A (en) 2000-07-31
PT1284324E (pt) 2009-07-14
CA2356819C (fr) 2006-12-19
KR100519495B1 (ko) 2005-10-07
EP1013830A1 (de) 2000-06-28
ES2194539T3 (es) 2003-11-16
DE69940615D1 (de) 2009-04-30
DE69906145D1 (de) 2003-04-24
DK1284324T3 (da) 2009-07-20
ES2324397T3 (es) 2009-08-06
JP2002533595A (ja) 2002-10-08
BR9916832A (pt) 2001-09-25
EP1144760A1 (de) 2001-10-17
ATE426064T1 (de) 2009-04-15
EP1284324A3 (de) 2003-02-26
CA2356819A1 (fr) 2000-07-06

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