EP1342032B1 - Verfahren zur vernichtung und/oder inertisierung von abfällen - Google Patents

Verfahren zur vernichtung und/oder inertisierung von abfällen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1342032B1
EP1342032B1 EP01270196A EP01270196A EP1342032B1 EP 1342032 B1 EP1342032 B1 EP 1342032B1 EP 01270196 A EP01270196 A EP 01270196A EP 01270196 A EP01270196 A EP 01270196A EP 1342032 B1 EP1342032 B1 EP 1342032B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waste
reactor
phase
glass
order
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01270196A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1342032A1 (de
Inventor
Pierre Jeanvoine
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
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Publication of EP1342032A1 publication Critical patent/EP1342032A1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/14—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of contaminated soil, e.g. by oil
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/20—Combustion to temperatures melting waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G2205/12—Waste feed arrangements using conveyors
    • F23G2205/121—Screw conveyor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G2205/12—Waste feed arrangements using conveyors
    • F23G2205/122—Belt conveyor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for treating waste, in particular industrial, agro-food and biological waste, in order to destroy them or at least to render them inert and harmless to the environment.
  • vitrification technique It is also known to vitrify the waste for example WO96 / 11359, that is to say to introduce them into a composition vitrifiable materials brought to their melting temperature. Although the vitrification technique appears to be very reliable, it is rather greedy in consumption of vitrifiable raw materials and in energy consumption.
  • the object of the invention is then to overcome these various disadvantages, by proposing a waste treatment process that is both high reliability and economically viable.
  • the invention firstly relates to a process for destroying and / or inerting waste, in particular industrial, biological or agro-food waste, such as is used to implement a reactor equipped with heating comprising at least one submerged burner.
  • a reactor equipped with heating comprising at least one submerged burner.
  • the waste to be treated is introduced in this phase, so that any organic components are decomposed by combustion and / or their possible mineral components are melted or coated in this phase.
  • the reactor is withdrawn from said phase loaded molten / coated waste and / or combustion products of said waste ash.
  • submerged burners is understood to mean burners configured so that the "flames” they generate or the combustion gases produced by these flames develop in the reactor where the combustion process takes place. conversion, within the mass of materials being processed. Generally, they are arranged so as to flush or protrude slightly from the side walls or the hearth of the reactor used (we are talking here about flames, even if it is not strictly speaking the same "flames" as those produced by overhead burners for simplicity).
  • the term "materials at least partly vitrifiable” includes all the conventional raw materials used to produce glass, silicates such as sodium silicate and / or calcium silicate, but also phosphates of sodium. alkali and / or alkaline earth metal, alkali and / or alkaline earth aluminates or any combination of at least two of these compounds. It may be, in particular, any material which by heat treatment leads to a material at least partly glassy, which can be partially or totally ceramized.
  • inerting is understood to mean the operation of rendering the waste inert. It may be either to destroy them entirely by combustion, or to keep them in an intact form or more or less degraded, but inert / harmless. It is then, in fact, to neutralize them in the broad sense (not in the restrictive sense of a chemical reaction).
  • a subsidiary advantage of this type of heating means is that it is possible to introduce the raw materials to melt directly within this liquid / foamy phase, which avoids the formation of dust from the fines of the raw materials, and the dispersion of these in the fumes emitted by the oven.
  • the waste to be treated may be inorganic, organic, or combine mineral components and organic components.
  • the composition of the waste can be optimized, in particular by associating waste of different natures, in order to reduce the cost of the raw materials and / or the energy cost of the process.
  • mineral wastes containing materials capable of melting at more than 800 ° C, such as foundry sands, polluted cullet can be introduced into the reactor both to trap / destroy their pollutant components and to provide a portion of the vitrifiable material required for the process.
  • organic waste or partly organic, they can be used as fuel for the burner (s) immersed (s): because of the convective mixing mentioned above, they are renewed continuously near the submerged burners until complete combustion. This reduces or even completely stops the fuel gas supply of the burners, with a substantial energy gain. The degradation of the organic molecules can thus be complete, until decomposition into carbon dioxide and water. The combustion ashes are trapped in the liquid / foamy phase.
  • This at least partly organic waste can therefore provide part, or most or most or all the fuel required for the burner (s) immersed (s). It is therefore possible to use directly in the reactor the combustible power of the waste, whatever the level of it.
  • a great innovation in the invention is to be able to adjust the operation of the heating means used, the submerged burners, depending on the type and quantity of waste to be destroyed / inerter, (the invention however includes variants where the means of heating combine submerged burners and more conventional means, such as overhead burners).
  • the means of heating combine submerged burners and more conventional means, such as overhead burners.
  • the process according to the invention can be carried out discontinuously, but it preferably operates continuously.
  • the waste and vitrifiable materials can be introduced continuously into the reactor, in particular by adjusting their respective contents in order to obtain a complete immersion of the waste and of their possible decomposition products in the liquid / foamy phase of the reactor. This control of the quantities introduced can be done automatically.
  • waste and / or vitrifiable materials are introduced under the level of the liquid / foamy phase of the reactor, in order to avoid or to limit as much as possible the flights of waste / fines.
  • the gaseous effluents optionally containing particles that are emitted into the reactor are evacuated, channeled in order to subject them, if necessary, all the appropriate filtration / depollution treatments.
  • These fumes can then be directed to heat recovery units in order to be thermally exhausted or countercurrent to one of the reactor feed streams, the heat thus returned can for example be used to preheat waste and / or materials. vitrifiable.
  • waste and / or vitrifiable materials that are in solid form can be crushed / crushed before being introduced into the reactor, in particular in order to reduce them to suitably sized aggregates.
  • the completion of the process consists in withdrawing from the reactor the phase charged with waste / waste decomposition products, which, once solidified, can be converted into granules.
  • vitrification in particular to constitute cullet or silicate (sodium or calcium silicate in particular), to make flat glass (glazing), hollow glass (bottle, flasks), mineral wool of insulation (glass wool, rockwool), or textile fiberglass, reinforcement.
  • cullet or silicate sodium or calcium silicate in particular
  • vitrifiat therefore depends closely on its composition. The important thing is that it complies with the standards in force.
  • the lower quality vitrifiats / aggregates can also be used as reinforcement fillers, for example for road surfaces.
  • a melter is made whose walls are made of refractory materials such as traditional glass furnaces or metal walls cooled with water. It defines a volume of substantially several m 3 . Its sole is equipped with several submerged burners, regularly placed on the floor, and which penetrate into the reactor on a reduced height. Each burner is likely to be supplied with air or oxygen on the one hand, and with fuel gas (of the natural gas or oil or other fuel gas type), by two feed circuits.
  • an inert gas of the nitrogen type can be injected into the burner.
  • the operation of the burners is described in more detail in the patent WO 9937591.
  • the reactor is fed with two auger feeders, one for vitrifiable materials, the other for waste.
  • the process is started by first supplying only vitrifiable materials (sands), which are melted to at least 1000 ° C thanks to the heat input supplied by burners fed both with oxidizer and with combustible. A bath of semi-liquid, semi-foamy melt materials was then formed over a given height, agitated by strong convective movements. The process can then be operated continuously: the reactor is fed continuously with waste and vitrifiable materials. Their relative amounts are adjusted according to the nature of the waste to be treated. Organic waste is completely burned. The mineral waste is melted or embedded in the bath.
  • the quantity and the nature of the mineral substances introduced into the reactor must be adjusted in order to ensure that the melt bath has a viscosity that is compatible with the operation of the burners immersed at the temperature in question, but also for ensure the best possible recovery of the silicate that will be produced.
  • the gas feed of the submerged burners is reduced or even halted (it is also possible to introduce solid or liquid organic fuel into the reactor in addition to ).
  • the fuel / gaseous oxidizer flow of the burners is regulated continuously, as a function of the waste introduced into the reactor.
  • the fumes are removed in the upper part of the reactor and can be reprocessed (for example in order to recover a particularly volatile mineral element contained in a waste).
  • the glass / silicate charged with mineral waste and / or ash from the combustion of organic waste is continuously discharged in the lower part of the reactor through a taphole.
  • the residence time of the waste in the reactor is short. Although small in size, this type of reactor can quickly handle large quantities of waste.
  • the process of the invention even with very compact reactors, can destroy or inerter waste efficiently with excellent performance, a reasonable energy cost and the ability to value the products obtained after treatment. It is therefore very competitive, thanks to a new application of submerged burner technology.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Verfahren zum Zerstören und/oder Unschädlichmachen von Abfällen, insbesondere industriellen, biologischen und solchen aus der Ernährungswirtschaft, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Reaktor verwendet wird, der mit Beheizungsmitteln versehen ist, die mindestens einen Tauchbrenner umfassen, dass dem Reaktor Materialien zugeführt werden, die wenigstens teilweise vitrifizierbar sind und von den Beheizungsmitteln erhitzt werden, um in dem Reaktor eine Phase zu bilden und aufrechtzuerhalten, die über eine gegebene Höhe bei mindestens 800 °C ein teilweise flüssiges und teilweise schaumförmiges Bad bildet, dass diese Abfälle in diese Phase geschickt werden, damit dort ihre organischen Komponenten durch Verbrennung zersetzt werden und/oder ihre anorganischen Komponenten in dieser Phase geschmolzen oder umhüllt werden, und dass aus dem Reaktor diese Phase, die mit geschmolzenen/umhüllten Abfällen und/oder Produkten der Verbrennung dieser Abfälle beladen ist, abgezogen wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abfälle wenigstens eine der folgenden Verbindungen umfassen: Verbrennungsrückstände von Haushaltabfällen REFIOM, Verbrennungsrückstände industrieller Abfälle vom Typ REFIDI, Emails, Staub von Elektrofiltern und aus der Entschwefelung, verschmutztes Bruchglas, metallurgische Schlämme, Filterpressenkuchen, Oxide und Hydroxide, die aus der chemischen Industrie stammen, Gie-ßereisande, Schlacken, Kesselasche, mit Kohlenwasserstoffen verschmutzter Sand, Hochofenschlacken, Abfälle der Holz- oder Papierindustrie, Tiermehl, Abfälle auf der Basis von gegebenenfalls halogenierten organischen Polymeren und Glas/Kunststoff oder Glas/Metall-Verbundmaterialien.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abfälle organische Komponenten enthalten, die wenigstens teilweise den für den/die Tauchbrenner benötigten Brennstoff, insbesondere den größten Teil oder das Wesentliche dieses Brennstoffs, liefern.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abfälle vitrifizierbare anorganische Komponenten enthalten, die wenigstens teilweise die vitrifizierbaren Materialien liefern, die dafür erforderlich sind, die Flüssigphase bei mindestens 800 °C in dem Reaktor zu bilden.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass verschiedene Abfallarten, die unterschiedliche Toxizitätsgrade und/oder Gehalte an organischen Komponenten und/oder Heizwerte haben, vereinigt werden.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Betrieb des/der Tauchbrenner/s in Abhängigkeit von Art und Menge der zugeführten Abfälle eingestellt wird.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Durchsatz von gasförmigem Brennstoff und/oder Verbrennungsmittel, mit welchem/welchen der/die Tauchbrenner versorgt wird/werden, in Abhängigkeit von wenigstens dem Gehalt an organischen Verbindungen der Abfälle geregelt wird/werden.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es kontinuierlich mit kontinuierlicher Zufuhr der Abfälle und der vitrifizierbaren Stoffe in den Reaktor durchgeführt wird, insbesondere, indem ihre jeweiligen Anteile eingestellt werden, um ein vollständiges Eintauchen der Abfälle und ihrer möglichen Zersetzungsprodukte in die flüssige/schaumförmige Phase zu erreichen.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abfälle und/oder vitrifizierbaren Stoffe unterhalb der Oberfläche der flüssigen/schaumförmigen Phase insbesondere mittels eines mit einem Förderband oder einer Förderschnecke arbeitenden Beschickungsgeräts zugeführt werden.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abprodukte in Form von Gasen und/oder Teilchen, die von dem Reaktor ausgestoßen werden, abgesaugt, abgeleitet und anschließend erforderlichenfalls behandelt/filtriert werden.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass aus dem Reaktor die mit Abfällen/Zersetzungsprodukten von Abfällen beladene Phase abgezogen wird, um sie zu Granulaten zu verarbeiten.
  12. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine vorhergehende Stufe des Zermahlens oder Zerkleinerns der in fester Form vorliegenden Abfälle umfasst.
  13. Anwendung des Verfahrens nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche zur Herstellung eines verwertbaren verglasten Materials, insbesondere, um Bruchglas oder ein Silicat für die Erzeugung von Flachglas, Hohlglas, Mineralwolle und textilen Glasfäden oder verstärkende Füllungen zu bilden.
  14. Anwendung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12 zum Vitrifizieren von Abfällen, die verschiedene Toxizitätsgrade aufweisen, damit sie nach dem Vitrifizieren den geltenden Vorschriften entsprechen.
EP01270196A 2000-12-15 2001-12-12 Verfahren zur vernichtung und/oder inertisierung von abfällen Expired - Lifetime EP1342032B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0016403 2000-12-15
FR0016403A FR2818358B1 (fr) 2000-12-15 2000-12-15 Procede de destruction et/ou d'inertage de dechets
PCT/FR2001/003958 WO2002048612A1 (fr) 2000-12-15 2001-12-12 Procede de destruction et/ou d'inertage de dechets

Publications (2)

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EP1342032A1 EP1342032A1 (de) 2003-09-10
EP1342032B1 true EP1342032B1 (de) 2006-06-14

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Country Status (9)

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US (1) US6857999B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1342032B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE330178T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2002219291A1 (de)
DE (1) DE60120750T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2265390T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2818358B1 (de)
PT (1) PT1342032E (de)
WO (1) WO2002048612A1 (de)

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JP3038185B2 (ja) * 1998-04-16 2000-05-08 イノエンバイロテクノ株式会社 廃棄物の焼却装置

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FR2818358B1 (fr) 2006-03-10
AU2002219291A1 (en) 2002-06-24
DE60120750T2 (de) 2007-06-14
ATE330178T1 (de) 2006-07-15
US20040049094A1 (en) 2004-03-11
DE60120750D1 (de) 2006-07-27
PT1342032E (pt) 2006-11-30
WO2002048612A1 (fr) 2002-06-20
EP1342032A1 (de) 2003-09-10
FR2818358A1 (fr) 2002-06-21
US6857999B2 (en) 2005-02-22
ES2265390T3 (es) 2007-02-16

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