EP1346079A2 - Dispositif de transmission de signaux optiques a l'aide de guides d'ondes plans - Google Patents

Dispositif de transmission de signaux optiques a l'aide de guides d'ondes plans

Info

Publication number
EP1346079A2
EP1346079A2 EP01990280A EP01990280A EP1346079A2 EP 1346079 A2 EP1346079 A2 EP 1346079A2 EP 01990280 A EP01990280 A EP 01990280A EP 01990280 A EP01990280 A EP 01990280A EP 1346079 A2 EP1346079 A2 EP 1346079A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
core
coupling
guiding
receiver
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01990280A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Harry Schilling
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schleifring und Apparatebau GmbH
Original Assignee
Schleifring und Apparatebau GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10106297A external-priority patent/DE10106297A1/de
Application filed by Schleifring und Apparatebau GmbH filed Critical Schleifring und Apparatebau GmbH
Publication of EP1346079A2 publication Critical patent/EP1346079A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/34—Optical coupling means utilising prism or grating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4202—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details for coupling an active element with fibres without intermediate optical elements, e.g. fibres with plane ends, fibres with shaped ends, bundles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02—Details
    • H05K1/0274—Optical details, e.g. printed circuits comprising integral optical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B2006/12083—Constructional arrangements
    • G02B2006/12107—Grating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
    • G02B6/2817—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using reflective elements to split or combine optical signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
    • G02B6/2852—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using tapping light guides arranged sidewardly, e.g. in a non-parallel relationship with respect to the bus light guides (light extraction or launching through cladding, with or without surface discontinuities, bent structures)
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
    • G02B6/4206—Optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
    • G02B6/4214—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms the intermediate optical element having redirecting reflective means, e.g. mirrors, prisms for deflecting the radiation from horizontal to down- or upward direction toward a device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/43—Arrangements comprising a plurality of opto-electronic elements and associated optical interconnections

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device or a method for optical signal transmission.
  • the 'or Coupling ⁇ of ... light at different points on a preferably planar optical waveguide. ⁇
  • optical fibers in a different configuration are often used for the transmission of optical signals over short distances.
  • flat or planar optical fibers are known for connecting assemblies.
  • Optical fibers of this type are also used in hybrid assemblies together with electrical conductor structures. This is particularly advantageous because one -. • are supplied to the hand required for the operation of the active electronic components of the electrical signals and on the other hand a reliable 'interference and wideband communication by optical means is possible via the Licntwellenleiter.,
  • Reference waveguide This term does not exclusively refer to complete planar structures, but rather means only the areas of the structures provided for light guidance. So this is also includes a system of several planar light guides, which are made from one piece and have impressions for decoupling between the different light paths. Here, only the light-guiding area, but no longer the entire structure, is planar. Furthermore, reference is made to the German utility model DE 200 21 834.4. The contents of this utility model should also form part of this patent application.
  • planar light guides to which the invention relates, comprise at least one light-guiding core which has at least two parallel interfaces. These interfaces in turn have coatings which lead to a reflection of the light guided in the light-conducting core.
  • the invention does not relate to light guides without coatings of the core, whereby this is surrounded, for example, by air, since these cannot be used reliably, particularly in tightly packed or highly integrated assemblies. It must always be ensured that there is a sufficient distance from the light-guiding core to the surroundings. Furthermore, the light-guiding core is very sensitive to dirt and mechanical damage.
  • the arrangement of the parallel interfaces makes the arrangement largely independent of external influences. However, it is also much more difficult to couple light into or out of such arrangements.
  • German utility model DE 90 07 809 describes a precision measuring device with a planar light wave head described. However, this is based on a principle of direct light conduction without reflections.
  • the optical waveguide is used here to transport the light from a laser interferometer to an optical detector. So that path length changes in the order of magnitude of the light wavelength can be determined with a laser interferometer, the optical path in the entire system must be constant at least in the order of magnitude of a light wavelength or even fractions thereof.
  • the optical waveguide described here is therefore designed for indirect propagation of the light coupled into the optical waveguide through a grating to the receiver.
  • the invention relates to optical fibers, in which multiple reflections at interfaces of the light-conducting core are possible. This results in a high degree of independence from the optical angles of the coupling or decoupling elements with respect to the core, and a higher degree of efficiency, since light can also be transmitted at different angles.
  • the coupling or decoupling of the light is preferably carried out on the end faces of the light-conducting core.
  • optical components such as LEDs, laser diodes or photodiodes.
  • coupling into the light guide is not possible at the end faces.
  • complex solutions are necessary here, which use, for example, optical or micro-optical components such as microlenses, mirrors or prisms.
  • a device for transmitting optical signals which has at least one light guide, at least one source for emitting light, at least one receiver for receiving light and at least one means for coupling the source and receiver to the light guide, is designed such that the or the means for coupling comprise gratings for deflecting the light by diffraction.
  • the light guide consists of at least one light-guiding core which has at least two parallel interfaces which are provided with coatings.
  • the core can have any structure which is, for example, homogeneous, has a step index profile or has a gradient index profile. The light is guided by reflections of the light guided in the light-guiding core at the interfaces or the coatings.
  • the core itself is preferably designed as a solid, light-guiding body such as glass or plexiglass. However, it can also consist of a liquid or a gaseous medium.
  • source and receiver used in this document refer generally to light sources or light sinks. In the case of sources, for example, these can be different transmitters in the form of LEDs, laser diodes or even incandescent lamps. Likewise, there are no restrictions with regard to the receivers, so that these can be, for example, photodiodes or human Can be eye.
  • Any means for transporting light or for guiding or shaping light beams such as, for example, light-conducting fibers which transport light from a remote light source to the device according to the invention, can also be regarded as a light source in relation to the device according to the invention. It is essential for the invention that light is fed in from outside (source) and light can be emitted again outside (receiver).
  • At least one grid is present on the outside of a coating.
  • a grating on the outside of a coating, only a coupling of light into the light-guiding core is possible.
  • such an element can be used in conjunction with other elements according to the invention for coupling out elements suitable for light.
  • At least one grating is provided at an interface of the light-guiding core.
  • Such an arrangement at an interface of the light-guiding core enables not only the coupling of light into the light-guiding core but also the coupling out of light. In combination with such configurations, a complete transmission of light between a source and a receiver is possible.
  • An arrangement of a grating on an interface of the light-conducting core has the opposite of the arrangement of a grating on the outside of a coating
  • this embodiment has a lower transmission loss than an arrangement of a grating on the outside of a coating.
  • light incident vertically from the outside is already deflected by the grating on the outside of the coating into an oblique angle that can be guided in the core. It runs through the coating at a relatively flat angle and thus over a relatively long distance.
  • the coating usually has a significantly higher damping compared to the core. If the light passes vertically through the coating and is only deflected on the surface of the core, it travels a much shorter distance in the coating and thus experiences less attenuation. This will have a positive impact on the current account of the entire transmission system.
  • the coating comprises a material that has self-reflecting properties
  • either the grating itself must be introduced into this coating, which can be realized, for example, in the form of openings, or a recess in the coating must be provided at the location of the grating.
  • a grating at the interfaces of the light-conducting core can preferably be produced in a single operation together with the surface of the core.
  • the grid can already be embossed with a stamp that simultaneously shapes the contour of the surface.
  • At least one grating is incorporated in a coating. embedded.
  • mechanical protection of the grille can be achieved on the one hand, and damping reduced on the other hand compared to an arrangement of the grille on the surface of the coating.
  • Such an arrangement can also advantageously be manufactured if the core has to be produced in a separate, independent process.
  • the grid is then applied together with the coating in a second process step.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides at least one grid which is embedded in the core. This embedding in the core enables production in one production step and offers optimal protection against external influences.
  • At least one additional grating for redirecting the direction of the light is embedded in the core.
  • At least one grid is fixed at a predetermined position. Such grids are thus already manufactured at certain predetermined positions using the manufacturing process. They are characterized by high mechanical stability and robustness.
  • at least one grid is designed to be reversible. Such a reversible grid can be activated or deactivated depending on the requirements of the current operating state. If the grid is activated at a certain point, coupling in and out is possible at this point. Uncoupling is no longer possible. This enables the distribution of light from different transmitters to different receivers to be controlled. If a reversible grating for light deflection is integrated into the core, the direction of the light or the beam distribution can also be controlled through the grating. With regard to the reversible grating, reference is made to the international publication WO 99/04309, the contents of which are also intended to be part of this patent application.
  • a further advantageous embodiment consists in that at least one reversible grid can be activated or deactivated by means of a signal or by supplying energy. This results in controllable gratings, by means of which active control of the optical signal flow is possible. In this way, the light supply to or from certain receivers or transmitters can be controlled in a targeted manner.
  • At least one grid consists of liquid crystals.
  • liquid crystals can be particularly simple
  • the means for coupling comprise scattering centers for deflecting the light by means of scattering.
  • scattering centers are suitable for scattering the light, such as, for example, particles of a different material or regions of a different state of the core material, for example in a different crystal structure or also in another state of aggregation, such as small gas bubbles in a liquid.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention consists in that at least one region with scattering centers is provided in a coating. This allows a particularly simple manufacture.
  • At least one area with scattering centers is provided in the core. This enables a particularly efficient coupling.
  • Another advantageous embodiment of the invention provides an area with additional scattering centers for redirecting the direction of the light in the core.
  • At least one scattering center fixed at a predetermined position.
  • at least one scattering center is designed to be reversible and can be activated or deactivated by means of a signal or by supplying energy.
  • At least one scattering center is formed from liquid crystals.
  • the orientation of the liquid crystals and thus the scattering effect can be controlled particularly simply by means of a control signal.
  • the means for coupling comprise parts or structures with a different refractive index than the core for deflecting the light by means of refraction.
  • the means for coupling comprise parts or structures with a different refractive index than the core for deflecting the light by means of refraction.
  • Another advantageous embodiment of the invention provides at least one indentation in the light-conducting core, which is filled with a material that has a different refractive index than the core. This results in a direction at the transition between the core and the material of the depression.
  • the material with a different refractive index can be a solid, a liquid or a gaseous substance. It can also be a material that changes its refractive index due to electrical signals or the supply of energy.
  • Another advantageous embodiment of the invention sees at least one area with respect to the core and different refractive index for redirecting the direction of the light in the core. This means that light control or directional control can be implemented within the core.
  • At least one coating has reflective properties. A reflection on the coating material is thus used to guide the light in the core.
  • Another embodiment of the invention has at least one coating which has a different refractive index than the core.
  • the coating can consist of a different plastic material with a different refractive index.
  • the coating can also have a gradient profile of the refractive index.
  • a method according to the invention is used to couple at least one source for emitting light and at least one receiver for receiving light to at least one preferably planar light guide.
  • This light guide comprises a light-guiding core which has at least two parallel interfaces in the areas provided for light guiding, which are provided with coatings which lead to a reflection of the light guided in the light-guiding core.
  • the coupling is carried out by at least one means for coupling the source or receiver to the light guide with using at least one grating to deflect the light by diffraction.
  • Another method is used to couple at least one source for emitting light and at least one receiver for receiving light to at least one preferably planar light guide.
  • This light guide comprises a light-guiding core, which has at least two parallel boundary surfaces in the areas provided for light guiding, which are provided with coatings which lead to a reflection of the light guided in the light-guiding core.
  • the coupling is carried out by at least one means for coupling the source or receiver to the light guide using at least one scattering center for deflecting the light by scattering.
  • Another method according to the invention is used for coupling at least one source for emitting light and at least one receiver for receiving light to at least one preferably planar light guide.
  • This light guide comprises a light-guiding core, which has at least two parallel interfaces in the areas provided for light guiding, which are provided with coatings that lead to a reflection of the light guided in the light-guiding core.
  • the coupling takes place by at least one means for coupling the source or receiver to the light guide using at least one part connected to the light-guiding core, which has a different refractive index than the core, for deflecting the light by refraction.
  • FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the invention in the form of a hybrid printed circuit board.
  • Fig. 2 shows an example of an embodiment of the invention with scattering centers or a grating structure for coupling light.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of an embodiment of the invention with a lattice structure on the light-conducting core
  • Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a hybrid constructed electrical-optical circuit board with two electrical layers (1), between which an optical layer (2) is enclosed. This comprises a light-guiding core (4), which is enclosed by two parallel coatings (3) on the interfaces. An interruption (5) of the conductor layer is provided for coupling light through a light source (6). Likewise, a conductor material with transmissive properties for the wavelength used to transmit the light can also be used. In this case, it is then not necessary to interrupt the conductor layer.
  • a means for coupling the light is provided at the point of the interruption (5).
  • This can be optional comprise a grating, scattering centers or a material with a different refractive index.
  • Part a) shows a coupling through scattering centers (7), which are located in the core. Light strikes these scattering centers and is deflected in different directions. Part of the light is deflected at angles that allow light to be guided within the core. The light is guided further by reflection at the interfaces of the core to the coating.
  • Part b) shows the coupling by means of a grating (8). Here, incoming light is deflected by diffraction at the grating into angles that can be guided within the core.
  • a light decoupling by means of the grating is not possible in this configuration, since the light which is guided inside the core does not reach the grating, since it is already reflected at the interface to the coating beforehand. If the grating, not as shown in FIG. 2 b), is now provided on the outside of the coating but on the outside of the core, light which is guided in the core can also strike this grating and be deflected accordingly. This also makes it possible to extract light
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of an embodiment of the invention with a lattice structure on the light-conducting core.
  • the light-guiding core (4) is on its parallels
  • a grating (8) for diffracting the light is directly on one Interface of the core applied.
  • Light (9) which propagates in the light-guiding core can now be deflected into areas outside the light-guiding core when it hits the grating. Until we detect you with a receiver (10), for example.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé et dispositif de transmission de signaux optiques. Un guide d'ondes, doté d'un coeur guidant la lumière qui comporte au moins deux surfaces limites parallèles dotées de revêtements destinés à réfléchir la lumière guidée dans ledit coeur, comprend au moins un moyen de couplage du récepteur ou de l'émetteur par diffraction, réfraction ou diffusion.
EP01990280A 2000-12-22 2001-12-07 Dispositif de transmission de signaux optiques a l'aide de guides d'ondes plans Withdrawn EP1346079A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE20021834U DE20021834U1 (de) 2000-12-22 2000-12-22 Vorrichtung zur Lichteinkopplung in eine lichtleitende Schicht innerhalb einer hybrid aufgebauten elektrisch-optischen Leiterplatte
DE20021834U 2000-12-22
DE10106297A DE10106297A1 (de) 2000-06-08 2001-02-02 Optisches Datenübertragungssystem
DE10106297 2001-02-02
DE102120Q 2001-06-08
PCT/DE2001/002120 WO2001095000A2 (fr) 2000-06-08 2001-06-08 Systeme optique de transfert de donnees
PCT/DE2001/004575 WO2002052321A2 (fr) 2000-12-22 2001-12-07 Dispositif de transmission de signaux optiques a l'aide de guides d'ondes plans

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1346079A2 true EP1346079A2 (fr) 2003-09-24

Family

ID=7950520

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01990280A Withdrawn EP1346079A2 (fr) 2000-12-22 2001-12-07 Dispositif de transmission de signaux optiques a l'aide de guides d'ondes plans

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7489841B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1346079A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2004525397A (fr)
AU (1) AU2002229471A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE20021834U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002052321A2 (fr)

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FR2979689B1 (fr) 2011-09-02 2014-09-12 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositif d'eclairage d'un objet, a source de lumiere munie d'un organe de prelevement d'une portion de la lumiere, application a la mesure des variations de flux de la source
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CN104730653B (zh) * 2013-12-23 2016-08-31 华为技术有限公司 光互连系统和方法
CN105006478B (zh) * 2014-04-25 2018-01-30 Pgi股份有限公司 光学传感器
DE102015101608B4 (de) * 2015-02-04 2021-01-07 Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Vertreten Durch Den Bundesminister Für Wirtschaft Und Energie, Dieser Vertreten Durch Den Präsidenten Der Bundesanstalt Für Materialforschung Und -Prüfung (Bam) Verfahren zur Signalweiterleitung, Vorrichtung mit einer optischen Faser und Detektionssystem
US12099271B1 (en) 2023-07-19 2024-09-24 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Controllable light propagation system
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AU2002229471A1 (en) 2002-07-08
DE20021834U1 (de) 2001-03-15
US20040252943A1 (en) 2004-12-16
DE10160218A1 (de) 2002-08-14
US7489841B2 (en) 2009-02-10
WO2002052321A2 (fr) 2002-07-04
US20080107378A9 (en) 2008-05-08
WO2002052321A3 (fr) 2003-12-18
JP2004525397A (ja) 2004-08-19

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