Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
  • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
  • E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
  • E01C7/35—Toppings or surface dressings; Methods of mixing, impregnating, or spreading them
  • E01C7/358—Toppings or surface dressings; Methods of mixing, impregnating, or spreading them with a combination of two or more binders according to groups E01C7/351 - E01C7/356
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L95/00—Compositions of bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar, pitch
  • C08L95/005—Aqueous compositions, e.g. emulsions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
  • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
  • C04B2111/0075—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for road construction
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2555/00—Characteristics of bituminous mixtures
  • C08L2555/20—Mixtures of bitumen and aggregate defined by their production temperatures, e.g. production of asphalt for road or pavement applications
  • C08L2555/28—Asphalt produced between 0°C and below 65°C, e.g. cold mix asphalt produced between 0°C and 35°C
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2555/00—Characteristics of bituminous mixtures
  • C08L2555/40—Mixtures based upon bitumen or asphalt containing functional additives

Definitions

• the invention relates to a composition making it possible to produce a surface layer or underlayer, in particular for industrial pavements or floors, a process for preparing this composition and its use.
• a modern wearing course must meet a number of requirements. It must in particular: be able to withstand the aggressions of traffic, that is to say have good grip at different speeds, good smoothness (for good driving comfort), not form ruts under the effect repeated loads, good resistance to fatigue, not very sensitive to aging (effects of water, UN, de-icing salts); - not be noisy; be waterproof to prevent degradation of the lower layers; be easy to manufacture and implement; be economical; - present the minimum risk for site personnel, residents and users; be recyclable; be aesthetic and integrate into the landscape.
• bituminous concretes of which the most common are thin bituminous concretes (BBM), very thin bituminous concretes (BBTM) and ultra-thin bituminous concretes .
• These concretes are made up of aggregates, a filler (limestone or lime) and bitumen.
• French patent No. 1 493 035 relates to a cold bituminous mixture allowing the production of soundproofing screeds or an isophonic laying mortar for floor coverings made at least in part of cement, detergent, emulsion of acid or alkaline bitumen, lime-sand aggregates and / or rice husk ash or any other material suitable does not deteriorate the bituminous mixture.
• This bituminous mixture does not make it possible to obtain a wearing course having satisfactory performance, such as mechanical strength.
• the final mixture must always be prepared according to a two-step process.
• European patent application No. 380 704 relates to a mixture comprising aggregates, an asphalt emulsion, cement, a mineral hydraulic material and water.
• the surfaces of the aggregates are coated with asphalt particles formed by the coalescence of the asphalt emulsion.
• the mineral hydraulic material as well as the water are present in the interstices between the aggregates.
• This mixture does not make it possible to obtain a wearing course having satisfactory performance, such as mechanical strength.
• the final material must always be prepared according to a two-step process.
• European patent application No. 545,740 relates to a process for double cold treatment of a granular material intended for road engineering. According to this process, a premix of a granular material and a first binder, hydraulic such as cement, or hydrocarbon such as bitumen, is prepared, containing, if necessary, surfactant stabilizing agents, and this premix in kneading members at which a second hydrocarbon or hydraulic binder is added thereto so as to obtain a final mixture which is spread over a roadway under construction. However, this final mixture does not make it possible to obtain a wearing course having satisfactory performance, such as mechanical strength. In addition, it should always be prepared using a two-step process. French patent application No.
• 2,661,173 relates to a composite binder consisting on the one hand, of an aqueous emulsion of at least one hydrocarbon binder and, on the other hand, of at least one hydraulic binder.
• This binder must however, absolutely also contain at least one adjuvant intended to control the setting speed of the hydraulic binder in order to obtain a liquid product with a viscosity of less than 1 Pa.s.
• French patent application No. 2 725 196 proposes a composite concrete for pavements and industrial floors comprising aggregates, a composite binder associating a hydraulic binder and a hydrocarbon binder, water, and one or more additives.
• the relative volume proportion of the hydraulic binder and the hydrocarbon binder relative to the aggregates is greater than 12%.
• the concretes cited as examples in this patent application contain small amounts of cement (of the order of 6% by weight relative to the total weight), high water to cement ratios (W / C greater than 0.75) and they involve the use of a cement setting retarder. They therefore do not make it possible to obtain a wearing course having satisfactory performance, such as mechanical strength.
• the mixed cement-bitumen binder must be prepared separately before the aggregates are introduced, because the mixture of the two binders simultaneously with the aggregates, in the same batch, does not make it possible to obtain a perfectly homogeneous composite concrete whatever or the amount of cement.
• This international application also relates to a composition for gravels and sands for road foundations, based on hydraulic binder of the dairy type or clincher of cement, Portland or equivalent, containing
• bitumen emulsion 0.5 to 6% by weight of the bitumen emulsion.
• this international application also relates to the use of the emulsion in particular for the formulation of a composition for hot-mix substitute cold products for road wearing courses or road and surface layers, this composition possibly containing a hydraulic binder which may be a Portland cement or equivalent, a aluminous cement or calcium sulphate, as well as mineral fillers such as aggregates, sand or silica.
• a hydraulic binder which may be a Portland cement or equivalent, a aluminous cement or calcium sulphate, as well as mineral fillers such as aggregates, sand or silica.
• the subject of the invention is therefore a composition comprising an unmodified bitumen emulsion, a hydraulic binder, aggregates and optionally water, and being characterized in that: its content C1 of hydraulic binder is between 12% and 30 % by weight relative to the weight of all the dry constituents of the composition; the ratio RI of the sum of the volumes of bitumen and hydraulic binder to the volume of aggregates is between 20% and 150%; and the unmodified bitumen emulsion comprises at least one nonionic surfactant.
• This composition does not give rise to any flocculation of the unmodified bitumen emulsion when the constituents are mixed.
• the concrete obtained after its hydraulic setting and hardening satisfies all the performances required for a road wearing course.
• composition according to the invention can be produced: - either by a ready-to-use concrete batching plant, according to the conventional concrete manufacturing procedure, in a single step, and be delivered to construction sites like conventional concrete and within the same deadlines as the latter by means of trucks dumpers or dump trucks,
• the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a composition according to the invention, in which the hydraulic binder, the bitumen emulsion, the aggregates and optionally the water are mixed in a single step. This process therefore has the advantage of comprising only one step.
• Another object of the invention is a concrete obtained by hydraulic setting and hardening of the composition according to the invention.
• Another subject of the invention is also the use of the concrete composition according to the invention for producing a wearing course.
• Yet another object of the invention is a process for manufacturing a wearing course comprising the application of a composition according to the invention, the hydraulic setting of the composition and its hardening.
• composition according to the invention therefore has a content C1 of hydraulic binder of between 12% and 30% by weight relative to the weight of all the dry constituents of the composition.
• dry constituents all of the dry elements of the formulation, excluding bitumen, i.e. hydraulic binders and aggregates.
• the ratio RI of the sum of the volumes of bitumen and hydraulic binder to the volume of aggregates is between 20% and 150%.
• the hydraulic binder has a density of 3150 kg / m 3 ; - bitumen has a density of 1050 kg / m 3 ; the aggregates have a density of 2650 kg / m 3 .
• the aggregates are generally fillers, sands or aggregates.
• fillers is meant aggregates with an average diameter of less than about 80 ⁇ m.
• the sands are aggregates with an average diameter of between approximately 0 and 4 mm.
• the aggregates have an average diameter greater than approximately 4 mm, and preferably less than 20 mm.
• the aggregates used in the invention are those commonly used by those skilled in the art, such as siliceous, limestone, silico-limestone, granitic aggregates, eruptive rocks, calcareous, siliceous or granitic fillers, siliceous sands, limestone, granite, etc.
• the aggregates may possibly be recovery aggregates obtained after operations carried out on pavements such as milling, etc.
• compositions according to the invention do not need to contain fibers.
• properties sought for a high-quality wearing course resilience, flexibility, impact resistance, bending resistance
• compositions according to the invention without fibers. This facilitates the implementation of the material (the fibers are often difficult to disperse) and also adds an economic advantage.
• the fiber content is less than 0.2% by volume relative to the total volume of the hydraulic binder, of the bitumen emulsion, of the aggregates, of water and if necessary other adjuvants.
• the hydraulic binder generally consists of at least one hydraulic binder chosen from the group consisting of Portland cements or equivalent, with or without secondary constituents, cements based on slag, aluminous cements, hydraulic road binders, clinkers of crushed cement, as well as their mixture with pozzolanic materials such as, for example, slag, fly ash or silica fumes
• bitumen emulsion comprises an unmodified bitumen.
• modified bitumens that is to say mixed with rubbers or high thermoplastic polymers
• the bitumens of the invention do not need to be modified using polymers, which has a great economic advantage, since the formulations according to the invention have excellent rut resistance even without bitumen amended.
• at least one unmodified bitumen chosen from bitumens emulsifiable at atmospheric pressure is used.
• the unmodified bitumen is chosen from the group consisting of quality bitumens with a penetration index (expressed in tenths of millimeters of penetration according to standard NF-T-66-004) between 40 and 220, the bitumen of deasphalted quality, bitumen of synthetic quality, distillation bitumen, blown bitumen, semi-blown bitumen, mixtures of these bitumens together and these blends plasticized with polymers
• Non-bitumen emulsion -modified further comprises at least one nonionic surfactant so as to reduce the risk of flocculation.
• composition according to the invention can also comprise various adjuvants used by those skilled in the art in mortars and concretes based on hydraulic binders, such as accelerators, retarders, plasticizers, superplasticizers, water repellents, etc.
• the water / hydraulic binder (W / C) mass ratio is at most equal to 0.7.
• the mass ratio W / C is generally greater than 0.4, preferably between 0.43 and 0.7.
• the mass ratio W / C is generally less than 0.4, preferably less than or equal to 0.35.
• the composition for concrete according to the invention has a content C1 of hydraulic binder of between 13 and 25% by weight relative to the weight of all the dry constituents of the composition, and the ratio RI of the sum of the volumes of bitumen and hydraulic binder to the volume of aggregates is between 25 and 70%.
• the bitumen emulsion is similar to that described in international application No. WO 00/004096, that is to say that it comprises, expressed as percentages by weight total emulsion:
• nonionic surfactant consisting of at least one nonionic surfactant chosen from the group consisting of copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, the epoxidized ethoxylated and / or propoxylated surfactants, and polyvinyl alcohols with a molecular weight between 10,000 and 150,000, as well as ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
• constituents of this emulsion in particular, bitumen, surfactant, thickener and defoamer can therefore be chosen from those described in this international application No. WO 00/004096.
• Such an emulsion can advantageously be used in formulations containing high contents of hydraulic binders, without breaking, in order to be dispersed in a homogeneous manner when mixing with the other ingredients and not to pose problems of rheology.
• composition according to the invention has the double advantage of being able to be prepared cold and according to a process comprising only one step.
• the process then consists simply in mixing the ingredients, namely, the hydraulic binder, the bitumen emulsion, the aggregates and the water, generally in a mixer.
• composition then being transported like ready-mixed concrete, by means of a dump truck or mixer truck, at its place of use, where it will be implemented cold with the conventional means used in public works.
• preparation of the composition according to the invention can also be carried out in a cold mix plant using, for example, a worm mixer and delivered to the site by means of dump trucks.
• an advantageous characteristic of the composition according to the invention is that, unlike the methods of the prior art, in the composition according to the invention, the rupture of the bitumen emulsion is no longer caused by kneading alone of the emulsion with the aggregates, but it is caused by the slow and considerable reduction in the volume of water which results from the hydration of the cement, since the hydration of the cement consumes a significant amount of water.
• This rupture coincides with the start of setting and hardening of the cement and does not modify the time required between manufacture and installation. These kinetics are adapted to the implementation times on construction sites.
• composition according to the invention therefore have the major advantage of being able to be carried out cold, which minimizes the risks for the safety of workers and avoids pollution.
• the consistency of the composition according to the invention depends on its W / C ratio.
• the manufacture of a wearing course comprises the application of the composition according to the invention, the hydraulic setting of the composition and its hardening.
• composition according to the invention has high values of the W / C ratio, it is self-compacting and its application is therefore made by autoplacement.
• the wearing courses made up of the self-compacting composition according to the invention can therefore be put into service within a short time, generally 2 to 2 hours after installation.
• the consistency of the concrete composition according to the invention is that of a material to be compacted.
• the manufacture of a wearing course then involves compaction, which can be carried out with the equipment conventionally used.
• the wearing courses made up of the composition to be compacted according to the invention (and which are consequently put in place by compaction), can be put into service as soon as the compaction ends.
• the concrete obtained by curing the composition according to the invention therefore has great flexibility, it does not crack and it has high mechanical strengths, which makes it particularly suitable for use as a wearing course, because the wearing courses are subject to strong and repeated external stresses.
• bitumens are unmodified bitumens.
• Example 1 preparation of the emulsion A first EB1 emulsion with 60% of bitumen having the following formulation was prepared: Bitumen 70/100: 60%
• Copolymer LC 818 C 3 5-s Empilan NP 15 0.5% Kelcocrete K1C 376 0.05% Water qs 100% Bitumen 70/100, available from Shell, is a bitumen of standard quality (penetration 70 at 100 mm).
• the LC 818 C copolymer is a nonionic surfactant available from the company COGNIS. It is a copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with a molecular weight of approximately 2000.
• Empilan NP 15 is a nonionic surfactant, a nonylphenol ethoxylated by 15 ethoxy groups.
• Kelkocrete K1C 376 is a welan gum available from Monsanto. It is a thickener of the polysaccharide type, which prevents sedimentation during storage.
• the emulsion is produced by maintaining an aqueous phase containing water, the two surfactants and the thickener, with stirring at 60 ° C., then the bitumen melted at 140 ° C. is poured into the aqueous phase stirred with speed of 1000 revolutions per minute.
• a composition of concrete A of the self-compacting type having the following formulation is cold prepared, using the bitumen emulsion EB1 of Example 1 Aggregates 6 to 10 mm: 80% Portland cement: 20%
• Aggregates are Porphyry aggregates from the Rivolet quarry.
• the cement is CEM1 52, 5R from Saint-Pierre-La-Cour, "ppc" means "parts per 100 parts of the aggregate / cement mixture”.
• the bitumen content alone is therefore 5 ppc.
• This composition A therefore has a Cl content equal to 20% and an RI ratio equal to 36.8%.
• Example 3 A composition of concrete B of the type to be compacted having the same formulation as that of Example 2 is prepared cold. Only the W / C ratio is different: it is now 0.32.
• a bituminous composition C of the state of the art of the BBM type (not containing cement) having the following formulation is prepared hot.
• test pieces are plates prepared from compositions A, B and C and which have been left to stand for at least 3 days after being molded.
• test conditions are as follows: size of the plates: 500 mm x 180 mm x 100 mm temperature for carrying out the tests: 60 ° C. tire inflation pressure: 0.6 MPa - force applied to the tire: 5000 N time load: 0.1 s
• the test piece A self-compacting formulation
• Test tube B was placed by compaction using a tire compactor.
• the rutting must, according to the standard (NF P 98-256-1) be less than 10%, that is to say 10 mm for a thickness of 100 mm, after 30,000 cycles of passage of the tire, the test pieces concrete according to the invention A and B are entirely satisfactory.
• the NF P 98-260-1 standard concerning the determination of the modulus and the loss of linearity imposes a value greater than or equal to 7 GPa.
• the NF P 98-260-2 standard concerning the complex module imposes a value greater than or equal to 5.4 GPa.
• the values measured on the concrete test pieces according to the invention are 11 GPa. They are therefore much higher than the minimum required by standards.
• bitumen emulsions EB2, EB3, EB4, EB5, EB6 and EB7 according to the invention are prepared, having the following formulations:
• LC 818C Copolymer LC 818 C, from the company Cognis.
• FA23.20 nonionic surfactant FA23PO, 200E. It is a copolymer with 20 units of ethylene oxide and 23 units of propylene oxide.
• L T08 non-ionic surfactant Lutensol T08, available from the company BASF. It is an ethoxylated fatty alcohol, with 8 groups of ethylene oxide
• L XL1400 non-ionic surfactant Lutensol XL 1400, available from the company BASF. It is an ethoxylated propylheptanol, with 14 ethylene oxide groups.
• RG xanthan gum with the commercial name Rhodopol G, available from the company Rhodia
• K1C 376 Kelcocrete K1C 376.
• Bitumen D available from Conoco-Koch, is a bitumen of standard quality and 85/100 mm penetration.
• Bitumen S available from Shell, is a bitumen of standard quality and 70/100 penetrability
• Bitumen T available from Petro Canada (Oakville refinery), is a bitumen of standard quality and 160/180 penetrability.
• the preparation of the aqueous phase is identical to that described for EB1, and the bitumen is heated in the same way as for EB1.
• - for EB2 the mixtures are brought using pumps in a laboratory colloid mill
• EB7 the mixtures are brought using pumps in an industrial colloid mill for EB3 to EB6: the operating protocol is the same as that used for the preparation of EB1
• compositions D and F (outside the invention), G and H (according to the invention) of the type to be compacted having the following formulations are prepared using the EB2 emulsion:
• Cil cement is a CEM 52.5R from the Lafarge Ciments cement plant, located in Saint Pierre la Cour (France)
• the slag comes from the Lafarge Ciments grinding station located in Fos sur Mer (France).
• the filler is a Betocarb P2 limestone filler, from the Tacon quarry (France) and available from the company MEAC.
• the aggregates and sand P used in D, G and H are porphyry-type aggregates from the Rivolet quarry (France), and available from the company Lafarge Granulats, of particle size classes: 0-2 mm, 4-6 mm and 6-10 mm.
• the aggregates and the sand used in F are aggregates of the siliceous type, coming from the Challans quarry (France) and available from the company des Sablines Palvadeau, in particle size classes: 0- 4 mm, 4-8 mm and 8 12 mm.
• Cold compositions are prepared with the bitumen emulsions of Example 8, concrete compositions I, J, K, L, and M according to the invention of the type to be compacted having the following formulations:
• Cil cement is a CEM 52.5R from the Lafarge Ciments cement plant located in Saint Pierre la Cour (France).
• Ci2 cement is a CEM 52.5N from the Lafarge Ciments cement plant located in Le Opera (France).
• Ci3 cement is a CEM 32.5R from the Lafarge Ciments cement plant located in Frangey (France).
• Ci4 cement is a CEM 42.5N from the Blue Circle cement plant located in Cauldon (England).
• Ci5 cement is a CEM 52.5N from the Lafarge Ciments cement plant located in Frangey (France).
• the P aggregates are aggregates or sands of the porphyry type, coming from the quarry of Rivolet (France).
• the S aggregates are aggregates or sand-limestone type sands, coming from the quarry of Saint Laurent de Mure (France), and available from the company Jean Lefebvre.
• the aggregates G are aggregates and sands of granite type, coming from the quarry of Mountsorrel (England) and available from the company Lafarge Aggregates.
• Test pieces are then obtained which satisfy the conditions of the Duriez test and which have satisfactory mechanical strengths.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
• Road Paving Structures (AREA)

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• 2001
  • 2001-02-21 FR FR0102332A patent/FR2821073A1/fr active Pending
• 2002
  • 2002-02-19 EP EP02704863A patent/EP1363860A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2002-02-19 CA CA002438756A patent/CA2438756A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2002-02-19 WO PCT/FR2002/000629 patent/WO2002066394A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2002-02-19 US US10/468,767 patent/US20040168611A1/en not_active Abandoned

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