EP1374324A2 - Cellule de combustible - Google Patents

Cellule de combustible

Info

Publication number
EP1374324A2
EP1374324A2 EP02716614A EP02716614A EP1374324A2 EP 1374324 A2 EP1374324 A2 EP 1374324A2 EP 02716614 A EP02716614 A EP 02716614A EP 02716614 A EP02716614 A EP 02716614A EP 1374324 A2 EP1374324 A2 EP 1374324A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
cell according
membrane
rubber
molecular sieve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02716614A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans-Peter Schmauder
Werner Schunk
Michael Bruder
Uwe Heiber
Karl-Heinz Krause
Gerhard Merkmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Intech Thueringen GmbH
Original Assignee
Intech Thueringen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Intech Thueringen GmbH filed Critical Intech Thueringen GmbH
Publication of EP1374324A2 publication Critical patent/EP1374324A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel cell, comprising at least the following components:
  • a generic fuel cell is described in detail, for example, in the following publications, namely DE-A-36 40 108, DE-A-195 44323, WO-A-94/09519, US-A-5 292 600 and in "Spectrum of Science” ( July 1995), pages 92 to 98.
  • Fuel cells are electrochemical energy converters and comparable to battery systems that convert stored chemical energy into electricity. In contrast to today's conventional power generators, electricity is generated in a fuel cell without the detour via heat generation.
  • the heart of the fuel cell is the membrane, which may only be permeable to hydrogen ions (protons).
  • protons On the one hand, hydrogen flows past catalysts (eg platinum catalysts) and is split into protons and electrons, on the other hand air or pure oxygen.
  • the protons pass through the membrane and together with the electrons acting as useful current, combine with the oxygen to form water, which remains as the only waste material.
  • the hydrogen releases the electrons at one electrode, the oxygen at the other electrode.
  • Plastic membranes are currently used in fuel cells.
  • the relevant materials are in particular polysulfones (DE-A-198 09 119), thermoplastic polyether ketones and polytetrafluoroethylene with sulfonic perfluorovinyl ether side chains (Nafion 117-DuPont).
  • a hybrid membrane is a combination system made up of a technical and a biological material.
  • the technical material is the matrix, while the channel-forming protein (membrane protein) forms the biological material.
  • the matrix of the membrane is a polymer material, preferably a thermoplastic, an elastomer or thermoplastic elastomer.
  • thermoplastic is preferably based on a halogenated and / or sulfonated polyalkene, in particular in turn a halogenated and / or sulfonated polyethylene.
  • an elastomer based on a rubber with a non-polar or polar character can also be used, the following types of rubber being used in particular:
  • EPDM Ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer
  • FKM fluororubber
  • Chloroprene rubber (2-chlorobutadiene-1,3; short form: CR) chlorobutyl rubber (short form: CNR) bromobutyl rubber (short form: BIIR) nitrile rubber (short form: NBR) acrylate rubber (short form: ACM)
  • thermoplastic elastomers in particular in connection with the materials mentioned above, can also be used, the proportion of the thermoplastic component being> the proportion of the elastomer component.
  • the protein as a biological material which should be temperature-resistant up to 100 ° C, in particular up to 130 ° C, includes in particular the following groups:
  • Microorganisms can also be used as proteins, again comprising in particular the following groups:
  • Halobacterium halobium especially bacteriorhodopsin
  • microorganisms are killed after growth and inclusion in the membrane.
  • the matrix additionally contains a carrier material for the protein, in particular a molecular sieve with a high crystal water content, namely with at least 100 moles of crystal water.
  • a carrier material for the protein in particular a molecular sieve with a high crystal water content, namely with at least 100 moles of crystal water.
  • the sodium-aluminum-silicate of the following formula should be mentioned in particular:
  • the molecular sieve is loaded with the protein as part of a partial dehydration, to be precise with the formation of a molecular sieve / protein adduct. Part of the crystal water is therefore removed and replaced by the protein. This measure increases the proton conductivity as well as the structural strength of the membrane.
  • the hybrid membrane can be used for a low-temperature fuel cell (operating temperature: ⁇ 100 ° C).
  • 3a, 3b the proton translocation across the membrane in the form of passive localization.
  • the fuel cell 1 comprises a proton-conducting membrane 2 as an electrolyte, comprising a matrix into which a channel-forming protein is mixed.
  • the membrane 2 is covered on both sides by catalyst layers 3.
  • Gas-permeable electrodes in the form of an anode 4 and cathode 5 rest on the outwardly facing surface of the catalyst layers 3.
  • the electrically conductive plates 6 limit the fuel cell on the bottom or cathode side, these plates with the gas permeable electrodes form a structural unit.
  • Air is usually sufficient as an oxygen supplier.
  • the water that forms also ensures that the crystal water of the molecular sieve is not used up when a molecular sieve / protein adduct is used.
  • the proton localization via the membrane 2 will now be described in connection with FIGS. 3a, 3b.
  • the matrix itself is almost impermeable to charged ions, including protons.
  • ions including protons.
  • a channel-forming protein for example gramicidin
  • the protons can passively pass through the membrane along this pore due to the electrochemical gradient, i.e. without a chemical reaction that drives the process - Fig. 3a.
  • Fuel cell single cell proton-conducting membrane (hybrid membrane) catalyst layer electrode (anode) electrode (cathode) electrically conductive plate (bipolar plate) external circuit of electrical consumers

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une cellule de combustible (1) comprenant au moins les constituants suivants : une membrane (2) conductrice de protons, comme électrolyte ; des couches catalytiques (3) qui recouvrent la membrane (2) de chaque côté ; des électrodes perméables au gaz, sous la forme d'une anode (4) et d'une cathode (5) qui se trouvent sur la surface des couches catalytiques (3), dirigée vers l'extérieur ; des plaques électroconductrices (6) qui touchent les électrodes de manière électroconductrice, à intervalles très rapprochés et délimitent conjointement avec les électrodes des canaux guidant les gaz ; ainsi que des raccords de gaz pour assurer l'alimentation en hydrogène (H2) d'une part et d'oxygène (O2) d'autre part. La cellule de combustible (1) selon l'invention se caractérise en ce que la membrane (2) est une membrane hybride comprenant une matrice dans laquelle est ajoutée une protéine formant un canal. L'invention concerne en outre des variantes avantageuses de la membrane (2), où la matrice contient par exemple un produit d'addition tamis moléculaire/protéine.
EP02716614A 2001-04-05 2002-02-22 Cellule de combustible Withdrawn EP1374324A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10116913 2001-04-05
DE10116913 2001-04-05
DE10153287 2001-10-29
DE10153287 2001-10-29
PCT/DE2002/000648 WO2002082562A2 (fr) 2001-04-05 2002-02-22 Cellule de combustible

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1374324A2 true EP1374324A2 (fr) 2004-01-02

Family

ID=26009008

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02716614A Withdrawn EP1374324A2 (fr) 2001-04-05 2002-02-22 Cellule de combustible

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1374324A2 (fr)
AU (1) AU2002247605A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10207462A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002082562A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111342077A (zh) * 2018-11-30 2020-06-26 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 一种透水双极板质子交换膜燃料电池的保存方法

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004032671A1 (de) * 2004-07-02 2006-02-02 Hahn-Meitner-Institut Berlin Gmbh Niedertemperatur-Brennstoffzelle mit einer Hybridmembran und Verfahren zur Herstellung
EP1793437A3 (fr) * 2005-09-09 2009-04-22 Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e.V. (IUTA) - Institut an der Universität Duisburg - Essen Elctrolyte, electrode et electrode catalythique pour utilisation dans une pîle de combustible
CN1332466C (zh) * 2005-10-21 2007-08-15 北京航空航天大学 燃料电池用菌紫质质子交换膜的制备方法
FR2921517B1 (fr) 2007-09-26 2010-12-03 Commissariat Energie Atomique Membranes conductrices de protons pour pile a combustible presentant un gradient de protons et procedes de preparation desdites membranes

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5468574A (en) * 1994-05-23 1995-11-21 Dais Corporation Fuel cell incorporating novel ion-conducting membrane

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO02082562A2 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111342077A (zh) * 2018-11-30 2020-06-26 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 一种透水双极板质子交换膜燃料电池的保存方法
CN111342077B (zh) * 2018-11-30 2021-04-02 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 一种透水双极板质子交换膜燃料电池的保存方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2002082562A2 (fr) 2002-10-17
DE10207462A1 (de) 2003-04-30
WO2002082562A3 (fr) 2003-06-26
AU2002247605A1 (en) 2002-10-21

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