EP1381109A1 - Verfahren zur Regelung von Ferritphasenschieberelementen,Vorrichtungen zur Durchführung des Verfahrens und zugehörige Anwendungen - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Regelung von Ferritphasenschieberelementen,Vorrichtungen zur Durchführung des Verfahrens und zugehörige Anwendungen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1381109A1
EP1381109A1 EP03291615A EP03291615A EP1381109A1 EP 1381109 A1 EP1381109 A1 EP 1381109A1 EP 03291615 A EP03291615 A EP 03291615A EP 03291615 A EP03291615 A EP 03291615A EP 1381109 A1 EP1381109 A1 EP 1381109A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
phase
elements
temperature
control
ferrite
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EP03291615A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1381109B1 (de
Inventor
Bernard Chan
Bernard Dirassen
Isabelle Albert
Jean-Marc Lopez
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Office National dEtudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales ONERA
Centre National dEtudes Spatiales CNES
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Office National dEtudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales ONERA
Centre National dEtudes Spatiales CNES
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
    • H01P1/19—Phase-shifters using a ferromagnetic device
    • H01P1/195—Phase-shifters using a ferromagnetic device having a toroidal shape

Definitions

  • the invention relates to microwave phase shifters at toroid of ferrite, used in radars, beams radio and telecommunications systems, in particular particular for network antennas capable of providing function of electronic scanning antennas, as well as for switches and dividers of varying power using this type of phase shifter.
  • the toroidal phase shifter consists of a toroid of ferrite (1) placed around a dielectric (3) in the center of a waveguide (2) with rectangular cross-section propagating the TE01 mode. In this case, the toroid does not fill not the entire section of the waveguide.
  • This type of phase shifter operates with a linearly polarized wave.
  • the double toroid structure allows better compactness and miniaturization. It consists of a blade of dielectric (3) sandwiched between two cores of ferrite (1,1 '), the assembly being placed in a waveguide (2) rectangular cross section.
  • the phase shift is obtained by a change of magnetization in the two tori of ferrite thus creating a variation of the constant of propagation of the microwave wave that passes through it.
  • the variation of magnetization is obtained by a variation of transverse magnetic field, itself produced by the passage a current flowing through an electric wire (not shown) passing longitudinally ferrite toroids.
  • the shape of the ferrite toroid makes it possible to conserve magnetization in the absence of current. This is what we calls a "latching" operation.
  • the phase shifter thus obtained is a non-reciprocal phase shifter, this means that for a given direction of current, the phase shift obtained is different depending on the direction of propagation of the microwave wave.
  • phase shift sensitivity of these phase shifters to effects of temperature is their major drawback in applications where the operating temperature may vary over a greater or lesser range, generally from -20 ° C to + 80 ° C, in telecommunications or radar. This sensitivity is due to variations in the characteristics of the Ferrite material as a function of temperature.
  • the invention aims to provide a new solution to this problem, free from the above disadvantages, and suitable for a temperature range of -20 ° C to + 80 ° C.
  • the invention is based on the discovery that there is a value of the control energy of a phase-shifter ferrite toroidal microwave operating in residual condition for which the phase shift is almost insensitive to the temperature, at least in the range of -20 ° C to + 80 ° C, and that the variation of the phase shift with the temperature for a given control energy is increasing function or decreasing function of temperature depending on whether the energy command is less than or greater than the value aforementioned insensitivity.
  • phase shifter controls the phase shifter with the control energy that corresponds to its point of insensitivity (first solution) or by associating in series at least two identical or substantially phase-shifting elements identical and controlling them with energies of different command such as the elements work respectively one in an area where the phase shift is a increasing function of the temperature and the other in a area where the phase shift is a decreasing function of the temperature, the control energies being chosen from so that the phase shift gradients as a function of the offset each other (second solution, commands complementary).
  • the first point (A) is obtained by considering a ferrite double toroid phase shifter element mounting where the direction of extension is the same as the sense of current of initialization command applied (RESET): the double toroidal ferrite is remanently controlled by a current pulse of given duration and value, to initialize ferrite and start a state given and known reference. We will call this impulse, "Reset pulse”.
  • the phase difference obtained after this reset pulse is independent of magnetization ferrite and serves as a point of reference for the phase shift curve as a function of the current of ordered.
  • the curves intersect in two points: the first point (A) and the second point (B) insensitivity "which depends only on the characteristics intrinsic properties of ferrite.
  • phase shifter By associating several bi-phase phase shifters of this type, we get a digital phase shifter insensitive to the temperature. This gives precisions of phase shift of the order of +/- 3 ° over 360 ° and over a temperature range of - 20 ° C to + 80 ° C, whereas for a conventional phase shifter without correction, the accuracy of the phase shift is of the order of +/- 40 °.
  • the element seen from above is constituted two ferrite cores (1,1 ') separated by a dielectric (3) high permittivity, in a waveguide rectangular (2).
  • Reference (6) designates in the figure the wire of the order.
  • Figures 7 to 9 relate to the second solution provided by the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram of a constituted device, according to the second solution of the invention, two toroidal phase shifter elements (D, D ') separated by a dielectric (3) associated in series in a waveguide (2).
  • Each element has two ferrite cores (1,1 ') placed around a dielectric (3) of high permittivity and separated by a dielectric (3 ') ensuring the adaptation of two elements.
  • the elements are controlled by circuits distinct control lines which have been shown control (6,6 ').
  • the invention allows the production of phase shifters temperature-insensitive digital devices, each bit of which is consisting of two elements controlled by energies of complementary control (Figure 9).
  • phase shifter insensitive to temperature for a certain range of phase shift.
  • phase shifter element analog temperature-insensitive on some temperature range, as opposed to a digital phase shifter operating in two phases (2 states).
  • This device for phase shifter ferrite controlled in remanent has another quality: the stability of the phase insertion according to the temperature. All the Previous discoveries focused on phase shift differential as a function of temperature. This stability of the insertion phase is observed for a point of given operation, where insertion losses are minimum. Additional measures have shown that the insertion phase varies extremely little depending on the temperature, which is an important element for large network antennas, where there may be a gradient of temperature between phase shifters, inducing misalignment untimely by variation of the phase. To put in evidence this stability of the insertion phase, it takes locate the operating point, determined by losses insertion distances, for a control current direction and a given direction of propagation.
  • phase shifter insensitive to the temperature has been carried out.
  • a bit of phase shift is achieved, either from a bi-phase element who is himself insensitive to temperature, either from two complementary control elements. Both techniques were used to make this model of phase shifter insensitive to temperature.
  • the 4-bit model was realized with 7 sections of phase shift.
  • the three most significant bits are each consisting of two complementary control elements and the bit of low weight (22 ° 5) is constituted by a bi-phase element. This can ensure sufficient accuracy (+/- 1 °) and it has the advantage of having only one section.
  • the different sections are separated by elements low loss dielectrics (magnesium titanate permittivity 13). They have been sized to ensure continuity of impedance in the structure of the phase-shifter full. They are also useful for facilitating the passage control wires.
  • the schema of the completed model is presented figure 10.
  • the phase shifter works in latching mode and the right section is dimensioned according to the rules conventional dimensioning.
  • the control energy is provided by a pulse of programmable current.
  • the remanent mode command uses current sequences of opposite sign: (RESET / SET - Boot / phase).
  • phase shift created depends on the direction of propagation in the phase shifter (advance and phase delay). Even though phase shift curves according to the control current have the same pace (with the sign close) for both directions of propagation, it is necessary to operate the phase-shifter so that the direction of propagation is the same as the direction of control current. For RESET mode, these operating conditions ensure good stability of the reference insertion phase depending on the temperature.
  • Figures 11 and 12 show the differential phase difference measured sections 1 and 2 of bit 4 according to the temperature.
  • the differential phase difference values are obtained by adding the different bits.
  • the maximum deviation of each of the phase shift values in the temperature range from -20 ° C to + 60 ° C is shown in the following table: States of phase shift 0 ° 22 5 45 ° 67 ° 5 90 112 ° 5 135 ° 157 ° 5 Maximum differences 0 ° 2 6 1 1 3 # 6 1 5 4 ° 2 1 4 5 States of phase shift 180 ° 202 ° 5 225 ° 247 ° 5 270 ° 292 ° 5 315 ° 337 ° 5 Maximum differences 2 7 1 2 2 1 3 1 8 2 # 3 1 1 2 5
  • the maximum peak-to-peak deviation is less than 6 °.
  • the precision of each of the 15 values of phase shifts (non-zero) is better than +/- 3 ° for the range temperature from -20 ° C to + 60 ° C. In the same way, we gets virtually the same accuracy for the extended range from -20 ° C to + 80 ° C.
  • the 180 ° bit can operate from 165 ° to 202 ° provided that the pairs values of the control current. It is the same for bits 90 ° and 45 °.
  • the typical precision obtained on this model is better than +/- 3 ° in the temperature range of -20 ° C to + 60 ° C.
  • the invention is not limited to the achievements that have have been described.

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EP20030291615 2002-07-01 2003-07-01 Verfahren zur Regelung von Ferritphasenschieberelementen,Vorrichtungen zur Durchführung des Verfahrens und zugehörige Anwendungen Expired - Lifetime EP1381109B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0208195 2002-07-01
FR0208195A FR2841687B1 (fr) 2002-07-01 2002-07-01 Procede pour commander des elements dephaseurs a ferrite, dispositifs de mise en oeuvre, et leurs applications

Publications (2)

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EP1381109A1 true EP1381109A1 (de) 2004-01-14
EP1381109B1 EP1381109B1 (de) 2005-06-29

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EP20030291615 Expired - Lifetime EP1381109B1 (de) 2002-07-01 2003-07-01 Verfahren zur Regelung von Ferritphasenschieberelementen,Vorrichtungen zur Durchführung des Verfahrens und zugehörige Anwendungen

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EP (1) EP1381109B1 (de)
DE (1) DE60300916T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2841687B1 (de)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1216841A (en) * 1967-01-20 1970-12-23 Emi Ltd Improvements in or relating to micro-wave phase shifters
US3824502A (en) * 1973-04-11 1974-07-16 Us Air Force Temperature compensated latching ferrite phase shifter

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1216841A (en) * 1967-01-20 1970-12-23 Emi Ltd Improvements in or relating to micro-wave phase shifters
US3824502A (en) * 1973-04-11 1974-07-16 Us Air Force Temperature compensated latching ferrite phase shifter

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
JONG-MIN PARK ET AL: "X-BAND FERRITE PHASE SHIFTER IN WAVEGUIDE GEOMETRY", PROCEEDINGS OF THE REGION TEN CONFERENCE (TENCON). BEIJING, OCT. 19 - 21, 1993, BEIJING, IAP, CN, vol. 3, 19 October 1993 (1993-10-19), pages 464 - 467, XP000521462, ISBN: 0-7803-1233-3 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE60300916D1 (de) 2005-08-04
DE60300916T2 (de) 2006-07-20
FR2841687A1 (fr) 2004-01-02
EP1381109B1 (de) 2005-06-29
FR2841687B1 (fr) 2004-09-17

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