EP1390048A2 - Orale zusammensetzungen enthaltend mucopolysaccharide zur dünndarm verabreichung und deren verwendung in der behandlung von kreislaufstörungen - Google Patents

Orale zusammensetzungen enthaltend mucopolysaccharide zur dünndarm verabreichung und deren verwendung in der behandlung von kreislaufstörungen

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Publication number
EP1390048A2
EP1390048A2 EP02712385A EP02712385A EP1390048A2 EP 1390048 A2 EP1390048 A2 EP 1390048A2 EP 02712385 A EP02712385 A EP 02712385A EP 02712385 A EP02712385 A EP 02712385A EP 1390048 A2 EP1390048 A2 EP 1390048A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mucopolysaccharide
formulation
absorption enhancer
formulation according
acid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02712385A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Kanji 618-2 Gokoumachidori TAKADA
Akihiro Matsuura
Saori Mori
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shimizu Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
Bioserentach Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Shimizu Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
Bioserentach Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shimizu Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Bioserentach Co Ltd filed Critical Shimizu Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
Publication of EP1390048A2 publication Critical patent/EP1390048A2/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
    • A61K31/726—Glycosaminoglycans, i.e. mucopolysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
    • A61K31/726—Glycosaminoglycans, i.e. mucopolysaccharides
    • A61K31/727—Heparin; Heparan
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/14—Esters of carboxylic acids, e.g. fatty acid monoglycerides, medium-chain triglycerides, parabens or PEG fatty acid esters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2072—Pills, tablets, discs, rods characterised by shape, structure or size; Tablets with holes, special break lines or identification marks; Partially coated tablets; Disintegrating flat shaped forms
    • A61K9/2086—Layered tablets, e.g. bilayer tablets; Tablets of the type inert core-active coat
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A61P7/02—Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A61P7/04—Antihaemorrhagics; Procoagulants; Haemostatic agents; Antifibrinolytic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/12—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/16—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing nitrogen, e.g. nitro-, nitroso-, azo-compounds, nitriles, cyanates
    • A61K47/18—Amines; Amides; Ureas; Quaternary ammonium compounds; Amino acids; Oligopeptides having up to five amino acids
    • A61K47/183—Amino acids, e.g. glycine, EDTA or aspartame
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/28—Steroids, e.g. cholesterol, bile acids or glycyrrhetinic acid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/4891—Coated capsules; Multilayered drug free capsule shells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a formulation containing mucopolysaccharide, more specifically, to an oral administrable formulation containing mucopolysaccharide, which has not been administered orally, as well as the method for producing thereof.
  • Mucopolysaccharide such as heparin or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) has no anticoagulation activity itself; however, shows the anticoagulation activity by combining with antithrombin III existing in blood to significantly increase antithrombin effect and anti-factor Xa effect.
  • LMWH low molecular weight heparin
  • heparins have been clinically used for treating or preventing the venous thrombosis, cardiac infarction, pulmonary embolism, cerebral infarction, limbs arterial thro boembolism or operative/post-operative thrombotic infarct, as well as for treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) .
  • the heparins have also been clinically used for preventing the blood coagulation during the application of the extracorporeal circuit such as hemodialyzer or heart-lung machine, or the blood catheterization as well as at the time of blood transfusion and the blood test.
  • heparins are administered by injection such as intravenous drip, bolus or intermittent intravenous injection, subcutaneous injection or intramuscular injection, and these methods for administration cause a pain or stress to the patients. Therefore, for preventing a deep venous thrombosis after hip joint or knee joint implant operation, heparin or LMWH is subcutaneouslly administered for several days, and thereafter Warfarin (Trade name) is orally administered to the patients.
  • Warfarin ® is difficult to use clinically because of taking a long time to show its pharmacological activity and long elimination half-life, and of having drug interactions between other drugs, as well as unstable pharmacokinetic behavior even in individual patient.
  • heparins are useful for treatment of venous thromboembolism and ischemic cardiovascular diseases such as deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, stroke, unstable angina or acute cardiac infarction; however, clinical use of heparins are limited because the injection preparation is only practically available.
  • Warfarin which is widely used for the anticoagulative therapy, the appearance of its pharmacological activity is very slow and therefore, it is necessary to take several days to reach the effective blood drug concentration after oral multiple administrations and also take a long time to be eliminated from the body after the cessation of drug administration. Furthermore, the blood Warfarin concentrations show a wide inter- and intra-subject variations . Therefore, the strict monitoring for administration of Warfarin is necessary. Additionally, it is well known that Warfarin ® is a typical drug which shows high drug-drug interactions because of high plasma protein binding, i.e., when
  • Warfarin is used with aspirin or phenylbutazone which is also highly bound to plasma protein, bleeding may occur due to the increase in free fraction of Warfarin in the plasma.
  • Warfarin ® of Warfarin are strongly desired in this field.
  • non-injectable formulations of heparin there have been some other trials to develop non-injectable formulations of heparin, and these are for example, non-stressed intrapulmonary administrable preparation using a nebulizer proposed by Inhale Therapeutic Systems, Inc., U.S.A. or transdermal preparation of spray gel nebulizer using poly dispersed liposome coat (spray-ben) proposed by Ratiopharm, Ltd., Germany.
  • the former preparation is under pre-clinical stage and the latter preparation is limited to use for only surface phlebitis and not launched up to now.
  • the object of the present invention is to discover an effective, stable and safe oral administrable formulation of mucopolysaccharide such as heparin or LMWH.
  • the present inventors found out that it is necessary to use a large amount of mucopolysaccharide and absorption enhancer thereof to obtain an effective blood concentration using the above-mentioned drug carrier with mucopolysaccharide, and confirmed that these formulations are not practical formulations.
  • enteric formulation of mucopolysaccharidewith absorption enhancer thereof can decrease the total amount of mucopolysaccharide and absorption enhancer.
  • the mucopolysaccharide can be absorbed from the small intestine (i.e. , duodenum, jejunum and ileum) , mainly from jejunum and ileum, and the absorption efficiency of mucopolysaccharide slightly varied in accordance with the varieties of mucopolysaccharides or absorption enhancer thereof to be used.
  • mucopolysaccharide in the absorption site, that is, the small intestine such as duodenum, jejunum and ileum, to obtain the effective blood concentration of the drug for a long period of time without any adverse action in the stomach or other digestive organs. Furthermore, it is also advantageous to use the mucopolysaccharide in the form of an aqueous solution or lyophilized powder thereof.
  • a formulation containing mucopolysaccharide and absorption enhancer thereof wherein said formulation is characterized by its enteric formulation to release the mucopolysaccharide and absorption enhancer thereof from the formulation when said formulation reaches at the middle to lower part of small intestine;
  • the formulations according to ( 1 ) to ( 3 ) which comprises a basic layer having a drug container, a surface layer sealing said drug container and a drug-carrying layer for containing mucopolysaccharide and absorption enhancer thereof in which the basic layer consists of water-insoluble polymer, the surface layer consists of enteric substances, and the drug container consists of said basic layer and said surface layer;
  • the mucopolysaccharides used in the present invention are mucopolysaccharides which are unstable in the digestive organs such as stomach, or are not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. These are in general having the molecular weight from about 2,000 to 20,000, preferably from about 3,000 to 12,000, andmore preferably fromabout 3,000 to 9, 000.
  • glycosaminoglycans represented byheparin, andthe examples arehyaluronicacid, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, ketaran sulfate, glucurono-2-amino-2-deoxyglycoglycansulfate, andthelike. These are available by extracted and purified from the organs of animals or enzymatic or chemical treatment such as sulfation, desulfation, acetylation, deacetylation, epimerizationoraminationof synthetic or natural oligoheteropolysaccharides .
  • low molecular ones of these compounds obtained by enzymatic or chemical treatment for example, parnaparin sodium, dalteparin sodium, enoxaparin sodium, tinzaparin sodium, reviparin sodium and the like may be included.
  • the absorption enhancers for mucopolysaccharide used in the present invention are, for example, fatty acid having 6 to 14 carbon atoms such as caproic acid or salts thereof, caprylic acid or salt thereof, capric acid or salt thereof, lauric acid or salt thereof, hydrogenated caster oil, and esters or amide derivatives thereof; sodium N- [8- (2-hydroxybenzoyl)amino]caprylate, sodium N- [10- (2- hydroxybenzoyl)amino]decanoate and the like.
  • steroid carboxylic acid or salt thereof as well as ester or amide derivative thereof such as deoxycholic acid, desoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid and the like; citric acid or salt thereof; aliphatic poly-basic acid such as disodium edetate as well as esters or amide derivatives thereof, and the like.
  • absorption enhancer for mucopolysaccharides can be used alone or combined together, for example, caprylocaproyl macrogol glycerides ⁇ Supplement 2, 000 of the European Pharmacopeia) or Labrasol ® (Trade name; Gattefosse,
  • lauroyl macrogol-32 glycerides ⁇ Supplement of European Pharmacopeia) or Gelucire ® 44/14 (Trade name; Gattefosse, Ltd.), stearoyl macrogol glycerides ⁇ Supplement of European Pharmacopeia) or Gelucire 50/13 (Trade name; Gattefosse, Ltd.).
  • caprylocaproyl macrogol glycerides or Labrasol with an organic acid such as citric acid, sulfuric acid, capric acid, lauroyl macrogol-32 glycerides, sodium laury sulfate, d- ⁇ -tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate, polyethylene (80) sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil 60 and the like, can be used as the absorption enhancer for mucopolysaccharide.
  • these mucopolysaccharide and absorption enhancer thereof are protectedby the enteric substance, which is insoluble in the stomach and is soluble in the small intestine, to prevent an inactivation in the oral cavity, esophagus or stomach.
  • enteric substances examples include hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate ⁇ Japanese Pharmacopoeia, the XIII Ed. ) , hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate (Shin-Etsu Chemical, Co. Ltd.), carboxymethyl ethyl cellulose (Froint Ind. , Ltd.), cellulose acetate phthalate
  • methacrylic acid-methylmethacrylate copolymer (Trade name: Eudragit ® L-100, S-100; Rohm Pharm, Ltd.), methacrylic acid copolymer-L (Trade name: Eudragit ®L; RohmPharm, Ltd. ) , methacrylic acid copolymer-LD (Trade name: Eudragit LD; Rohm Pharm, Ltd.),
  • enteric substances may be dissolved at the desired intestinal site from duodenum to lower part of the small intestine by varying the types and combination of the enteric substances, quantities thereof, thickness of the membrane layer, and the like. Further, the release rate of drug from the formulation may be controlled by using the water-insoluble pharmaceutical polymer such as ethyl cellulose, aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer, cellulose acetate, chitin and chitosan, as well as by combining the above-mentioned enteric substances at the desired site in the digestive tract .
  • water-insoluble pharmaceutical polymer such as ethyl cellulose, aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer, cellulose acetate, chitin and chitosan
  • enteric formulations are preferably retaining at the absorption site for a long period of time.
  • the adhesive substance such as described in the Japanese Patent Laid-open Hei 5-132416;
  • These adhesive substances may be pharmaceutically acceptable ones , and adhere to the mucous membrane after absorbing a water to manifest the viscosity. It is most preferable to use the adhesive substances that swell with water and manifest the high viscosity.
  • Such adhesive substances are natural or synthetic polymers, for example, non water-insoluble straight-chained polysaccharide such as Curdlan (Curdlan N, Food additive), mucin, agar, gelatin, pectin, carrageenan, sodium alginate, locust bean gum, xanthan gum, tragacanth gum, chitosan, pullulan, waxy corn starch, sucralfate, cellulose, and derivatives thereof such as hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and the like.
  • the synthetic viscous polymers such as acidic polymer having carboxylic group, sulfonic group or salt thereof are preferablyused, and acrylic acidpolymer or salt thereof is most preferablyused.
  • these are carbomer (carbopol ® 940, 934, 941, 1342, 974 etc.; Trade name; The BF Goodrich, Ltd.),
  • Hiviswako ® 103, 104, 105 (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), NOVEON AAI (The BF Goodrich, Ltd. ) , and calcium polycarbophil ( U. S. Pharmacopoeia XXIII) .
  • These adhesive substances effect so as to retain at the small intestine or adhere at the mucous membrane of small intestine by absorbed water and manifested viscosity when the drugs reach at the absorption site, that is, from duodenum to small intestine.
  • the adhesive substances with the mucopolysaccharide and the absorption enhancer thereof, or coated the mucopolysaccharide and the absorption enhancer thereof with the enteric substances, as well as admixed the adhesive substances with the enteric substances.
  • the common additive used for the pharmaceutical formulations may be added to the adhesive substances containing mucopoly- saccharide and absorption enhancer thereof, if necessary.
  • binders such as crystalline cellulose, corn starch, starch, glucose, gelatin, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose , hydroxymethyl cellulose , dextrin, and the like; disintegrator such as carboxymethyl cellulose calcium, low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, and the like; surfactants; anti-acid agents such as magnesium aluminate metasilicate, light anhydrous silicic acid, anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate, magnesium hydroxide and the like; mucosa protecting agents; and adsorbents.
  • the effect of absorption of drugs can be increased by the presence of glycerin ester or poly-glycerin ester of fatty acid to prolong the retention time in the digestive tract or to sustain the release of the mucopolysaccharide from the formulation.
  • the amount of mucopolysaccharide for the formulation of the present invention may be, for example, from 0.2 to 100 mg/kg, more preferably from 0.5 to 10 mg/kg.
  • the amount of absorption enhancer for mucopolysaccharide may also be, for example, from 0.2 to 100 mg/kg, more preferably from 0.5 to 10 mg/kg.
  • the present inventors found out that the mucopolysaccharide was rapidly absorbed into the systemic blood through the intestinal wall using an absorption enhancer such as caprylocaproyl macrogolglycerides in the presence of water. Therefore, it is preferable to use an aqueous solution containing mucopolysaccharide alone or with absorption enhancer together for preparing the pharmaceutically formulations.
  • the aqueous solution containing mucopolysaccharide can be formulated directly or indirectly after absorbing with the pulverization agent in order to form the powder. Accordingly, these mucopolysaccharide and absorption enhancer thereof are formulated to granules, fine granules or tablets with the enteric substances or other additives, if necessary, by common methods, and further coated with adhesive substances or enteric substances, if necessary.
  • the granules or fine granules can be filled in the common capsule and the resulting capsule is enteric-coated, or further filled in another enteric capsule.
  • the granules or fine granules can also be tableted to prepare the tablet formulations.
  • the granules or fine granules can be formulated to three layers micro or mill capsule disclosed in Patent Gazette WO 00/32172.
  • the three layers micro or mill capsule consists of the basic layer having the drug container, the drug-carrying layer for containing a drug and further absorption enhancer if necessary, and the surface layer sealing the drug container and retaining the formulation in the desired absorption site for a long period of time.
  • the basic layer, having the cavitycontaining the drug therein, consists of water-insoluble polymer to prevent the permeation of hydrolytic enzymes into the drug container.
  • the water-insoluble polymer consisting of the basic layer may be, for example, ethyl cellulose, aminoalkyl ethacrylate copolymer, cellulose acetate, chitin, chitosan and the like. These are used in alone or combined together.
  • Thedrugcontainer consistingofwater-insoluble polymer is prepared by using a mold having regular or irregular hollow, or the film of water-insoluble polymer is spread on a metal mold having many projections and heated.
  • the drug-carrying layer contains mucopolysaccharide and absorption enhancer thereof, and consists of optional additives or mucosa adhesive substances and the like.
  • additives or mucosa adhesive substances are polymers or gums such as carboxyvinylpolymer, polyacrylic acid/octylacrylatecopolymer, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate/vinyl pyrrolidone copolymer, acrylic acid/silk-fibroin copolymer resin, macrogol, methyl acrylate/ 2-ethylhexyl acrylate copolymer resin, gum arable, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, methyl-cellulose, hydroxypropyl- methyl cellulose, polyisoprene, polyacrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate, alginicacid, ⁇ -starch, carboxymethylethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl starch, crystalline cellulose, cyclodextrin, and the like.
  • the surface layer seals the drug container and affects the absorption of the drug so as to retain the intestinal absorption site from the duodenum to the ileum for a long period of time.
  • enteric substances such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate
  • the surface layer can be made by dissolving 225 mg of HP-55 (Shin-Etsu Chemical Ind. , Ltd. ) and 25 ⁇ l of triethyl citrate in 5 mL of a mixture solution of methylene chloride and methanol (4:1) , and the resulting solution is cast on a Teflon ® plate to form a film having from approximately 30 to 50 ⁇ m of thickness, and the obtained film seals the open area of the drug container.
  • the surface film layer can be also prepared from the solution of 225 mg of Eudragit ® S100 or Eudragit ® L100 and 150 ⁇ l of triethyl citrate in 5 mL of a mixture solution of methylene chloride and methanol (1:1) .
  • micro- or milicapsules are administered orally themselves or filled into capsules or the enteric capsules and administered orally.
  • mucopolysaccaride as an active ingredient is retained at the absorption site of small intestine and the excellent absorption of the drug can be obtained.
  • the followings are the preferable mucopolysaccharide formulations of the present invention.
  • the solution preparation (1) or (2) is filled into capsule and then the capsule is enteric-coated, or filled into capsule made by enteric substance.
  • the solution preparation (1) or (2) is absorbed with the pulverization agent (such as, magnesium aluminate metasilicate, light anhydrous silicic acid, anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate and the like) in order to form the powder, and resulting powder is filled into capsule then the capsule is enteric-coated, or filled into capsule made by enteric substance.
  • the pulverization agent such as, magnesium aluminate metasilicate, light anhydrous silicic acid, anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate and the like
  • the solution preparation (1) or (2) is absorbed with the pulverization agent in order to form the powder, andresultingpowder is granulated, and
  • the obtained granules are filled into capsule then the capsule is enteric-coated, or filled into capsule made by enteric substance; or (b) the obtained granules are further coated with enteric substance and filled into capsule.
  • Solution Preparation (1) The following Solution Preparations (1) to (10) were prepared.
  • 1 L of phosphate buffered solution (pH 6.8) was made from 6.8 g of potassium hydrogen sulfate, 0.95 g of sodium hydroxide and purified water. Then, 1 L of the Solution Preparation (1) was prepared by dissolving of 30 mg of parnaparin sodium and 5 mg of sodium salt of deoxycholic acid in the above obtained phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) .
  • 3 mL of the Solution Preparation ( 2 ) was prepared by dissolving 90 mg of parnaparin sodium and 30 mg of sodium salt of deoxycholic acid in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8).
  • 3 mL of the Solution Preparation ( 3 ) was prepared by dissolving 90 mg of parnaparin sodium and 100 mg of sodium salt of capric acid in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8).
  • 3 mL of the Solution Preparation ( 4 ) was prepared by dissolving 90 mg of parnaparin sodium and 100 mg of sodium edetate in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) .
  • 3 mL of the Solution Preparation ( 5) was prepared by dissolving 90 mg of parnaparin sodium and 100 mg of sodium salt of taurocholic acid in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8).
  • Solution Preparation (6) 3 mL of the Solution Preparation (6) was preparedby dissolving 90 mg of parnaparin sodium and 100 mg of citric acid in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) .
  • Solution Preparation (7) 3 mL of the Solution Preparation ( 7) was prepared by dissolving 90 mg of parnaparin sodium and 100 mg of sodium lauryl sulfate in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8).
  • Solution Preparation (8) 3 mL of the Solution Preparation (8) was prepared by dissolving 90 mg of parnaparin sodium, 50 mg of sodium salt of capric acid and 50 mg of sodium edetate in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8).
  • Solution Preparation (9) 3 mL of the Solution Preparation (9) was prepared by dissolving 90 mg of parnaparin sodium and 2 mL of caprylocaproyl macrogolglycerides (EP: 1184) in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8).
  • Solution Preparation (10) 3mL of the SolutionPreparation ( 10) was preparedbydissolving 90mgofparnaparin sodium, and90 ⁇ l, 300 ⁇ lor 900 ⁇ lof caprylocaproyl macrogolglycerides (EP: 1184), respectively, in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8).
  • the Solution Preparation (1) obtained above was administered into the duodenum of male SD rats weighing from 250 to 350 g at the dose volume of 1 mL/kg.
  • 1 mL of the Reference Solution containing 30 mg/mL of parnaparin sodium was administered according to the same manner.
  • the blood samples were collected from the left jugular vein of rats at 30, 60 and 120 minutes after the administration, respectively, and plasma anti-factor Xa activities were measured as the index of the absorbability of parnaparin sodium.
  • Table 1 Plasma anti-factor Xa activities after administration of parnaparin sodium (30 mg/kg) plus absorption enhancer thereof to rat intestine
  • the Solution Preparations (2) to (9) obtained above were administered at the duodenum of male SD rats weighing from 250 to 350 g at the dose volume of 1 mL/kg.
  • the blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of rats at 15, 30 and 60 minutes after the administration, and plasma anti-factor Xa activities in plasma were measured as the index of the absorbability of parnaparin sodium. The results are shown in Table 2.
  • Table 2 Plasma anti-factor Xa activities after administration of parnaparin sodium (30 mg/kg) plus absorption enhancer thereof to rat intestine
  • the Solution Preparations (2), (3), (4) and (9) obtained above were administered at the duodenum, jejunum or ileum of male SD rats weighing from 250 to 350 g at the dose volume of 1 mL/kg of the preparation.
  • the blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of rats at 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes after the administration, and plasma anti-factor Xa activities were measured as the index of the absorbability of parnaparin sodium.
  • Table 3 Plasma anti-factor Xa activities after administration of parnaparin sodium (30 mg/kg) plus absorption enhancer thereof to rat intestine
  • the highest anti-factor Xa activity was observedbythe administrationof saidpreparationat theduodenum, jejunum and ileum 60 minutes after the administration, and in case of the administration of the solution preparation containing caprylocaproyl macrogolgylcerides as an absorption enhancer of parnaparin sodium, the high anti-factor Xa activities were observed after the administration to the middle and lower parts of small intestine, that is at the jejunum and ileum.
  • the Solution Preparation ( 10 ) obtained above was administered at jejunum or ileum of male SD rats weighing from 250 to 350 g at the dose volume of 1 mL/kg.
  • the blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of rats at 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes after the administration, and plasma anti-factor Xa activities were measured as the index of the absorbability of parnaparin sodium. The results are shown in Table 4.
  • Table 4 Plasma anti-factor Xa activities after administration of parnaparin sodium (30 mg/kg) plus absorption enhancer thereof to rat intestine
  • Solution Preparations (11) to (20) were prepared.
  • Solution Preparation (11) 60 mg of parnaparin sodium and 0.5 mg of citric acid were dissolved in 0.33 L of purified water, and to this solution was added 0.67 mL of caprylocaproyl macrogolglycerides and the mixture was well stirred. Then 60 mg of sodium lauryl sulfate was further added to this solution and the mixture was well stirred. After stirring for 45 to 60 minutes, the clear Solution Preparation (11) was obtained.
  • parnaparin sodium and 1.5 mg of citric acid were dissolved in 0.33 mL of purified water, and to this solution was added 0.67 mL of caprylocaproyl macrogolglycerides and the mixture was well stirred. Then 0.05 mL of polyoxyethylene (80) sorbitanmonooreate was further added to this solution and the mixture was well stirred. After stirring for 45 to 60 minutes, the clear Solution Preparation (12) was obtained.
  • parnaparin sodium and 2.0 mg of citric acid were dissolved in 0.33 mL of purified water, and to this solution was added 0.67 mL of caprylocaproyl macrogolglycerides and the mixture was well stirred. Then 50 mg of polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil 60 was further added to this solution and the mixture was well stirred. After stirring for 45 to 60 minutes, the clear Solution Preparation (13) was obtained.
  • parnaparin sodium and 2.0 mg of citric acid were dissolved in 0.33 mL of purified water, and to this solution was added 0.67 mL of caprylocaproyl macrogolglycerides and the mixture was well stirred. Then 100 mg of lauroyl macrogol-32 glycerides (EP) was further added to this solution and the mixture was well stirred. After stirring for 45 to 60 minutes, the clear Solution Preparation (14) was obtained.
  • parnaparin sodium was dissolved in 0.33 mL of purified water (solution A) .
  • 20 mg of capric acid was added to 0.67 mL of caprylocaproyl macrogolglycerides and the mixture was well stirred (solution B) .
  • solution A was added to the solution B, and the mixture was well stirred, and to this mixture was added 50 mg of sodium lauryl sulfate and the resulting mixture was well stirred. After stirring for 45 to 60 minutes, the clear Solution Preparation (15) was obtained.
  • parnaparin sodium and 1.5 mg of citric acid were dissolved in 0.33 mL of purified water, and to this solution was added 0.47 mL of caprylocaproyl macrogolglycerides and the mixture was well stirred. Then 200 mg of d- ⁇ -tocopherylpolyethylene glycol 1000 succinate was further added to this solution and the mixture was well stirred. After stirring for 45 to 60 minutes, the clear Solution Preparation (16) was obtained.
  • parnaparin sodium and 1.5 mg of citric acid were dissolved in 0.33 mL of purified water, and to this solution was added 0.47 mL of caprylocaproyl macrogolglycerides and the mixture was well stirred. Then 30 mg of sodium lauryl sulfate and 200 mg of d- ⁇ -to ⁇ opheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate were added andthemixturewaswell stirred. After stirringfor 45 to 60minutes , the clear Solution Preparation (17) was obtained.
  • parnaparin sodium and 1.5 mg of citric acid were dissolved in 0.67 mL of purified water, and to this solution was added 0.33 mL of caprylocaproyl macrogolglycerides and the mixture was well stirred. After stirring for 45 to 60 minutes, the clear
  • Solution Preparation (19) 60 mg of parnaparin sodium and 2.0 mg of citric acid were dissolved in 0.67 L of purified water, and to this solution was added 0.33 mL of caprylocaproyl macrogolglycerides and the mixture was well stirred. Then 100 mg of lauroyl macrogol-32 glycerids (EP) was added and the mixture was well stirred. After stirring for 45 to 60 minutes, the clear Solution Preparation (19) was obtained.
  • parnaparin sodium and 2.0 mg of citric acid were dissolved in 0.33 mL of purified water, and to this solution was added 0.67 mL of caprylocaproyl macrogolglycerides and the mixture was well stirred. Then 100 mg of lauroyl macrogol-32 glycerids (EP) was added and the mixture was well stirred. After stirring for 45 to 60 minutes, the clear Solution Preparation (20) was obtained.
  • Table 8 Plasma anti-factor Xa activities after administration to rat intestine
  • Solution Preparation (23) A mixture solution of 0.1 g of parnaparin sodium in total amount of 100 mL of purified water was well stirred and lyophilized under the same conditions described above, and the resulting powder was screened with sieve #60 to obtain the lyophilized powder. Then, 125 mg of lauroyl macrogol-32 glycerides was added to 0.8 mL of caprylocaproyl macrogolglycerides , and the mixture was well stirred under 50°C to obtain the clear solution. To this solution was added 15 mg of the above obtained lyophilized powder, and the mixture was well stirred to obtain the Solution Preparation (23).
  • the enteric capsules obtained by Example 2 were orally administered to three beagle dogs (Dog IDs: S, G and Y) weighing from 9.5 to 11.5 kg at the dose of three capsules per dog.
  • the blood samples were collected from the left jugular vein before the administration, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 hours after the administration, and anti-factor Xa activities in plasma were measured as the index of the absorbability of parnaparin sodium.
  • Table 10 As apparently shown in Table 10, Dog ID: S, G and Y respectively showed more than 0.6 U/mL, 0.3 U/mL and 1.0 U/mL of anti-factor Xa activity.
  • Beagle dogs weighing from 8.5 to 14.0 kg were treated with abdominal operation and the patches obtained above were applied to the mucosal surface of the ileum at the dose of 2 mg/kg or 5 mg/kgperpatches .
  • the blood samples were collectedfromthe jugular vein before the administration, and at the predetermined time after the administration, and anti-factor Xa activities in plasma were measured as the index of the absorbability of parnaparin sodium.
  • parnaparin sodium and 15 mg of citric acid were dissolved in 2 mL of purified water and to this solution was added 4 mL of caprylocaproyl macrogolglycerides, and the resulting solution was well stirred. Then, 600 mg of lauroyl macrogol-32 glycerides (EP) was added and the mixture was well stirred under 45°C to obtain the clear solution.
  • EP lauroyl macrogol-32 glycerides
  • magnesium aluminate metasilicate (Neusilin ® US 2 or UFL 2 ; Fuji Chemical Industry, Co. , Ltd. ) in a mortar and the mixture was well mixed with a pestle to obtain powder. To this powder were added
  • the powder obtained above was administered into the duodenum of Wistar rats weighing from 370 to 510 g so as to administer 2 mg/kg of parnaparin sodium, and anti-factor Xa activities in plasma were measured as the index of the absorbability of parnaparin sodium.
  • the obtained powder was pressed by mean of the tableting machine under 100 kg to prepare the tablet formulations.
  • the obtained tablet was administered at the ileum of Wistar rats weighing from 310 to 390 g so as to administer 2 mg/kg of parnaparin sodium, and anti-factor Xa activities in plasma were measured as the index of the absorbability of parnaparin sodium.
  • parnaparin sodium and 2.5 mg of citric acid were dissolved in 0.56 mL of distilled water, and to this solution was added 1.1 mL of Labrasol ® to obtain a clear solution.
  • ethylcellulose and 50 ⁇ L of triethylamino citrate were dissolved in 5 mL of a mixture solution of methylene chloride and methanol (4:1).
  • the resulting solution was poured onto a Tefron ® plate having 10 x 10 cm in size, and the solvent was evaporated to form an ethylcellulose-film (EC film).
  • the EC film was put on a metal mold having projections of 200 ⁇ m maximum diameter and 80 ⁇ m height, and pressed at 75°C for 10 minutes.
  • the film was then cooled to room temperature to form an EC film having the micro-container form, and about 0.5 ⁇ L of parnaparin sodium- Labrasol ® solution obtained in the Example 2 was filled into the micro-container.
  • the resulting layered film was cut around the micro-containers into squares about 500 x 500 ⁇ m or circles about 500 ⁇ m in diameter to give un-uniformed microcapsule formulations having three-layers structure.
  • Cellulose membrane having 3 mm diameter was attached onto the ethylcellolose film having a thickness of about 35 ⁇ m under heating and pressing. Then, 2 ⁇ L of the mixture solution of parnaparinsodiumandLabrasol ®preparedinthe Example 2 was adsorbed the cellulose membrane.
  • an enteric protecting layer film glue made of Hiviswako ® 103 (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was spread onto the surface of an enteric film having a thickness of about 30 ⁇ mmade of HP-55, Eudragit ® S100 or L100. Then, the treated film was further coated with the same enteric film to obtain the enteric protecting layer film having three-layers structure. Then, the cellulose membrane was press-coated with the above enteric protecting layer film and ethylcellulose film so as to put the cellulose membrane between the enteric protecting layer film and ethylcellulose film. The resulting layered film was cut into small pieces having ring pattern of diameter about 3.5 mm in size. The pieces were filled into an enteric polymer capsules .
  • the baggy type container 3 mm diameter and 0.5 mm depth, made of cellulose acetate film coatedwith gelatin layer was prepared fromtheheat-laminatedfilmof the cellulose acetate filmandgelatin film. Then, 2 ⁇ L of the mixture solution of parnaparin sodium and Labrasol ® prepared in the Example 2 was filled in the container and was covered with an enteric film coated with gelatin layer. An open area of the container was sealed by means of heat pressing, and further cut into the film form having a diameter of 3.6 mm. The resulting films were filled into enteric capsules to obtain the capsule formulations by the same manner as described in the Example 3.
  • the mass was passed through a sieve to prepare granules , and the obtained granules were filled into an enteric capsule basically consisting of Eudragit S100, Eudragit L100 or HP-55, and the capsule was sealed, or filled into gelatin capsule and this gelatin capsule ® ® was enteric-coated with Eudragit S100, Eudragit L100 or HP-55 after sealing to obtain the enteric capsule formulations .
  • Example 7 Sucrose and citric acid (1:1) were well mixed in a mortar with a pestle. To 500 mg of this mixture was added 0.55 mL of the clear solution obtained in the Example 6, and the resulting mixture was well mixed in a mortar with a pestle to obtain a wet mass . The mass was passed through a sieve to prepare granules , and the obtained granules were filled into an enteric capsule basically consisting
  • parnaparin sodium and 15 mg of citric acid were dissolved in 2 mL of purified water and to this solution was added
  • magnesium aluminate metasilicate (Neusilin ® US 2 or UFL ; Fuji Chemical Industry, Co. , Ltd. ) in a mortar and the mixture was well mixed with a pestle to obtain powder. To this powder were added
  • mucopolysaccharide which has not been administered orally, can be administered orally by the enteric formulation containing said mucopolysaccharide and absorption enhancer thereof.

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EP02712385A 2001-02-16 2002-02-15 Orale zusammensetzungen enthaltend mucopolysaccharide zur dünndarm verabreichung und deren verwendung in der behandlung von kreislaufstörungen Withdrawn EP1390048A2 (de)

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PCT/JP2002/001299 WO2002064148A2 (en) 2001-02-16 2002-02-15 Oral formulations containing mucopolysaccharide for small intestine delivery and their use in the treatment circulatory disorders

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US7658938B2 (en) 1999-02-22 2010-02-09 Merrion Reasearch III Limited Solid oral dosage form containing an enhancer
US8603514B2 (en) 2002-04-11 2013-12-10 Monosol Rx, Llc Uniform films for rapid dissolve dosage form incorporating taste-masking compositions
US20110033542A1 (en) 2009-08-07 2011-02-10 Monosol Rx, Llc Sublingual and buccal film compositions
US11207805B2 (en) 2001-10-12 2021-12-28 Aquestive Therapeutics, Inc. Process for manufacturing a resulting pharmaceutical film
US8765167B2 (en) 2001-10-12 2014-07-01 Monosol Rx, Llc Uniform films for rapid-dissolve dosage form incorporating anti-tacking compositions
US10285910B2 (en) 2001-10-12 2019-05-14 Aquestive Therapeutics, Inc. Sublingual and buccal film compositions
US7357891B2 (en) 2001-10-12 2008-04-15 Monosol Rx, Llc Process for making an ingestible film
US20190328679A1 (en) 2001-10-12 2019-10-31 Aquestive Therapeutics, Inc. Uniform films for rapid-dissolve dosage form incorporating anti-tacking compositions
DE10332160A1 (de) 2003-07-15 2005-02-03 Röhm GmbH & Co. KG Multipartikuläre Arzneiform, enthaltend mucoadhaesiv formulierte Peptid- oder Protein-Wirkstoffe, sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der Arzneiform
WO2007117706A2 (en) 2006-04-07 2007-10-18 Merrion Research Iii Limited Solid oral dosage form containing an enhancer
CN102046192B (zh) 2008-05-07 2014-11-19 默里昂研究Ⅲ有限公司 GnRH相关化合物的组合物及制备方法
JP4630931B2 (ja) * 2009-03-10 2011-02-09 有限会社エヌアール・ラボラトリー 消化管溶性剤型
WO2011120033A1 (en) 2010-03-26 2011-09-29 Merrion Research Iii Limited Pharmaceutical compositions of selective factor xa inhibitors for oral administration
IT1400232B1 (it) * 2010-05-07 2013-05-24 Advance Holdings Ltd Composizione farmaceutica topica comprendente eparina
KR101005981B1 (ko) * 2010-08-13 2011-01-05 이흥재 핸들부를 앞뒤로 왕복시키는 동작으로 전륜을 구동하는 자전거
US9149959B2 (en) 2010-10-22 2015-10-06 Monosol Rx, Llc Manufacturing of small film strips
EP2651395A4 (de) * 2010-12-15 2014-05-07 Merrion Res Iii Ltd Pharmazeutische zusammensetzungen aus selektiven faktor-xa-hemmern zur oralen verabreichung
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