EP1408947A2 - Derives de l'acide fumarique utilises comme inhibiteurs nf-kappab - Google Patents

Derives de l'acide fumarique utilises comme inhibiteurs nf-kappab

Info

Publication number
EP1408947A2
EP1408947A2 EP02712806A EP02712806A EP1408947A2 EP 1408947 A2 EP1408947 A2 EP 1408947A2 EP 02712806 A EP02712806 A EP 02712806A EP 02712806 A EP02712806 A EP 02712806A EP 1408947 A2 EP1408947 A2 EP 1408947A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fumarate
fumaric acid
use according
ethyl
methyl
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02712806A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rajendra Kumar Joshi
Hans-Peter Strebel
Peter Petzelbauer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Biogen International GmbH
Original Assignee
Fumapharm AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fumapharm AG filed Critical Fumapharm AG
Publication of EP1408947A2 publication Critical patent/EP1408947A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/28—Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
    • A61K9/2806—Coating materials
    • A61K9/2833—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/284—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone
    • A61K9/2846—Poly(meth)acrylates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A61K31/194—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having two or more carboxyl groups, e.g. succinic, maleic or phthalic acid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
    • A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
    • A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
    • A61K31/225—Polycarboxylic acids
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    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/1629—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/1652—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, cellulose derivatives; Cyclodextrin
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    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/205—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, gums; Cyclodextrin
    • A61K9/2059—Starch, including chemically or physically modified derivatives; Amylose; Amylopectin; Dextrin
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    • A61K9/4808—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate characterised by the form of the capsule or the structure of the filling; Capsules containing small tablets; Capsules with outer layer for immediate drug release
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    • A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
    • A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of one or more fumaric acid derivatives as NF-kappaB inhibitor. At the same time, the present invention relates to the use of the fumaric acid derivatives for the production of a pharmaceutical preparation for the treatment of NF-kappaB-controllable diseases.
  • NF-kappaB is a transcription factor of eukaryotic cells.
  • NF-kappaB belongs to the family of Rel proteins, a class of transcription factors that are characterized by a so-called Rel domain.
  • the Rel domain is named after the first member found as an oncogene in an avian virus.
  • Specific sites in this homologous Rel domain (RHD), which consists of 300 amino acids, are for the DNA binding to the kappaB sites, the dimerization with other proteins of the Rel family and the interaction with I-responsible.
  • NF-kappa-Bl pl05 / p50
  • NF-kappaB2 pl00 / p52
  • RelA ⁇ 65
  • RelB RelB
  • these five members of the Rel protein family can combine to form homo- and heterodimers in any form, although only a few specific combinations have been observed in vivo.
  • the classic and best characterized NF-kappaB molecule is a heterodimer of the p50 / p65 subunits NF-kappaB 1 / RelA. This heterodimer is the most common complex and can be found in practically all cell types.
  • the NF-kappaB heterodimer p50 / p65 migrates into the cell nucleus and binds there to the consensus sequence 5'-GGGRNNYYCC-3 '.
  • the p50 subunit mainly serves as a DNA-binding subunit, while the p65 subunit provides the transactivation function.
  • each of the heterodimers exhibits unique properties in terms of cell type specificity, DNA binding preferences, differential interactions with I-kappaB isoforms, differential activation requirements and the kinetics of activation.
  • the rapid inducibility of NF-kappaB is attributed to the fact that the factor is present in an inactive form in the cytoplasm of the cell, specifically in the complex bound to the NF-kappaB inhibitor I-kappaB. No new protein synthesis is therefore required for the activation, but only the solution of the complex with I-kappaB or the breakdown of this inhibitor and the subsequent translocation of the then active NF-kappaB dimer into the nucleus.
  • NF-kappaB can be activated by a wide variety of physiological and non-physiological stimuli. These include cytokines, mitogens, viruses, viral products, cross-linking of antigen receptors on T and B lymphocytes, calcium ionophores, phorbol esters, UV rays, oxidation stress, phosphatase inhibitors and others. Equally broad is the large number of genes regulated or activated by NF-kappaB, the transcription of which is activated, induced or enhanced by binding of the heterodimer to the consensus sequence as described above. TNF-Alpha, IL-1, IL-2 and lipopolysaccharides are particularly important stimulants.
  • the regulated genes generally comprise genes which are involved in the immune function, in the inflammation responses, in cell adhesion, cell growth and also cell death.
  • genes of cell adhesion molecules, cytokines, cytokine receptors, acute phase proteins, growth factors and also viral genes are to be mentioned here.
  • the genes which are induced by NF-kappaB include in particular the genes for interferon-beta, for the light chain of immunoglobulin, for the T cell receptor, for TNF-alpha and TNF-beta and for the tissue factor (CD 142) , formerly known as tissue thromboplastin or factor III.
  • NF-kappaB Due to its central position in the regulation of immune reactions and inflammatory responses, as well as its participation in the regulation of tissue factors, cytokines, etc., it has been assumed that the development of selective inhibitors for the transcription factor NF-kappaB expect similar advantages leaves, as they are already known from anti-inflammatory agents. Examples include steroidal anti-inflammatories, interferons, or cyclosporin.
  • NF-kappaB inhibiting activity.
  • This effect can preferably be used for the production of a pharmaceutical preparation which contains these fumaric acid derivatives individually or in a mixture for the therapy of NF-kappaB-mediated or influenceable diseases.
  • the diseases that can be influenced by NF-kappaB are progressive systemic scleroderma, osteochondritis syphilitica (Wegener's Disease), cutis marmorata, (Livedo Reticularis), Behcet disease, panarteritis, ulcerative colitis, vasculitis, etc.
  • one or more fumaric acid derivatives selected from the group consisting of fumaric acid dialkyl esters and fumaric acid monoalkyl esters in the form of the free acid or in salt form and mixtures thereof are preferably used according to the invention for NF-kappaB inhibition and for the preparation of the pharmaceutical preparation.
  • the fumaric acid dialkyl esters preferably correspond to the formula
  • Ri and R ⁇ which can each be the same or different, independently of one another represent a linear, branched, saturated or unsaturated C 24 alkyl radical or a C5-50 aryl radical and these radicals optionally with halogen (F, Cl, Br , I), hydroxy, -C 4 alkoxy, nitro or cyano are substituted.
  • the radicals Ri and R ⁇ are preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, cyclopentyl, 2-ethylhexyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, cycloheptyl, Octyl, vinyl, allyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-ode.f 3-hydroxypropyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, methoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl or 2- or 3-methoxypropyl.
  • the fumaric acid monoalkyl esters preferably correspond to the formula
  • R 1 is a radical as defined above;
  • the fumaric acid derivatives for producing the pharmaceutical preparation according to the invention are preferably used in such an amount that this pharmaceutical preparation contains, per dose unit, an amount of one or more fumaric acid derivative (s) in an amount of 1-500 mg, preferably 10-300 mg and most preferably corresponds to 10-200 mg of fumaric acid.
  • the pharmaceutical preparation is administered orally, parenterally, rectally, transdermally, dermally, nasally, pulmonally (inhalation) or ophthalmically (in the form of eye drops) are preferred, with oral administration being preferred.
  • the preparation is then in a form suitable for the particular administration.
  • a pharmaceutical preparation according to the invention is preferably in the form of single-unit-dose tablets, microtablets (multiple-unit-dose tablets) or mini-tablets, micropellets or granules, the microtablets, pellets or that Granules are possibly encapsulated or filled in sachets, capsules or drinking solutions.
  • these are provided with an enteric coating.
  • the coating can also be provided on the encapsulated or filled dosage forms.
  • parenteral administration via injection IV, IMSC, IP
  • the preparation is in a suitable form. All common liquid carriers suitable for injection can be used.
  • the pharmaceutical preparation according to the invention can preferably contain 10-500 mg of dialkyl fumarate, in particular dimethyl fumarate and / or diethyl fumarate, 10-500 mg of calcium alkyl fumarate, in particular calcium methyl fumarate and / or calcium ethyl fumarate, 0-250 mg of zinc alkyl fumarate, in particular zinc methyl fumarate and / or Zinc ethyl fumarate, 0-250 mg alkyl hydrogen fumarate, in particular methyl hydrogen fumarate and / or ethyl hydrogen fumarate and 0-250 mg magnesium alkyl fumarate, in particular magnesium methyl mmarat and / or magnesium ethyl fumarate, the sum of the stated amounts being an equivalent of 10 to 500 mg, preferably 10 to 300 mg and most preferably corresponds to 100 mg of fumaric acid.
  • Preferred preparations according to the invention contain only dimethyl fumarate in an amount of 10 to 300 mg.
  • the pharmaceutical preparation is in the form of microtablets or micropellets. These preferably have a size or an average diameter of ⁇ 5000 micrometers, preferably 300 to 2500 micrometers, in particular 300 to 1000 micrometers for pellets and 1000 to 2500 micrometers for micro-tablets.
  • microtablets preferably enteric-coated microtablets
  • enteric-coated microtablets are already distributed in the stomach and thus enter the intestine in portions, where the active ingredients are released in locally smaller doses at the same total dose.
  • This prevents local irritation of the intestinal epithelial cells, which results in the better gastrointestinal tolerance of the microtablets compared to conventional tablets.
  • the fumaric acid derivatives contained in the preparations according to the invention are produced, for example, in accordance with the process described in EP 0 312 679.
  • the oral preparations according to the invention can be produced in the form of tablets or microtablets using conventional tableting methods.
  • other methods for producing tablets can also be used, such as direct tableting, and processes for producing solid dispersions using the melting method and the spray drying method.
  • the tablets can be provided with enteric coatings.
  • the enteric coating can be poured on or sprayed on in a classic coating pan. However, the coating can also be carried out in a layered layer apparatus.
  • the tablet can also be provided with a film coat.
  • the entire powder mixture is mixed with the active ingredient, mixed, homogenised by means of a sieve 200 and processed with a 2% aqueous solution of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP, Kollidon ® 25) in the usual manner into a binder granulate and mixed in a dry state with the outer phase ,
  • PVP polyvinyl pyrrolidone
  • This consists of 2 kg of a so-called FST complex, containing 80% talc, 10% silica and 10% magnesium stearate.
  • the film coating is then applied.
  • This consists of a solution of Eudragit E ® 12.5% 4.8 kg, Talcum Ph.Eur.II 0.34 kg, titanium (V ⁇ ) oxide Cronus RN 56 ® 0.52 kg, color varnish ZLT-2 blue (Siegle) 0.21 kg and polyethylene glycol 6000 Ph. Helv. VII 0.12 kg in a solvent mixture of 8.2 kg 2-propanol Ph.Helv. VII, 0.06 kg glycerol triacetate (Triacetin ® ) and 0.2 kg Aqua demineralisata. After homogeneous distribution in the coating pan or fluidized bed, the mixture is dried and polished in the customary manner.
  • Triacetin ® Triacetin ®
  • the entire powder mixture is processed with a 2% aqueous solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone (Kollidon ® 25) in the usual manner into a binder granulate and mixed in the dry state with the outer phase.
  • This consists of 0.35 kg of colloidal silica (Aerosil ® ), 0.5 kg of magnesium stearate and 1.5 kg of talc Ph. Helv. VII.
  • the homogeneous mixture is then filled into appropriate capsules in 500.0 mg portions, which finally in the usual way with an enteric coating consisting of hydroxypropylethyl cellulose phatalate and castor oil as a plasticizer.
  • the filling can also take place in corresponding gastro-resistant capsules, consisting of a mixture of cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) and hydroxypropylethyl cellulose phthalate (HPMCP).
  • CAP cellulose acetate phthalate
  • HPMCP hydroxypropylethyl cellulose phthalate
  • the entire powder mixture is mixed with the active ingredient mixture and homogenized by means of a sieve 200 and processed with a 2% aqueous solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone (Kollidon K25) in the usual way to a binder granulate and mixed in a dry state with the outer phase. This consists of 0.5 kg magnesium stearate and 1.5 kg talc.
  • the powder mixture is then pressed in the usual way to curved micro-tablets of 10.0 mg gross mass and 2.0 mm in diameter.
  • other methods for producing tablets can also be used, such as direct tableting and solid dispersions using the melting method and the spray drying method.
  • the enteric coating can be poured on or sprayed on in a classic coating pan and applied in a fluidized bed apparatus.
  • a solution of 2.250 kg of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate (HPMCP, Pharmacoat HP 50) is dissolved in portions in a mixture of the following solvents: acetone 13 1, ethanol 94% by weight denatured with 2% ketone 13.5 1 and aqua demineralisata 2, 5 1. 0.240 kg of castor oil is added to the finished solution as a plasticizer and applied in portions to the tablet cores in the usual way.
  • Film coat After drying is complete, a suspension of the following composition is then applied as a film coat in the same apparatus: talc 0.340 kg, titanium (VI) oxide Cronus RN 56 0.4 kg, color varnish L-red varnish 86837 0.324 kg, Eudragit E 12.5 % 4.8 kg and polyethylene glycol 6000 pH 11 XI 0.12 kg in a solvent mixture of the following composition: 2-propanol 8.17 kg, aqua demineralisata 0.2 kg and glycerol tracetate (triacetine) 0.6 kg.
  • the enteric-coated micro-tablets are then filled into hard gelatin capsules of 500.0 mg net weight and sealed.
  • Example 4 The enteric-coated micro-tablets are then filled into hard gelatin capsules of 500.0 mg net weight and sealed.
  • the powder mixture is then pressed in the usual way into curved tablets of 10.0 mg gross mass and 2.0 mm in diameter.
  • HPMCP hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate
  • Pharmacoat® HP 50 hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate
  • acetone 13 1 ethanol (94% by weight denatured with 2% ketone) 13
  • 5 1 and Aqua demineralisata 1.5 1.
  • Castor oil (0.24 kg) is added to the finished solution as a plasticizer and applied in portions to the tablet cores in the usual way.
  • a suspension of the following composition is then applied as a film coat in the same apparatus: talc 0.34 kg, titanium (VI) oxide Cronus RN 56 0.4 kg, color varnish L-red varnish 86837 0.324 kg, Eudragit E 12, 5% 4.8 kg and polyethylene glycol 6000 pH 11 XI 0.12 kg in a solvent mixture of the following composition: 2-propanol 8.17 kg, aqua demineralisata 0.2 kg and glycerol triacetate (triacetin) 0.6 kg.
  • the enteric-coated micro-tablets are then filled into hard gelatin capsules with a net weight of 400 mg and sealed.
  • a solution of 0.94 Eudragit® L in isopropanol is then prepared, which also contains 0.07 kg of dibutyl phthalate. This solution is sprayed onto the tablet cores.
  • a dispersion of 17.32 kg of Eudragit® L D-55 and a mixture of 2.8 kg of microtalkum, 2 kg of Macrogol 6000 and 0.07 kg of Dimeticon is then prepared in water and sprayed onto the cores.
  • enteric-coated micro-tablets are then filled into hard gelatin capsules with a net weight of 650 mg and sealed.
  • NF-kappa-B (p65) was inserted into the vector pEGFP-Cl, which contained EGFP (green fluorescent protein) linked to a cytomegalovirus promoter (Clontech). This leads to the expression of a fluorescent NF-kappaB.
  • HUNEC cells were seeded between the third and fifth passages in 12-well gelatin-coated culture plates (Costar) and grown to 80 and 90% confluency, respectively. The cells were finally transfected using the calcium phosphate precipitation method. More specifically, the cells were conditioned with Dulbecco's modified Eagles medium (DMEM), the precipitate containing 1 ⁇ g DNA per well was added after 2 hours and the cells were incubated for a further 4 hours. After washing with HBSS (Hanks balanced salt solution), culture medium was added and the cells were allowed to grow for a further 18 hours before being stimulated.
  • DMEM Dulbecco's modified Eagles medium
  • the cells were conditioned with 40 ⁇ M / 1 dimethyl fumarate, whereby parallel batches without DNA served as a control. 2 hours after the start of conditioning, the cells were stimulated with 10 ng / ml TNF-alpha for the times given in Table 1.
  • the cells were then lysed, the supernatant discarded and the cell nuclei were collected in donut buffer with protease inhibitors (10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.6, 0.5 mM MgCl, 10 ⁇ g / ml leupeptin, 10 ⁇ g / ml aprotinin , 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, 1.8 mg / ml iodoacetamide). After centrifugation for 10 min. at 1200 g, 4 ° C, the cell nuclei were analyzed on a FACscanflow cytometer (Becton Dickinson).
  • protease inhibitors 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.6, 0.5 mM MgCl, 10 ⁇ g / ml leupeptin, 10 ⁇ g / ml aprotinin , 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, 1.8 mg
  • a triple repeat of the AP-1 consensus site (binding site) 48 bp, 3 x TGTGATGACTCAGGTT) and a triple repeat of the NF-kappa_B consensus site (60 bp, 3 x AATCGTGGAATTTCCTCTGA), flanked by Spel binding sites (not shown), were inserted into the Spel site of the pTK-UBT-luc vector (de Martin, Gene 124, 137-38, 1993).
  • HUVEC cells were transfected with the constructs thus obtained as described in Example 6. For the transfection, 2.5 ⁇ g of the respective promoter construct were added per well. In order to check the transfection efficiency, cotransfections with 500 ng of a pSV-beta galactosidase control vector (Promega Corp., Madison, WI, USA) were carried out in each experiment as a control. 2 days after transfection, the cells were stimulated for 2 hours with 10 ng / ml TNF-alpha with and without the addition of 6 ⁇ g / ml dimethyl fumarate (DMF). The cells were then harvested by trypsinization, pelletized, washed and in 200 ⁇ l "reporter lysis buffer" (Promega) for 15 min. resuspended according to the manufacturer's instructions.
  • a pSV-beta galactosidase control vector Promega Corp., Madison, WI, USA
  • Luciferase activity was measured on a Berthold AutoLumat LB9507 luminometer using the Luciferase test system (Promega). Beta-galactosidase activity was determined using the Promega beta-galactosidase enzyme assay system. The luciferase activities obtained with the respective promoter constructs were normalized to the beta-galactosidase activity. The range of variation in beta-galactosidase activity within the individual experiments was below 10%. Table 2 shows the respective results as x times compared to the baseline. Table 2: Increase in transcription

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Abstract

L'invention concerne l'utilisation d'un ou de plusieurs dérivés de l'acide fumarique comme inhibiteurs NF-kappaB. L'invention concerne également l'utilisation des dérivés de l'acide fumarique pour la fabrication d'une préparation pharmaceutique destinée au traitement d'affections pouvant être influencées par NF-kappaB.
EP02712806A 2001-01-12 2002-01-08 Derives de l'acide fumarique utilises comme inhibiteurs nf-kappab Withdrawn EP1408947A2 (fr)

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DE10101307A DE10101307A1 (de) 2001-01-12 2001-01-12 Fumarsäurederivate als NF-kappaB-Inhibitor
DE10101307 2001-01-12
PCT/EP2002/000108 WO2002055067A2 (fr) 2001-01-12 2002-01-08 Derives de l'acide fumarique utilises comme inhibiteurs nf-kappab

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BG107829A (bg) 2004-12-30
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YU55903A (sh) 2006-08-17
CN1520291A (zh) 2004-08-11
US20040054001A1 (en) 2004-03-18
ZA200305343B (en) 2004-08-17
DE10101307A1 (de) 2002-08-01
WO2002055066A1 (fr) 2002-07-18
US20080233185A1 (en) 2008-09-25
JP2009073854A (ja) 2009-04-09
WO2002055067A3 (fr) 2004-02-26
CZ20031918A3 (en) 2004-04-14
NO20031450L (no) 2003-09-12
BR0206381A (pt) 2004-08-03
CA2428075A1 (fr) 2002-07-18
NZ525148A (en) 2006-06-30
RU2282440C2 (ru) 2006-08-27
NO20031450D0 (no) 2003-03-28
AU2002244638B2 (en) 2005-05-05
HUP0302650A2 (hu) 2003-11-28
RU2003124751A (ru) 2005-01-10
WO2002055067A2 (fr) 2002-07-18
IL156849A0 (en) 2004-02-08

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