EP1414966A2 - Acide nucleique regulateur permettant l'expression d'un polynucleotide d'interet specifiquement dans l'endothelium d'une graine de plante, et ses applications. - Google Patents
Acide nucleique regulateur permettant l'expression d'un polynucleotide d'interet specifiquement dans l'endothelium d'une graine de plante, et ses applications.Info
- Publication number
- EP1414966A2 EP1414966A2 EP02772481A EP02772481A EP1414966A2 EP 1414966 A2 EP1414966 A2 EP 1414966A2 EP 02772481 A EP02772481 A EP 02772481A EP 02772481 A EP02772481 A EP 02772481A EP 1414966 A2 EP1414966 A2 EP 1414966A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nucleic acid
- plant
- polynucleotide
- nucleotide
- expression
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8216—Methods for controlling, regulating or enhancing expression of transgenes in plant cells
- C12N15/8222—Developmentally regulated expression systems, tissue, organ specific, temporal or spatial regulation
- C12N15/823—Reproductive tissue-specific promoters
- C12N15/8234—Seed-specific, e.g. embryo, endosperm
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/415—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
- C12N15/8261—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield
- C12N15/8287—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for fertility modification, e.g. apomixis
- C12N15/829—Female sterility
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of the controlled improvement of agronomic quality of various plants, including fruit plants and field crops. It relates to the targeted expression of polynucleotides and / or polypeptides of interest specifically in certain tissues of the plant, and more specifically in the endothelium and / or the albumen of a plant seed.
- Testa also known as seed coat, is an essential tissue for seed development and viability. When the seed is fully mature, the testa constitutes a protective layer of the internal parts of it. During the development of the seed, the testa is an import fabric of nutrients vital for the development of the embryo. The seed behaves like a “parasite” towards the mother plant, with regard to its nutrition. All raw nutrients necessary for seed growth must be imported from the mother plant. In the seeds of dicotyledonous plants, the vascular tissue enters the seed through the funiculus, then anastomoses in the testa tissue of the seed. There is no connection of vascular tissue between the testa of the seed and the embryo. Thus, all the nutrients released in the developing seed must first be imported into the testa, before being released by diffusion into the embryo.
- testa the integuments (testa) are involved in many aspects determining the quality of the seed, the most important of which are: - the nutrition of the embryo (Weber et al., 1996)
- the testa being a protective organ of the embryo from the seed, it may be desirable to affect its development in order to obtain plants that do not have fertile seeds or even plants devoid or practically devoid of seeds.
- Obtaining plants incapable of producing seeds is of considerable interest in the field of fruit plants. Indeed, fruits devoid of seeds have taste qualities superior to those observed for identical fruits in which the seeds are present.
- the seeds are often hard and have a bitter taste. In some cases, like grapes, eating the seeds can cause digestive upset.
- the natural cavities in which they are normally present are replaced by the edible tissue of the fruit, which makes a seedless fruit much more attractive to the consumer.
- the promoter of the FBP7 gene isolated from the petunia genome has been used to control the expression of the barnase gene in ova and in developing seeds (Colombo et al., 1997). By placing a marker gene under the control of the FBP7 promoter, these authors observed expression of the reporter gene in the testa of the developing seed except for the outer cell layer, as well as in the epidermis of the placenta.
- the promoter of the FBP7 gene is not specific to testa, since it is also active in the epidermis of the placenta.
- the applicant has sought to characterize new functional promoter sequences in a plant capable of directing the expression of one or more sequences of interest placed under control, specifically in the testa of the seed.
- a first object of the invention consists of a nucleic acid comprising regulatory signals allowing the expression of a polynucleotide of interest, specifically in the endothelium and / or the albumen of a plant seed, when this polynucleotide of interest is placed under the control of these regulatory signals, said nucleic acid having at least 80% nucleotide identity with the sequence SEQ ID No. 1, or with a fragment of at least 200 consecutive nucleotides of the sequence SEQ ID N ° 1.
- the invention also relates to an expression cassette comprising a polynucleotide of interest placed under the control of a nucleic acid as defined above, the polynucleotide of interest being chosen from a polynucleotide coding for a polypeptide and a sense or antisense polynucleotide.
- the invention also relates to a recombinant cloning and / or expression vector comprising a nucleic acid or an expression cassette as defined above, as well as to a host cell transformed by this nucleic acid or this cassette. expression.
- the subject of the invention is also the use of a nucleic acid, an expression cassette, a recombinant vector or a recombinant host cell as defined above for obtaining a plant. transformed.
- the invention also relates to methods for obtaining a plant transformed with a nucleic acid, an expression cassette, a recombinant vector or a transformed host cell as defined above, as well as to transformed plants. obtained according to these processes and to parts of these transformed plants, in particular fruits and seeds.
- a nucleic acid comprising regulatory signals allowing the expression of a polynucleotide of interest, specifically in the endothelium and / or the albumen of a plant seed, when this polynucleotide of interest is placed under the control of these regulatory signals, said nucleic acid having at least 80% nucleotide identity with the sequence SEQ ID No. 1, or with a fragment of at least 200 consecutive nucleotides of the sequence SEQ ID - -N ° 1. - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- the invention also relates to a nucleic acid of sequence complementary to the nucleic acid as defined above.
- any conventional technique of molecular biology, microbiology and recombinant DNA known to those skilled in the art can be used. Such techniques are described for example by Sambrook et al. (1989), Glover et al. (1985), Gait (1984), Hames and Higgins (1985) and Ausubel et al. (1994).
- a nucleic acid according to the invention is preferably presented in an isolated or purified form.
- isolated within the meaning of the present invention designates a biological material which has been removed from its original environment
- a naturally occurring polynucleotide in a plant is not isolated.
- the same polynucleotide separated from adjacent nucleic acids within from which it is naturally inserted into the genome of the plant is isolated.
- Such a polynucleotide may be included in a vector and / or such a polynucleotide may be included in a composition and nevertheless remain in an isolated state since the vector or the composition does not constitute its natural environment.
- purified does not require that the material be present in a form of absolute purity, exclusive of the presence of other compounds. Rather, it is a relative definition.
- a polynucleotide or a polypeptide is in the purified state after purification of the starting material or the natural material of at least one order of magnitude, preferably 2 or 3 and preferably four or five orders of magnitude.
- nucleotide sequence can be used to denote either a polynucleotide or a nucleic acid.
- nucleotide sequence encompasses the genetic material itself and is therefore not limited to information regarding its sequence.
- nucleic acid refers to any organic acid
- polynucleotide refers to any organic compound
- oligonucleotide or “nucleotide sequence” includes RNA, DNA, cDNA or hybrid sequences
- RNA / DNA of more than one nucleotide either in the single-stranded form or in the form of duplex.
- nucleotide refers to both natural nucleotides
- modified nucleotides which comprise at least one modification such as (i) a purine analog, (ii) a pyrimidine analog, or (iii) a sugar analog, such modified nucleotides being described for example in the application PCT N c WO
- a first polynucleotide is considered to be "complementary" to a second polynucleotide when each base of the first nucleotide is paired with the base complementary to the second polynucleotide whose orientation is reversed.
- the complementary bases are A and T (or A and U), and C and G.
- a first nucleic acid having at least 80% identity with a second reference nucleic acid will have at at least 80%, preferably at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99% or 99.5% of nucleotide identity with this second reference polynucleotide, the percentage of identity between two sequences being determined as described below.
- the "percentage of identity" between two nucleotide or amino acid sequences can be determined by comparing two optimally aligned sequences, through a comparison window.
- the part of the nucleotide or polypeptide sequence in the comparison window can thus include additions or deletions (for example "gaps") with respect to the reference sequence (which does not include these additions or these deletions) so as to obtain an optimal alignment of the two sequences.
- the percentage is calculated by determining the number of positions at which an identical nucleic base or amino acid residue is observed for the two sequences (nucleic or peptide) compared, then by dividing the number of positions at which there is identity between the two bases or amino acid residues by the total number of positions in the comparison window, then multiplying the result by one hundred to obtain the percentage of sequence identity.
- the optimal alignment of the sequences for the comparison can be carried out by computer using known algorithms.
- the percentage of sequence identity is determined using the BLAST software (BLAST version 2.06 of September 1998), using exclusively the default parameters.
- a nucleic acid having at least 80% nucleotide identity with a nucleic acid according to the invention includes the "variants" of a nucleic acid according to the invention.
- variant of a nucleic acid according to the invention is meant a nucleic acid which differs from the reference nucleic acid by one or more substitutions, additions or deletions of a nucleotide, relative to the nucleic acid of reference.
- a variant of a nucleic acid according to the invention can be of natural origin, such as an allelic variant which exists naturally. Such a variant nucleic acid may also be an unnatural nucleic acid obtained, for example, by mutagenesis techniques.
- the differences between the reference nucleic acid and the "variant" nucleic acid are reduced so that the reference nucleic acid and the variant nucleic acid have very similar nucleotide sequences and, in many regions , identical.
- a "Variant" of a regulatory nucleic acid according to the invention retains its ability to direct the expression of a polynucleotide of interest specifically in the endothelium and / or the albumen of a plant seed, if necessary. when this variant is associated with a regulatory sequence with a promoter function.
- a "variant" of a nucleic acid according to the invention including a nucleic acid having at least 80% identity in nucleotides with the sequence SEQ ID N ° 1 or with a fragment of at least 200 consecutive nucleotides of the sequence SEQ ID No. 1, a person skilled in the art can carry out tests for the specific expression of a reporter or marker gene described in the examples.
- fragment of a nucleic acid according to the invention is meant a nucleotide sequence of a reduced length compared to the reference nucleic acid, the nucleic acid fragment having a nucleotide sequence identical to the nucleotide sequence of the reference nucleic acid on the common part.
- Such fragments of a nucleic acid according to the invention have at least 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400, 500, 600 , 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 2000 or 2300 consecutive nucleotides of the reference nucleic acid, the maximum length in nucleotides of a fragment of a nucleic acid according to the invention being indeed understood to be limited by the maximum length in nucleotides of the reference nucleic acid.
- a "fragment" of a regulatory nucleic acid according to the invention comprises the polynucleotide defined by the sequence going from the nucleotide in position 2054 to the nucleotide in position 2335 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 1.
- a "fragment” comprises the polynucleotide defined by the sequence going from the nucleotide at position 2223 to the nucleotide at position 2228, of the sequence SEQ ID No. 1, which corresponds to the motif "CANNTG".
- variants and fragments of a regulatory nucleic acid according to the invention are “biologically active", because they retain their ability to direct (if they comprise a promoter sequence) or to modulate (for example modulate the activity of a promoter sequence placed nearby), the expression of a polynucleotide of interest, specifically in the endothelium, or in both the endothelium and the aleurone cell layer of a seed of plant, as can be verified by a person skilled in the art using the techniques described in the examples.
- nucleic acids comprising regulatory signals within the meaning of the invention, is meant a nucleic acid capable of influencing the expression characteristics of a polynucleotide of interest placed under the control of this regulatory nucleic acid, in l occurrence a nucleic acid whose sequence makes it possible to confer a specific expression of tissue, and more particularly capable of conferring a specific expression of the polynucleotide of interest in the endothelium and / or the albumen of a plant seed.
- Such a nucleic acid may comprise, in addition to regulatory signals allowing the expression of a polynucleotide of interest, specifically in the endothelium and / or the albumen of a plant seed, also a sequence with a promoter function. .
- a nucleic acid with a “promoter” function also designated “promoter” or even “promoter sequence”, consists of a nucleic acid which has the recognition patterns of RNA polymerase, and more specifically of a “TATA” box and a “CAAT” box, the structure of which is well known to those skilled in the art.
- nucleic acid of sequence SEQ ID N ° 1 comprises the regulatory signals necessary for expression of a polynucleotide of interest, specifically in the endothelium of a plant seed, the nucleic acid of sequence SEQ ID No. 1 also comprising a promoter sequence capable of initiating the transcription of a polynucleotide d interest under his control.
- SEQ ID No. 1 is the first regulatory nucleic acid capable of directing the expression of a polynucleotide of interest specifically in the endothelium of a plant seed. Such specificity of expression had not been observed with the regulatory sequences described by Fobert et al. (1994) or by Colombo et al. (1997) whose expression was not limited to the endothelium but extended to several cell types present in the seed testa.
- nucleic acid of sequence SEQ ID No 1 is capable of directing the expression d a polynucleotide of interest, for example the reporter gene GUS, optimally as soon as the ovum forms. Consequently, the nucleic acid of sequence SEQ ID No 1 or a fragment of at least 200 consecutive nucleotides of the sequence SEQ ID No. 1 as defined above, in addition to its specific activity of the endothelium also allows early expression, from the last stages of ovum development, of a polynucleotide of interest placed under its control.
- This characteristic of early temporal activity of the regulatory nucleic acid according to the invention makes it possible to express the polynucleotide of interest from the first stages of seed formation, for example to modify the composition or else to alter very early its development, which could not be envisaged with the promoter sequences described in the state of the art.
- the reporter gene GUS is shown according to the invention as regulatory signals to specifically direct the expression of a polynucleotide of interest in the seed endothelium, and where appropriate also in the aleurone layer of the albumen, were located on the 3 'side of the sequence SEQ ID No. 1.
- the nucleic acid of sequence SEQ ID No. 1 according to the invention has a length of 2376 nucleotides.
- each of these DNA constructs comprising a fragment of the nucleic acid ranging from the nucleotide in position 1 to the nucleotide in position 2335 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 1.
- the DNA constructs also include a promoter-functional nucleic acid.
- Expression cassettes were produced comprising a polynucleotide of interest coding for a reporter gene, the GUS gene, which was placed under the control of a regulatory nucleic acid as defined above, comprising both the tissue-specific regulatory signals and a promoter-functioning nucleic acid.
- results of the examples show that the regulatory signals necessary for tissue-specific transcription activity in the plant seed are included in the nucleic acid ranging from the nucleotide at position 2054 to the nucleotide at position 2335 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 1, which corresponds to the expression of the reporter gene obtained with the construction designated pBAN6.
- the regulatory nucleic acid present in the construction pBAN6 contains a "CANNTG" motif located from the nucleotide at position 2223 to the nucleotide at position 2228 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 1.
- the CANNTG motif constitutes a potential site for binding to transcription factors of the MYC type, as it results from the structural study of the nucleic acid regulating sequence SEQ ID No. 1 using an operating computer. information from the PLACE (Plant cis-acting Regulatory Elements) database data base; HIGO et al., 1999).
- the inventors believe that the CANNTG motif localized from the nucleotide at position 2223 to the nucleotide at position 2228 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 1 constitutes an important structural characteristic of the tissue-regulating nucleic acid. specific to the invention.
- preliminary results indicate the presence of a motif of binding of a transcription factor repressing expression in the albumen, this motif being located in a nucleotide region extending from the nucleotide at position 1919 to the nucleotide at position 2054 of the nucleic acid of sequence SEQ ID No. 1.
- the promoter-function nucleic acid contained in the nucleic acid of sequence SEQ ID No. 1 is entirely contained in the sequence going from the nucleotide at position 2054 to the nucleotide at position 2335 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 1.
- This sequence contains a “TATA” box located from the nucleotide in position 2306 to the nucleotide in position 2312 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 1.
- This promoter sequence also contains a “CAAT” box located from the nucleotide at position 2172 to the nucleotide at position 2180 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 1.
- the TATA box constitutes the promoter element proper, which is generally located at a distance of about 30 bases from the site of initiation of transcription.
- the CAAT box is a cis-acting element which is commonly found in the promoter and activator region ("enhancer").
- nucleic acid with a promoter function ranging from the nucleotide at position 2172 to the nucleotide at position 2312 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 1, as well as any “biologically active” fragment of this promoter nucleic acid and containing the CAAT and TATA boxes defined above constitutes another object of the present invention.
- nucleic acid comprising regulatory signals allowing the expression of a polynucleotide of interest, specifically in the endothelium and / or the albumen of a plant seed, when this polynucleotide of interest is placed under the control of these regulatory signals, said nucleic acid having at least 80% identity in nucleotides with the sequence SEQ ID No 1, or with a fragment of at least 250 consecutive nucleotides of the sequence SEQ ID No 1.
- such a regulatory nucleic acid will preferably comprise the CANNTG motif ranging from the nucleotide at position 2223 to the nucleotide at position 2228 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 1.
- such a nucleic acid is characterized in that it comprises a polynucleotide having at least 80% identity in nucleotides with the sequence going from the nucleotide in position 2273 to the nucleotide in position 2335 of the sequence SEQ ID # 1.
- a regulatory nucleic acid is included in particular in the construction pBAN ⁇ of the examples.
- the regulatory nucleic acid is characterized in that it comprises a polynucleotide having at least 80% identity in nucleotides with the sequence going from the nucleotide in position 2141 to the nucleotide in position 2335 of the sequence SEQ ID # 1.
- a regulatory nucleic acid is included in particular in the construction designated pBAN7 described in the examples.
- the regulatory nucleic acid is characterized in that it comprises a polynucleotide having at least 80% identity in nucleotides with the sequence going from the nucleotide in position 2054 to the nucleotide in position 2335 of the sequence SEQ ID # 1.
- a regulatory nucleic acid is in particular included in the construction pBAN6 described in the examples.
- the regulatory nucleic acid is characterized in that it comprises a polynucleotide having at least 80% identity in nucleotides with the sequence going from the nucleotide in position 1919 to the nucleotide in position 2335 of the sequence SEQ ID # 1.
- a regulatory nucleic acid is included in particular in the construction pBAN5 described in the examples.
- the regulatory nucleic acid is characterized in that it comprises a polynucleotide having at least 80% identity in nucleotides with the sequence going from the nucleotide in position 1510 to the nucleotide in position 2335 of the sequence SEQ ID # 1.
- Such a regulatory nucleic acid is in particular included in the construction pBAN4 described in the examples.
- the regulatory nucleic acid is characterized in that it comprises a polynucleotide having at least 80% identity in nucleotides with the sequence going from the nucleotide in position 101 1 to the nucleotide in position 2335 of the sequence SEQ ID N ° 1.
- a regulatory nucleic acid is included in the construction designated pBAN3 described in the examples.
- the regulatory nucleic acid is characterized in that it comprises a polynucleotide having at least 80% identity in nucleotides with the sequence going from the nucleotide in position 509 to the nucleotide in position 2335 of the sequence SEQ ID # 1.
- a regulatory nucleic acid is in particular included in the construction pBAN2 described in the examples.
- the regulatory nucleic acid is characterized in that it comprises a polynucleotide having at least 80% identity in nucleotides with the sequence going from the nucleotide in position 1 to the nucleotide in position 2335 of the sequence SEQ ID # 1.
- a regulatory nucleic acid is included in the construction designated pBAN1 described in the examples.
- Each of the above nucleic acids can also comprise the sequence going from the nucleotide at position 2336 to the nucleotide at position 2376 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 1.
- a regulatory nucleic acid comprising at least the sequence going from the nucleotide at position 1919 to the nucleotide at position 2335 of the sequence SEQ ID N ° 1.
- a shorter regulatory nucleic acid will preferably be used, for example example a regulatory nucleic acid comprising a sequence going from the nucleotide in position 2054 to the nucleotide in position 2335 of the sequence SEQ ID No 1, devoid of all or part of the sequence 1918-2053 of the sequence SEQ ID No 1.
- the present invention also relates to a nucleic acid whose sequence is complementary to the sequence of any one of the nucleic acids as defined above.
- a regulatory nucleic acid as defined above can comprise only the regulatory signals making it possible to modulate the expression of a polynucleotide of interest, specifically in the endothelium and / or the albumen of a plant seed, without include promoter-function nucleic acid.
- tissue-specific activity of a regulatory acid according to the invention are exploited by the introduction, into this regulatory nucleic acid, also of a nucleic acid with a promoter function, more specifically of a promoter-functional polynucleotide that is functional in a plant cell.
- this regulatory nucleic acid is characterized in that it further comprises a polynucleotide with promoter function which is functional in a plant cell.
- the promoter-functional polynucleotide is the nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide in position 2172, first nucleotide of the CAAT box, to the nucleotide in position 2312, last nucleotide of the “TATA” box of the sequence SEQ ID N ° 1 or a variant or a biologically active fragment of this sequence.
- a variant of the nucleic acid with a promoter function defined above comprises a nucleotide sequence having at least 80% identity with the sequence going from the nucleotide in position 2172 to the nucleotide in position 2312 of the sequence SEQ ID N ° 1 and is capable of directing the expression of a polynucleotide of interest in a plant cell.
- a variant includes the CAAT and TATA boxes defined previously in the present description.
- a such a nucleic acid fragment can also comprise the nucleotide sequence going from the nucleotide in position 2313 to the nucleotide in position 2376 of the nucleic acid of sequence SEQ ID No. 1.
- one of the objectives pursued by the present invention is to obtain a controlled expression of a polynucleotide of interest, specifically in the endothelium and / or the aleurone cell layer of the albumen of a plant seed, for example in situations where one seeks to: - modify the composition or the hormonal balance of the testa of the seed;
- the invention therefore also relates to a nucleic acid comprising a polynucleotide of interest placed under the control of a regulatory nucleic acid as defined above.
- a nucleic acid is also designated “expression cassette” for the purposes of the present description.
- the invention therefore also relates to an expression cassette comprising a polynucleotide of interest placed under the control of a regulatory nucleic acid as defined above.
- an expression cassette according to the invention is characterized in that the polynucleotide of interest codes for a polypeptide.
- the polynucleotide of interest codes for a polypeptide involved in the regulation of the tannin or fiber content of the seed or also for a polypeptide regulating the hormonal balance in the testa of the seed.
- the modulation of the metabolism of phenolic compounds can be conceived using a gene coding for transcription factors, for example of the Myc type (Damiani et al., 1999; Nesi et al., 2000) or of the Myb type (Grotewold et al. , 1998; Borevitz et al., 2000), as well as structural genes coding for enzymes of the biosynthetic pathway or for transporters (Debeaujon et al., 2001).
- the protein BAN (probably a leukocyanidine reductase according to Devic et al., 1999) is a key enzyme leading to the formation of tannins, it is likely that its suppression or over-expression lead to the absence and increase of tannins respectively, this without affecting the levels of other flavonoids; the suppression of CHS (chalcone synthase) leads to the absence of flavonoids; as for LDOX (leucocyanidine deoxygenase) and FLS (flavonol synthase) (Pelletier et al., 1997), their modulation should lead to increasing or suppressing anthocyanins and flavonols, respectively.
- CHS chalcone synthase
- FLS flavonol synthase
- lignin metabolism genes such as those encoding the enzymes F5H (ferulate-5-hydroxylase; Meyer et al., 1998; Franke et al., 2000), cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase and cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (Ralph et al., 1998) are candidates for modification of these compounds.
- Genes coding for enzymes of the cellulose biosynthetic pathway (Fagard et al., 2000) can be envisaged to modify this compound.
- the genes coding for testa invertases (Weber et al.,
- Manipulation of hormone biosynthesis genes to modify the structural characteristics of testa can also be conceived, in particular for gibberellins with GA1 (Sun and Kamiya, 1994), and the gene for GA-20-oxidase (Coles and al., 1999; Kang et al., 1999), for abscissic acid with ABA2 coding for zeaxanthin epoxidase (Marin et al., 1999), for ethylene with the enzyme ACC synthase (Gray et al., 1992), for brassinosteroids with DET2 coding for a steroid 5-alpha-reductase (Noguchi et al., 1999), for auxins with iaaM (Rotino et al., 1997), for cytokinins with ipt (Barry et al., 1984); see the review by Hedden and Phillips (2000) for more details.
- a polynucleotide of interest whose expression is toxic for the plant cell will be preferred, for example a polynucleotide coding for a polypeptide toxic to the plant cell, or a polynucleotide capable of specifically inhibiting or blocking the function of one or more genes involved in the development of the seed.
- the sequences coding for the following polypeptides will preferably be chosen:
- testa such as protease inhibitors for protection against insects (Jouanin et al., 2000), or cellular toxins such as barnase (Colombo et al., 1997; Varoquaux et al., 2000) or diphtheria toxin A (Czaco et al., 1992) to reduce the size of the seed (Koltunow and Brennan, 1998; Koltunow et al., 1998) or to perform genetic ablation of the seed and therefore obtaining fruit without seeds.
- protease inhibitors for protection against insects
- cellular toxins such as barnase (Colombo et al., 1997; Varoquaux et al., 2000) or diphtheria toxin A (Czaco et al., 1992)
- Kunco et al., 1992 diphtheria toxin A
- the polynucleotide of interest whose expression is toxic to the plant cell can be a sense or antisense polynucleotide capable of inhibiting or blocking respectively the transcription or the translation of a gene required for normal development of the seed, and preferably of a gene required for the normal development of the testa of the seed, especially the testa.
- an antisense polynucleotide according to the invention hybrid, within the cell, specifically with a region of the target gene comprising the site of initiation of transcription and / or with a sequence important for the correct splicing of RNA messenger.
- an antisense polynucleotide according to the invention is a nucleic acid complementary to the messenger RNA constituting the transcript of the target gene and comprising the site of initiation of the translation.
- an antisense polynucleotide can be the DNA complementary to the messenger RNA of the targeted gene.
- the polynucleotide of interest which is placed under the control of a regulatory nucleic acid according to the invention, codes for a polypeptide consisting of a fusion protein between a glucocorticoid receptor and the protein GAL-4.
- the invention also relates to recombinant cloning and / or expression vectors comprising a regulatory nucleic acid or an expression cassette as defined above.
- Another subject of the invention therefore consists of recombinant vectors into which a regulatory nucleic acid according to the invention has been inserted, comprising regulatory signals allowing the expression of a polynucleotide of interest, specifically in the endothelium and / or the albumen of a plant seed, when this polynucleotide of interest is placed under its control, said nucleic acid having at least 80% nucleotide identity with the sequence SEQ ID No. 1, or with a fragment at least 250 consecutive nucleotides of the sequence SEQ ID No. 1.
- a recombinant cloning and / or expression vector comprises an expression cassette comprising a polynucleotide of interest placed under the control of a regulatory nucleic acid as defined above.
- recombinant vectors for the expression of a polynucleotide of interest in the endothelium and / or the albumen of a plant seed comprising: a) a regulatory nucleic acid as defined in this description; and b) a polynucleotide of interest placed under the control of the regulatory nucleic acid defined in a).
- the polynucleotide of interest can consist of a polynucleotide coding for a detectable polypeptide, or marker polypeptide such as for example a polypeptide coding for the GUS protein or also for a fluorescent protein, such as the GFP (Green fluorescent protein) or YFP (Yellow fluorescent protein).
- marker polypeptide such as for example a polypeptide coding for the GUS protein or also for a fluorescent protein, such as the GFP (Green fluorescent protein) or YFP (Yellow fluorescent protein).
- the polynucleotide of interest encodes a polypeptide involved in the regulation of tannin or fiber content of the seed, or a polypeptide regulating hormonal balance in the testa of grain.
- the polynucleotide of interest can also be a polynucleotide whose expression is toxic to the plant cell, as defined previously in the present description.
- a recombinant vector according to the invention corresponding to the above definition is the vector pBAN1 :: GUS / pBIB-Hyg contained in the strain of E. coli deposited at the CNCM on July 17, 2001 under the access number I-2703 .
- vectors meeting the general definition of a recombinant vector according to the invention are respectively the vectors pBAN2 :: GUS, pBAN3 :: GUS, pBAN4 :: GUS, pBAN5 :: GUS, pBAN6: GUS pBAN7: GUS and PBAN8 : GUS illustrated in the examples.
- the vector pBAN1 :: GUS comprises all of the regulatory nucleic acid with sequence SEQ ID No. 1.
- the vector pBAN2 comprises the regulatory nucleic acid going from the nucleotide in position 509 to the nucleotide in position 2376 of the sequence SEQ ID N ° 1, that is to say the nucleic acid SEQ ID N ° 14 .
- the vector pBAN3 comprises the sequence going from the nucleotide at position 1011 to the nucleotide at position 2376 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 1, that is to say the nucleic acid SEQ ID No. 13.
- the vector pBAN4 comprises the regulatory nucleic acid ranging from the nucleotide at position 1510 to the nucleotide at position 2376 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 1, that is to say the nucleic acid SEQ ID No. 12.
- the vector pBAN5 comprises a regulatory nucleic acid ranging from the nucleotide at position 1919 to the nucleotide at position 2376 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 1, that is to say the nucleic acid SEQ ID No. 1 1.
- the vector pBAN6 comprises a regulatory nucleic acid ranging from the nucleotide in position 2054 to the nucleotide in position 2376 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 1, that is to say the nucleic acid SEQ ID No. 10.
- the vector pBAN7 comprises a regulatory nucleic acid ranging from the nucleotide at position 2141 to the nucleotide at position 2376 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 1, that is to say the nucleic acid SEQ ID No. 9.
- the vector pBAN ⁇ :: GUS comprises a regulatory nucleic acid ranging from the nucleotide at position 2273 to the nucleotide at position 2376 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 1, that is to say the nucleic acid SEQ ID No. 8.
- the nucleic acid of sequence SEQ ID No 1 can be amplified using the primers of sequences SEQ ID No 15 and SEQ ID No 23.
- the nucleic acid of sequence SEQ ID No. 14 can be amplified using the primers of sequences SEQ ID No. 16 and SEQ ID No. 23.
- the nucleic acid of sequence SEQ ID No 13 can be amplified using the primers of sequences SEQ ID No 17 and SEQ ID No 23.
- the nucleic acid of sequence SEQ ID No 12 can be amplified using the primers of sequences SEQ ID No 18 and SEQ ID No 23.
- the nucleic acid of sequence SEQ ID No 11 can be amplified using the primers of sequences SEQ ID No 19 and SEQ ID No 23.
- the nucleic acid of sequence SEQ ID No 10 can be amplified using the primers of sequences SEQ ID No 20 and SEQ ID No 23.
- the nucleic acid of sequence SEQ ID No 9 can be amplified using the primers of sequences SEQ ID No 21 and SEQ ID No 23.
- the nucleic acid of sequence SEQ ID No. 8 can be amplified using the primers of sequences SEQ ID No. 22 and SEQ ID No. 23.
- vector in the sense of the present invention, is meant a circular or linear DNA or RNA molecule which is either in single strand or double strand form.
- a recombinant vector according to the invention is either a cloning vector, an expression vector, or more specifically a insertion vector, a transformation vector or an integration vector.
- It can be a vector of bacterial or viral origin.
- a recombinant vector according to the invention is used in order to amplify the nucleic acid which is inserted therein after transformation or transfection of the desired cellular host.
- a recombinant vector according to the invention is used to express a polynucleotide of interest, specifically in the endothelium and / or the albumen of a plant seed, and in this case specifically in the layer cell aleurone from the albumen of the plant seed.
- a recombinant vector according to the invention advantageously also comprises sequences for initiating and stopping the appropriate transcription.
- the recombinant vectors according to the invention may include one or more origins of functional replication in cellular hosts in which their amplification or expression is sought, as well as nucleotide selection marker sequences.
- a recombinant vector according to the invention is an integrative vector allowing the insertion of multiple copies of the DNA sequence inserted in this vector into the genome of a plant, the transformation of which by a nucleic acid according to l invention is sought.
- the recombinant vector, or in other cases the expression cassette contained in this vector can also contain 5 'untranslated sequences called "leaders". Such sequences can increase translation.
- the vectors according to the invention can also comprise so-called "terminator" sequences.
- terminators which can be used in the constructions of the invention, there may be mentioned in particular:
- the expression vector may also include sequences of the vacuolar or apoplastic signal peptide type when they are not already present in the sequence of the gene of interest, in order to bring the protein encoded by the heterologous gene into particular compartments of the cells of plant, in particular those comprising the albumen transfer zone.
- the preferred bacterial vectors according to the invention are for example the vectors pBR322 (ATCC No. 37 017) or also the vectors such as pAA223-3 (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden) and pGEM1 (Promega Biotech, Madison, Wl, United States ).
- vectors specially adapted for the expression of sequence of interest in plant cells such as the following vectors:
- the regulatory nucleic acids, the expression cassettes or also the recombinant vectors defined in the present description must be introduced. in a host cell.
- the introduction of the polynucleotides according to the invention into a host cell can be carried out in vitro, according to the techniques well known to those skilled in the art for transforming or transfecting cells, either in primary culture or in the form of cell lines.
- the subject of the invention is also a host cell transformed with a regulatory nucleic acid, with an expression cassette or also with a recombinant vector as defined above.
- Such a transformed host cell is preferably of bacterial, fungal or vegetable origin.
- bacteria cells of different strains of Escherichia coli or of Agrobacterium tumefaciens can in particular be used.
- the transformed host cell is a plant cell or also a plant protoplast.
- the transformed host solution is of plant origin and is chosen from cells of plant species such as Solanacea, Cactaceae, Cucurbitacea, Papillionacea, Actinidiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Rubiaceae, Moraceae, Passif loraceae, Compositae, Caricaceae, E ⁇ caceae, Gramineae, Cruciferae, Cariofillaceae, Amarylidiaceae, Iridaceae, Leguminosae, Liliaceae, Oleaceae, Paeoniaceae, Papaveraceae, Primulaceae, Rosaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Violaceae, Vitaceae, Malvaceae.
- plant species such as Solanacea, Cactaceae, Cucurbitacea, Papillionacea, Actinidiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Rubiaceae, Moraceae, Passif loraceae, Compositae, Caricacea
- a host cell transformed according to the invention is the Escherichia coli strain containing the plasmid pBAN1 :: GUS / pBIB-Hyg deposited at the CNCM on July 17, 2001 under the access number I-2703.
- Other preferred transformed host cells according to the invention are respectively host cells transformed with the vectors pBAN2 :: GUS, PBAN3 :: GUS, pBAN4 :: GUS, pBAN5 :: GUS, pBAN6 :: GUS pBAN7: GUS and pBAN8: GUS illustrated in the examples.
- the invention also relates to a transformed multicellular plant organism, characterized in that it comprises a transformed host cell or a plurality of host cells transformed by a nucleic acid, an expression cassette or also by a recombinant vector as defined above. above.
- the invention also relates to a transgenic plant comprising, in a form integrated into its genome, a nucleic acid or an expression cassette as defined in the present description.
- the invention also relates to the use of a regulatory nucleic acid, an expression cassette, a recombinant vector or also a host cell as defined above for the obtaining a transformed plant.
- a regulatory nucleic acid in which the expression of the regulatory polynucleotide placed under the control of a nucleic acid according to the invention is toxic for the cell, the transformed plant does not produce mature seeds , or either produces seeds of reduced size, or produces a reduced number of grains or is characterized by the total absence of seeds, particularly the total absence of mature and / or fertile seeds.
- a first objective pursued according to the present invention is the obtaining of transgenic or transformed plants whose mature seed has improved characteristics, in particular from the point of view of the quality or the quantity of tannins or fibers or even hormonal balances.
- a second objective pursued according to the invention is the obtaining of transgenic or transformed plants affected in the development of the testa of the seed.
- transgenic or transformed plants whose seeds contain reduced contents of tannins or anthocyanins compared to normal.
- Such an objective will be pursued more particularly with regard to obtaining transgenic or transformed rapeseed or maize plants having the above characteristics, and the seeds of which are of a more intense yellow color than normal.
- the polynucleotide of interest placed under the control of a regulatory nucleic acid according to the invention will be chosen in such a way that it modifies the nutritional and / or hormonal quality of the testa de la seed.
- the polynucleotide of interest will be chosen in such a way that its expression is toxic to the endothelium cell in which it is expressed.
- the regulatory nucleic acids and the expression cassettes are those described previously in the description.
- a regulatory nucleic acid preferably comprising a polynucleotide having at least 80% nucleotide identity with the sequence going from the nucleotide at position 1919 will be chosen. up to the nucleotide at position 2335 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 1, as is the case for example for the regulatory nucleic acids contained in the vectors pBAN1 :: GUS, pBAN2 :: GUS, pBAN3 :: GUS, pBAN4: : GUS and pBAN5 :: GUS.
- a regulatory nucleic acid preferably comprising a polynucleotide having at least 80% identity is chosen. nucleotides with the sequence going from the nucleotide at position 2054 to the nucleotide at position 2335 of the sequence SEQ ID No. 1, as is the case for the regulatory nucleic acid contained in the vector pBAN6 :: GUS.
- the invention also relates to any part of a transformed plant as defined in the present description, including its seeds and its fruits.
- the plants transformed according to the invention preferably belong to the species which have already been listed above concerning the origin of the transformed plant host cells of the invention.
- the plants transformed according to the invention are chosen from eggplant, tomato, melon or watermelon, cucumber, species of the citrus type, pepper, strawberries, grapes , apples, pears, cherries, rapeseed, cabbage, pepper or olives.
- the plants can be either dicots or monocots.
- the subject of the invention is also a process for obtaining transformed plants, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) obtaining a recombinant plant host cell according to the invention; b) regeneration of an entire plant from the recombinant host cell obtained in step a); c) selection of the plants obtained in step b) having integrated a nucleic acid or an expression cassette as defined in the present description.
- the subject of the invention is also a process for obtaining a transformed plant, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) obtaining a recombinant host cell of Agrobacterium tumefaciens according to the invention; b) transformation of a plant of interest by infection with the recombinant host cells of Agrobacterium tumefaciens obtained in step a); c) selection of plants having integrated into their genome a nucleic acid or an expression cassette as defined in the present description.
- Another subject of the invention is a process for obtaining a transformed plant, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) transfecting at least one plant cell with a nucleic acid, with an expression cassette or with a recombinant vector according to the invention; b) regenerating an entire plant from the recombinant plant cell obtained in step a); c) selecting the plants which have integrated into their genome a nucleic acid or an expression cassette according to the invention.
- any of the processes for obtaining a transformed plant described above can also comprise the following additional steps: d) crossing between them of two transformed plants as obtained in step c) with a plant of the same species; e) selection of plants homozygous for the transgene.
- any of the methods for obtaining a transgenic plant described above can also comprise the following additional steps: f) crossing of a transformed plant obtained in step c) with a plant of the same species; g) selection of the plants resulting from the crossing of step f) having conserved the transgene.
- Another subject of the invention consists of a transformed or transgenic plant as obtained according to any one of the methods for obtaining a plant defined above.
- the subject of the invention is also a transformed plant, capable of being obtained by any of the methods described above.
- the transformation of plant cells can be carried out by techniques known to those skilled in the art. Mention may in particular be made of direct gene transfer methods such as direct microinjection into plant embryoids (NEUHAUS et al., 1987), vacuum infiltration (BECHTOLD et al., 1993) or electroporation (CHUPEAU and al., 1989) or direct precipitation using PEG (SCHOCHER et al., 1986) or bombardment by cannon of particles covered with the plasmid DNA of interest (FROMM et al. 1990).
- direct gene transfer methods such as direct microinjection into plant embryoids (NEUHAUS et al., 1987), vacuum infiltration (BECHTOLD et al., 1993) or electroporation (CHUPEAU and al., 1989) or direct precipitation using PEG (SCHOCHER et al., 1986) or bombardment by cannon of particles covered with the plasmid DNA of interest (FROMM et al. 1990).
- the plant can also be infected with a bacterial strain, notably Agrobacterium.
- the plant cells are transformed by a vector according to the invention, said cell host being capable of infecting said plant cells by allowing the integration into the genome of these latter, sequences nucleotides of interest initially contained in the DNA of the above-mentioned vector.
- the above-mentioned cell host used is Agrobacterium tumefaciens, in particular according to the method described in the article by Ha and AN (1989), or else Agrobacterium rhizogenes, in particular according to the method described in the article by GUERCHE et al., (1987) or also in PCT application No. WO 00 22,148.
- the transformation of plant cells can be carried out by the transfer of the T region of the extra-chromosomal circular plasmid inducing Ti tumors of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, using a binary system (WATSON et al. 1994). To do this, two vectors are constructed. In one of these vectors, the T region was deleted, with the exception of the right and left borders, a marker gene being inserted between them to allow selection in plant cells.
- the other partner of the binary system is a helper Ti plasmid, a modified plasmid which no longer has a T region but still contains the vir virulence genes, necessary for the transformation of the plant cell.
- ISHIDA et al. Can be used. (1996) for the transformation of Monocotyledons.
- the transformation is carried out according to the method described by FINER et al. (1992) using the tungsten or gold particle gun.
- a person skilled in the art is capable of implementing numerous methods of the state of the art in order to obtain plants transformed with a regulatory nucleic acid or an expression cassette according to the invention.
- a transgenic plant according to the invention can be obtained by biolistic techniques such as those described by FINER et al. (1992) or those described by VAIN et al. (1993).
- Other preferred techniques for transforming a plant in accordance with the invention with Agrobacterium tumefaciens are those described by ISHIDA et al. (1996) or in the PCT application published under the number WO 95/06 722 in the name of JAPAN TOBACCO.
- the subject of the invention is also a plant seed whose constituent cells comprise a regulatory nucleic acid or an expression cassette according to the invention, which has been artificially inserted into its genome.
- the invention also relates to a seed of a transgenic plant as defined above or also a fruit of such a transgenic plant.
- Another subject of the invention consists in the use of a regulatory nucleic acid as defined in the present description for the expression in vitro or in vivo, preferably in planta, of a polynucleotide of interest, preferably a polynucleotide whose expression is toxic to the plant cell.
- the invention also relates to a transformed plant affected in the development of these seeds, capable of being obtained by any of the above methods, as well as any part of this transformed plant, including these fruits.
- FIG. 1 represents a diagram of the different nucleotide constructs or “expression cassettes” respectively containing all or part of the regulatory nucleic acid with sequence SEQ ID No. 1 and a reporter gene placed downstream of the regulatory nucleic acid, the GUS reporter gene.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the principle of determination of the oligonucleotides used for the amplification of the deletions, FIG. 2 more particularly illustrating the construction of the vector pBAN1 :: GUS.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the temporal expression profile of the BAN gene (RT-PCR and GUS expression), compared with the activity of the GUS gene placed under the control of p BAN1.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the construction of the vector pBAN :: GUS
- FIG. 5 illustrates the protocol for construction of the vector pBan :: Gus / pBIB-HYG.
- Figure 6 illustrates the expression profile of the GUS reporter gene placed under the control of the pBAN1 promoter.
- Figure 8 illustrates the construction of the vector pBAN1 :: barnase- barstar / pBIB-HYG
- Figure 9 illustrates the genetic ablation of the endothelium by the barnase gene placed under the control of the pBAN1 promoter.
- A Nomarski of immature seed of a transformant pBAN1 :: Barnase revealing the absence of endothelium (compare with the situation in wild seeds, in FIG.
- B detection of tannins in the endothelium of a wild plant, by the “vanillin” test coloring the tannins in dark red (arrow);
- C “vanillin” test on immature seeds of a transformant pBAN1 :: Bamase revealing the absence of tannins;
- D and E mature seeds of wild plants (brown seeds) and of transformant pBAN1 "Barnase (brown seeds) and of transformant p BAN1" Barnase (yellow seeds); the location of the endothelium in the wild.
- Escherichia coli DH12S (GibcoBRL).
- This cloning vector contains an ampicillin resistance gene and a multiple cloning site located in the LacZ gene, allowing white / blue selection of transformed / unprocessed colonies.
- This vector includes the barnase gene under the control of the maize AG promoter as well as the gene coding for Barstar placed under the control of a bacterial promoter to allow the growth of bacteria.
- This binary vector comprises, in addition to a multicloning site, a gene for resistance to hygromycin (HYG) with expression in planta (BECKER, 1990).
- HOG hygromycin
- the seeds are previously disinfected by soaking for 30 min in an alcoholic solution containing 1% of active chlorine, followed by 3 successive rinses in 96% alcohol.
- the semi is then carried out in Petri dishes on mineral medium from GAMBORG et al. (1968) supplemented with 1% sucrose and 0.8% agar (Bio Mérieux).
- An antibiotic varying according to the in plant resistance carried by the binary vector (kanamycin or hygromycin at a concentration of 50 mg. 1 "1 ) is added for the selection of transformants.
- the seeds are subjected to a cold treatment (3 days to 4 ° C) to break the dormancy and homogenize the emergence before being incubated in an air-conditioned culture chamber (60% relative humidity, 16 h of light at 20 ° C / 8 h of darkness at 15 ° C, light intensity 200-250 ⁇ Em “2 ; s " 1 at the boxes).
- the mini-preparations for rapid verification of the bacterial clones are carried out according to the alkaline lysis method (Birnboim and Doly, 1979).
- RNAs The extraction of total RNAs was carried out using the “RNeasy Plant Mini Kit” (Qiagen) supplemented by a treatment with Dnase according to the protocol of the kit “RNase-Free Dnase Set” (Qiagen).
- the 5 'deletions of the BAN promoter were obtained by PCR from the DNA of BAC T13M11 (Accession AC005882). Approximately 150 ng of DNA served as template for the amplification, in the presence of 10 ⁇ l of Pfu 10X buffer, 2 ⁇ l of 5 mM dNTPs, 2 ⁇ l of each of the oligos specific for 10 picoM (Table 2), 0.8 ⁇ l (2 units ) of Pfu TURBO DNA polymerase (Stratagene) and sterile double-distilled water, qs 40 ⁇ l.
- the sequencing was carried out by the JANGER method using an ABI sequencing device Company Applied BIOSYSTEMS, Inc.
- Electrocompetent bacteria (Sambrook et al., 1989) are electroporated in the presence of 10 ⁇ l of ligation product. The latter is previously desalted by diafiltration on a 0.025 ⁇ m membrane (SCHLEICHER and SCHUELL). The electroporation is carried out at a voltage of 1.25 kV applied for a period which is a function of the resistance and the capacity (200 ⁇ and 25 ⁇ F, respectively of the circuit of the electroporator of the Gene Incer II System type, marketed by the Bio-Rad Company) ..
- Single-stranded cDNAs are synthesized from 1 ⁇ g of total RNAs in a volume of 20 ⁇ l containing 20 mM Tris-HCI (pH 8; 4), 50 mM Kcl, 2.5 mM MgCI 2 , 10 mM DIT, 1 mM dNTPs , 500 ng oligo (dT) 12- 18 (GibcoBRL), 25 units of RNase Out (GibcoBRL) and 200 units of MMLV SuperScript II reverse transcriptase (GibcoBRL) for 50 min. at 42 ° C.
- Two ⁇ l of the 10-fold single-stranded cDNA solution was used for the PCR reaction carried out in a total volume of 50 ⁇ l in the presence of 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.4), 50 mM Kcl, 1.5 mM MgCI 2 , 0.2 mM dNTPs, 0.2 ⁇ M of each gene-specific oligo and 1 unit of Taq DNA polymerase (GibcoBRL).
- the ban-sense gene-specific oligos (5'-AACAACTAAATCTCTATCTCTGTA-3 'SEQ ID N ° 2) and banantisens (5'-GAATGAGACCAAAGACTCATATAC-3' SEQ ID N ° 3) (Devic et al., 1999) allow d amplify a band of 1.2 kb in the cDNA of BAN and 1.5 kb in the genomic DNA.
- the gene-specific oligos GBGe306-sense (5'-ACCAGGAGGTTTTCAAAGAC-3 'SEQ ID N ° 4) and GBGe306-antisense (5'-CAACATAACTTGCTCTGTTC-3'SEQ ID N ° 5) amplify a band of 0.9 kg in l CDNA of GBGe306, and 1.1 kb in genomic DNA.
- the EF1 A4 gene encoding an elongation factor (GenBankX16432; Liboz et al., 1990) was used as a positive control.
- the gene-specific oligos EF-sense (5'- ATGCCCCAGGACATCGTGATTTCAT-3 'SEQ ID N ° 6) and EF-antisense (5'TTGGCGGCACCCTTAGCTGGATCA-3'SEQ ID N ° 7) amplify a band of 0.7 kb in the EF1 A4 cDNA, and 0.9 kb in genomic DNA.
- EF-sense 5'- ATGCCCCAGGACATCGTGATTTCAT-3 'SEQ ID N ° 6
- EF-antisense 5'TTGGCGGCACCCTTAGCTGGATCA-3'SEQ ID N ° 7
- the amplified samples are separated on 1% agarose gel (w / v) in TAE buffer and are then transferred to a GeneScreen Plus nylon membrane (NEN, USA) positively charged according to the method recommended by Sambrook et al. (1989).
- NNN GeneScreen Plus nylon membrane
- the membrane is hybridized at 65 ° C overnight in the same buffer to which is added the ad hoc cDNA probe obtained using the oligos presented above and labeled with ( 32 P) - dCTP using the “Prime-a-Gene Labeling System” kit (Promega).
- the membrane is then washed for 15 minutes at 65 ° C in LAVI buffer (2 X SSC, 0.5% sarkosyl, 0.2% Na 4 P 2 0 7 , 10 H 2 O) dried and wrapped in cling film (Saran) and then placed at -80 ° C in contact with a photographic film (Hyperfilm MPO, Amersham, GB) under amplifier screen (Amersham).
- LAVI buffer 2 X SSC, 0.5% sarkosyl, 0.2% Na 4 P 2 0 7 , 10 H 2 O
- the GUS staining protocol (Jefferson et al., 1987) consists in incubating plant fragments in a sterile buffer containing 100 mM of phosphate buffer pH 7.2 (Sambrook et al., 1989), 10 mM Na 2 - EDTA, 0.1% Triton X-100, 2 mM X-Gluc (Duchefa) and 2.5 mM ferricyanide and ferrocyanide. Incubation takes place in the dark at 37 ° C overnight.
- the plant organs are incubated for a few minutes in a cell lightening solution, composed of chloral hydrate / glycerol / water (8/1/2, w / v / v) on a microscope slide, before being observed. under coverslip using a microscope equipped with Nomarski-type differential interference contrast optics.
- the “vanillin” test for the detection of tannins in tissues is carried out according to the method of Aastrup et al. (1984).
- EXAMPLE 1 Construction of several expression cassettes comprising a polynucleotide coding for the GUS polypeptide. placed under the control of a regulatory nucleic acid according to the invention.
- - Zone I (415 bp) comprises the 5 'untranslated transcribed region of the BAN gene and the sensu stricto promoter of BAN, as well as the 3' untranslated transcribed region of GBGe306;
- - zone II (908 bp) corresponds to the genomic region covered by the GBGe306 transcript;
- Zone III (1323 bp) comprises the 5 'untranslated transcribed region of GBGe306, the promoter sensu stricto of this gene as well as an indefinite intergenic zone.
- This precut is to analyze the contribution of the region upstream of the sensu stricto promoter on the expression of a polynucleotide of interest, more specifically the polynucleotide coding for the GUS polypeptide.
- Each zone is also subdivided into 4 (zone I) or 2 parts
- zones II and III The objective of this subdivision is to facilitate the detection of functional patterns governing the specificities of developmental expression (tissue and time) as well as the response to environmental stimuli such as light, temperature, etc.
- Each deletion is amplified by PCR from the vector BAC T13M11 containing an insert of genomic DNA from Arabidopsis thaliana, Columbia ecotype.
- oligonucleotides determined as follows, illustrated in FIG. 2:
- - 5 'oligo they are specific to the deletion and are modified by the addition of a Salll restriction site preceded by 3 security bases.
- - 3 'oligo it is common to all deletions. The creation of an Ncol site by modification of the original sequence allows the translational fusion of the deletion and of the reporter gene.
- the amplification products were then cloned with free edges in the vector pBS-SK at Smal or EcorV sites to be completely sequenced.
- the cloning of the promoters is carried out in a subcloning vector presenting a cassette rapporteu ⁇ .terminateur. Then the promoter :: reporter :: terminator cassette is transferred into a binary vector.
- the reporter chose the GUS gene, the product of which is very stable and can accumulate in the tissues, making it possible to detect very weak activities over time.
- the binary vector pBIB-HYG (Becker, 1990) containing resistance to hygromycin was used.
- the vector map pBIB-HYG is shown in Figure 5.
- the construction protocol of the pBAN :: GUS vectors pBIB-HYG is represented in FIG. 5.
- the protocol for constructing the vector pBAN1-GFP5 / pBIB-HYG is shown in FIG. 6.
- the expression cassettes in binary vectors are introduced into plants of Arabidopsis ecotype Ws (T 0 , infiltrated plant) by the Silwet infiltration method developed by Clough and Bent
- the seeds of the transformed plants are harvested in bulk, sterilized and sown on a nutritive medium with hygromycin. Obtaining T1 seedlings (primary transformants) with pods requires an average of 3.5 to 4 months.
- the GUS staining observations detailed below relate to Arabidopsis transformants expressing the constructions pBAN1 :: GUS, pBAN2 :: GUS, pBAN3 :: GUS, pBAN5 :: GUS and pBAN6 :: GUS. Five independent transformants were studied by built. The transformants containing the constructions pBAN4 :: GUS, pBAN7 :: GUS and pBAN8 :: GUS were also produced.
- the expression GUS is observed in the endothelium of immature seeds with no measurable difference in the strength of expression between the various cassettes of expression tested.
- quantitative variability is observed between independent transformants for the same expression cassette, which is probably to be correlated with the number of transgenes expressed per plant, or with effects of position of insertion of T-DNA in the genome.
- transformants which also show expression during germination localized in the albumen, sometimes at the hypocotyl-root junction or in the root tip.
- Some expression profiles were also obtained for a particular transformant (ex GUS expression in the whole of the hypocotyle and the root for one of the transformants pBAN5 or expression in the leaves for one of the transformants pBAN6).
- the expression profile obtained can therefore always vary depending on the transformation event considered: So. whatever the construct considered, it is necessary to test several independent transformants to obtain the desired specific expression profile.
- the promoter region located between - 457 and - 322 base pairs upstream of the translation initiation site contains the motif (s) necessary and sufficient to repress an expression in the aleurone layer.
- the promoters of the pBAN5 and pBAN6 type will preferably be used, as necessary, to confer specific expression in the endothelium (pBAN5) or in the endothelium and the albumen (pBAN6).
- the feasibility of using the barnase placed under the control of the pBAN1 promoter for the genetic ablation of the endothelium was studied on the first two independent transformants.
- the effect sought for a biotechnological application is the reduction in size of the seed which can go as far as total ablation, as well as the suppression of the flavonoids of the endothelium leading to obtaining yellow seeds.
- the pBAN1 promoter was placed in front of the barnase :: barstar :: cassette terminator of the vector pWP146 (barnase-barstar) supplied by Pascual Perez (Biogemma).
- Such an inducible expression system includes:
- a first expression cassette containing a polynucleotide coding for a fusion protein between a glucocorticoid receptor and the transcription factor GAL4, this polynucleotide being placed under the control of a regulatory nucleic acid derived from the sequence SEQ ID No. 1 according to the invention;
- the fusion protein between the glucocorticoid receptor and the transcription factor GAL4 is produced constitutively, specifically in the endothelium, or specifically in the endothelium and the albumen of the seeds of this plant, thanks to the first expression cassette.
- the glucocorticoid When the plant thus transformed is brought into contact with a glucocorticoid, the glucocorticoid binds specifically to the receptor part of the above fusion protein and results in the binding of the GAL4 part of the fusion protein to the regulatory nucleic acid contained in the second expression cassette.
- the regulatory nucleic acid of the second expression cassette is activated and will induce the expression of the polynucleotide toxic for the cell, specifically in the endothelium, or specifically in the endothelium and the albumen of the seeds of the transformed plant, thus preventing the formation of mature and fertile seeds.
- the inducible expression system defined in general above allows the controlled obtaining of a viable progeny of the transformed plants or, on the contrary, the controlled obtaining of early seeds abortion events.
- Chupeau M.C. Bellini C, Guerche, P., Maisonneuve B., Chupeau Y. (1989) Transgenic plants of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) obtained through electroporation of protoplasts. Biotechnology 7, 503-508. Co ⁇ c Y., Lessaint C. (1971). How to ensure good nutrition in water and mineral ions in horticulture. Hortic. Fr. 8, 11-14.
- Debeaujon I. Léon-Kloosterziel KM, Koornneef M. (2000). Influence of the testa on seed dormancy, germination and longevity in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 122, 403-413. Debeaujon I., Koornnee, M. (2000). Gibberellin requirement for Arabidopsis seed germination is determined both by testa characteristics and embryonic abscisic acid. Plant Physiol. 122, 415- 424. Debeaujon I., Peeters AJ, Léon-Kloosterziel KM, Koornneef M.
- the TRANSPARENT TESTAI 2 gene of Arabidopsis encodes a multidrug secondary transporter-like protein required for flavonoid sequestration in vacuoles of the seed coat endothelium .
- Devic M. Guilleminot J., Debeaujon I., Bechtold N., Bensaude E., Koornneef M., Pelletier, G., Delseny M. (1999).
- the BANYULS gene encodes a DFR-like protein and is a marker of early seed coat development.
- PROCUSTE1 encodes a cellulose synthase required for normal cell elongation specifically in roots and dark-grown hypocotyls of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 12, 2409-2424.
- Koncz C Koncz C, Wienaler F., Kalman, Z., Schell, J. (1984). A simple method to transfer, integrate and study expression of foreign genes, such as chicken ovalbumin and alpha-actin in plant tumors. EMBO J. 3, 1029-1037. Koning A., Jones A., Fillatti JJ, Comai L., Lassner MW (1992). Arrest of embryo development in Brassica napus mediated by modified Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A. Plant Mol. Biol. 18, 247-258. Krizek BA (1999) Ectopic expression of AINTEGUMENTA in Arabidopsis plants results in increased growth of floral organs. Dev. Broom. 25, 224-236.
- ANTHOCYANINLESS2 a homeobox gene affecting anthocyanin distribution and root development in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 11, 1217-1226. Léon-Kloosterziel K.M., Keijzer C.J., Koornneef M. (1994) A seed shape mutant of Arabidopsis that is affected in integument development. Plant Cell 6, 385-392. Liboz T., Bardet, C, Le Van Thai, A., Axelos, M., Lescure, B. (1990).
- a chimeric ribonuclease inhibitor gene restores fertility to maie sterile plants. Nature 357, 384-387.
- Lignin monomer composition is determined by the expression of a cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase in Arabidopsis Proc.
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| FR0110365A FR2828210B1 (fr) | 2001-08-01 | 2001-08-01 | Acide nucleique regulateur permettant l'expression d'un polynucleotide d'interet specifiquement dans l'endothelium d'une graine de plante, et ses applications |
| PCT/FR2002/002784 WO2003012106A2 (fr) | 2001-08-01 | 2002-08-01 | Acide nucleique regulateur permettant l'expression d'un polynucleotide d'interet specifiquement dans l'endothelium d'une graine de plante, et ses applications. |
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